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Power Transportation

How Long Do EV Batteries Last? Longer Than You Might Think, Research Suggests (pcmag.com) 172

PC Magazine cites a study done in March by Recurrent, a Seattle-based company that analyzes used electric car batteries, which analyzed real-world telematics data from 15,000 EVs of various makes and models, taking daily readings of their actual charging activity, battery percentage, and estimated range. Their results? Electric vehicles typically come with a standard battery warranty, between eight and 12 years, plus a certain number of miles. Recurrent found that most drivers were not replacing their batteries even after those warranties expired. The oldest models in the study have the highest percentage of battery replacements, at about 5% for those that have been on the road for nine to 12 years, according to the graph below. Twelve years is the current average lifespan for gas-powered cars in the US, according to Progressive.

This suggests a battery replacement could come at a natural time to consider buying a new vehicle or replacing the battery on the current one, not as an unfortunate surprise just a few years into ownership... "Almost all of the batteries we've ever made are still in cars, and we've been selling electric cars for 12 years," says Nic Thomas, marketing director for Nissan.

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How Long Do EV Batteries Last? Longer Than You Might Think, Research Suggests

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  • Error in summary (Score:2, Insightful)

    by Firethorn ( 177587 )

    Uh, no, progressive identifies the average age of cars on the road at 12 years old. Which means that lifespan needs to be around double that.

    That means that EVs really need to last almost 25 years unless they become substantially cheaper.

    • Journalists! Creme of the crop.

    • by Rei ( 128717 )

      Your second sentence does not logically follow from your first.

      1) The rate of replacements on old batteries is just several percent. You, by contrast, assume they all just die. There is no evidence for this.

      2) 12-year-old cars have little residual value, regardless of how long the vehicle stays on the road in addition to that. You lose most of the value of your purchase early on. The lack of value for old cars is due to expected high maintenance across the board, in addition to lack of convenience and m

      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        by xwin ( 848234 )
        2) If you drive Tesla, then maybe 12yo car has no residual value. 12yo Toyota Camry worth over 8K https://www.kbb.com/toyota/cam... [kbb.com]. I have 2008 Camry that drives perfectly fine and I don't want to replace it. It has value to me.
        The replacement battery for 2008-2013 Camry would cost about 5K to install at the shop. It would cost maybe about 2K DIY, but relatively few people can do this. Used 2GR-FE engine is under 2K in most cases and would probably cost 5K to replace at the shop. But the engine is not com
        • by caseih ( 160668 )

          I suspect EV batteries will last a lot longer than phone, cordless tool, or laptop batteries. I think the main reason is the charge and use cycles are more carefully managed on the EV. A lot of laptops spend their days plugged in and topped off, with relatively few cycles, and often shallow ones at that. That's not good for a battery. Phones get cycled more but again they also end up spending a long time at 100% charge on your night stand.

        • What makes car batteries so special?

          It's very simple: Actually good battery management systems (pretty much confirmed for Teslas, we can't be sure about the others yet).

          For your examples:
          NiMH: How many years did they last? I ended up replacing them for my parent's cordless phones, but the old batteries must have lasted a decade
          Sealed lead acid(I figure "led" was a typo): A different chemistry, but I also have to replace the batteries in my UPS units on a regular basis. This is because lead-acid regular

          • Remember, there's a reason why cell phone companies make batteries hard to replace and charge to 100% by default - they WANT you to be buying more phones.

            I'm old enough to remember cell phones with user replaceable batteries and I don't miss them.

            By the time the batteries in my phones were old enough to need replacement then the phone was old enough to need replacement. This could be just fair wear and tear to the phone, it was just so beat up that I wasn't about to invest in another battery for it. It could be because the technology changed in the last four years or so since I bought the phone that by the time the battery was old enough to where the charg

            • I'm old enough to remember cell phones with user replaceable batteries and I don't miss them.

              I'm also old enough to remember, and I DO miss them. Of course, that's because until recently I lived in low signal areas, so my phones needed charging a lot, and I missed the ability to install a bigger aftermarket battery in them.

              I had a tendency to install batteries with ~3X the capacity, they'd come with a new back to accommodate the bulge, so I'd get decent life out of them. I was also apparently nicer to them, as they'd still be in decent shape by the time that battery was going bad, most of the tim

      • by ukoda ( 537183 )
        With long term trends for battery prices, halving every decade, the price of replacing an BEV battery with a new one is likely to be similar to the cost replace an ICEV motor by the time the need becomes common. As BEVs have less things to fail with age I suspect that option may become popular and BEVs could well turn out to have a longer life on average the ICEV before scraping.

        Another consideration is BEV batteries tend to degrade, rather than fail, so still have a useful life for some owners even whe
        • Re:Error in summary (Score:5, Informative)

          by viperidaenz ( 2515578 ) on Saturday October 28, 2023 @06:37PM (#63962316)

          With all the batteries for cars being bespoke to that model, replacing a battery in years to come will either be:
          1: Not available, as they won't be manufactured anymore
          2: Require complete refurbishment, replacing the individual cells
          3: An after market solution, with the market being supported by a large number of batteries needing replacement for specific models.
          The problem is a battery takes up a huge amount of space and weight compared the entire car, so the structure of the car and battery as designed together.

          Regardless, by the time a battery is worn out, it's going to be cheaper to scrap the car, due to the battery being the most expensive part by a significant margin, plus associated labour costs.

          Combustion engines aren't specific to models either, or even generations of cars.
          Most engines are found in multiple different models, spanning sometimes decades of sales.
          Parts between the engines are also common too.
          Its all part of engineering a cost-effective product. Common parts.

          A battery is the same, they all use a number of similar cells. The problem is, they use maybe 8,000 of them and all must be replaced at the same time with the same spec. They're all welded together too. Inside a sealed box.

          Same goes with transmissions, even more so. There are fewer popular transmission manufacturers than there are car manufactures.
          Take the ZF 8HP for example, it's used in not only dozens of models, but by dozens of manufacturers.

          • by ukoda ( 537183 )
            Your points 1 to 4 are valid concerns and will interesting to see how it plays out. My guess is reasonable options will be available for popular models that have sold in large numbers but less common models could be problematic. I am also concerned about the trend to make battery packs a structural component as they could make what should be a trivial task near impossible depending on exactly how it is done.

            With BEVs being simpler and having low maintenance cost I suspect there will be a trend to want
        • With long term trends for battery prices, halving every decade, the price of replacing an BEV battery with a new one is likely to be similar to the cost replace an ICEV motor by the time the need becomes common.

          That trend cannot continue indefinitely, at some point the price of the batteries will hit a floor. Given the trend to get away from Li-ion batteries to lower cost and lower energy density options like LFP it is possible we already saw the prices hit that floor, and take a bit of a bounce after hitting the floor since prices came up some.

          I suspect we could see budget minded BEV options use battery types that were once considered obsolete, such as NiMH, NiCd, or even lead-acid. Use of these lower cost batt

          • by ukoda ( 537183 )
            The trend on battery price drops has been going for about 40 years and with the explosion in demand driven by BEV sales the market driven efforts are likely to see that trend continue for at least one or two more cycles, possibly more. As you say at some point improvements will likely flatten off but I think it is realistic to expect batteries to reach somewhere between a 1/4 and a 1/10 of what they are now over the next decade or two. Once they get down to that level they are no longer the dominating cos
        • BEVs sold, if in limited numbers, with a range half of the range of current offerings. 80% of original capacity or better seems to be pretty much a given at 12 years. This suggests that people can find some utility in 12 year-old BEVs, although resale value will be affected by the price to utility trade off between that and newer versions. However, my parents would easily make do with a BEV with only half the range of a current model as they rarely make long trips and take frequent breaks. There are plenty
      • Your second sentence does not logically follow from your first.

        It doesn't?
        My first sentence is correcting the summary: The summary claims that average lifespan of cars is 12 years, but the actual measurement that average age of cars on the road is 12 years old.

        But the important metric isn't really "age on road', it's "lifespan".

        Now, let's do an "in head" estimate, not even involving napkins. Let's make it easy as such, as little complex math as possible.
        So, assume an even distribution - IE no cars are lost early, the lifespan is identical, that the total number of ca

    • by dbialac ( 320955 ) on Saturday October 28, 2023 @02:04PM (#63961899)
      And let's not forget that people who buy 8-12 year old cars can't afford new batteries for said car.
    • by edwdig ( 47888 )

      Uh, no, progressive identifies the average age of cars on the road at 12 years old. Which means that lifespan needs to be around double that.

      That means that EVs really need to last almost 25 years unless they become substantially cheaper.

      That data doesn't pass the sniff test. Look at the cars you see the next time you go out. The vast majority of cars you see on the road are very obviously less than 10 years old. There's pretty clear trends in the exterior design of cars over the years, so you can pretty easily guess a car's age within a few years just from glancing at it. If you pay attention as your car ages, you'll notice a lot less people driving the same car as you once you start approaching that 10 year mark. If you see a car approach

      • Difficulty for me: I drive a tacoma. I can see brand new tacomas on the lot virtually identical to my 2 decade old one. I also see a lot of older cars.

        That said, I'll fully accept that newer cars are more likely to be daily drivers, while the older cars are more for once in a while trips, thus seen less.

        • by edwdig ( 47888 )

          That said, I'll fully accept that newer cars are more likely to be daily drivers, while the older cars are more for once in a while trips, thus seen less.

          I would totally believe something like that. That's would really skew the data.

          I'd also believe you if you said areas where things like Tacomas are common tend to have a lot older cars than areas where most people drive a sedan or SUV.

          I suspect the answer is there's certain types of people that skew the data a lot, and the data isn't even close to a bell curve.

          • I'd also believe you if you said areas where things like Tacomas are common tend to have a lot older cars than areas where most people drive a sedan or SUV.

            There's a lot of sedans and SUVs in my area. There's also a lot of trucks. Most of them bigger than mine. I bought mine during a period of life where I was heavily renovating my house and needed the ability to tow a trailer and haul building materials.

            But consider the possibility that used cars, as they age, trend from upper-class areas down to lower class. And not just within cities. You'll see a migration of older cars towards the Appalachians, for example. From states like NY down to Florida. Etc.

      • Highly dependent on where you are. Around my extended family, the dude with a 2013 is considered to have the "new" car. One relative was happy to upgrade to a 2005 model a couple years back.

        Also, not so sure about the styling as a good clue. Certain decades you can guess at a glance even without specific knowledge of the car model. However I'd say broadly the design language has been very similar over the last twenty years. A balance of the blob shape from the 90s but with stronger lines to make it act

    • Both of my Toyotas have over a quarter million miles on them and both are over 20 years old.

  • by Kunedog ( 1033226 ) on Saturday October 28, 2023 @11:07AM (#63961547)

    Recurrent found that most drivers were not replacing their batteries even after those warranties expired.

    What a strange way to phrase that. Wow, so owners tend to not do something even after it costs thousands and thousands, as opposed to when it was free? Did you mean to say "especially after those warranties expired"?

    Yeah, no shit; owners are more likely to just put up with the reduced range, unless they're going to resell the car (knowing full well that prospective buyers don't have to put up with the lowered range).

    As a prospective EV buyer, for me the much more useful metric gathered for those 15000 EVs is the degradation of the battery (and they have a graph for the Model S):
    https://www.pcmag.com/news/how... [pcmag.com]

    For the Tesla Model S, the expensive, 100-kWh battery degrades faster than the lower cost 85- and 70-kWh options. The battery in the BMW i3 has held up fairly well. "The smallest, a 22 kWh pack, was released in the US in 2014. The 33 kWh packs were introduced in 2017," the study says. "Both have, on average, hit 100,000 miles with around 80% of original capacity remaining."

    It's worth a click to see the Model S graph. Higher ranges (i.e. higher capacity in batteries) seem to be be much harder to maintain over the life of an EV. Of course, TIWAGOS since it's based on the "dashboard range estimate" instead of actual road tests, but this (and resale value) is the kind of data I'm more interested in regarding years-old EVs.

    • by PPH ( 736903 )

      What a strange way to phrase that. Wow, so owners tend to not do something even after it costs thousands and thousands, as opposed to when it was free?

      I'm not sure how these battery warranties work (someone with an EV and contract in hand enlighten me). Is there some hard capacity limit below which the mfg. is obliged to pick up the whole tab? Or do they just say "It still runs. Suck it up, snowflake." Or is it like tread life on a tire? "Here's your $500 toward your new $20,000 battery."

      • For Tesla a quick search turns up "8 years or 100,000 miles, whichever comes first, with minimum 70% retention of Battery capacity over the warranty period"

        Now the question would be how is that degradation determined, do they only accept their own diagnosis either from the vehicle itself or their own test equipment? That leads to some conflicts of interest.

        • by viperidaenz ( 2515578 ) on Saturday October 28, 2023 @06:47PM (#63962346)

          The trick is, they don't let you use all the physical capacity when you buy the car new.
          As the battery degrades, the car allows more charge into the battery and allows it to discharge more.
          Your range won't degrade as quickly as the battery does, for a while.
          Then it'll plummet, as the increased charging and discharging increases how quickly the battery wears out.

          Get the algorithms right, and it'll only lose 30% of the original range in the 8 years of warranty, but it's not going to last another 8 years, since it started out only using 80% of the physical capacity and now its using 100% of what's left. It's really lost 50%.

          • Couple things about what you said...

            First, the "buffer capacity" is SMALL. Typically less than 10% of total pack capacity, not 20% as you're suggesting. For example, the Tesla Model 3 Long Range, with its 80.5 kWh pack, has a buffer of only 2.2 kWh. (80.5 kWh rated, 78.3 usable)

            Second, that buffer is split between "top" and "bottom" of the pack. In other words, 100% charge is not truly 100% of the battery's technical max charge, and 0% is not truly empty. This is because virtually all of the degredation hap

      • by shilly ( 142940 )

        It's routinely "we'll replace the EV battery if it's state of health (ie range) is 80% or lower after 7 years or 100k miles" or similar. Entirely theoretical for most folks, as it's routinely much higher than that.

      • by chill ( 34294 )

        Hyundai is as follows:

        Hybrid/Electric Battery & Hybrid System Components Warranty

        We are committed to giving you the confidence and peace of mind that comes with knowing your Hyundai is built with the highest quality and care. That's why we cover our batteries and system components for our hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and all-electric vehicles with a 10- year/100,000-mile warranty. While all electric-car batteries will experience degradation over time, ours will not degrade more than 70 percent of the original capacity during the warranty period.

        https://www.hyundaiusa.com/us/en/assurance/america-best-warranty [hyundaiusa.com]

    • The actual capacity tends to be a bit higher than the advertised capacity. I wonder if what's happening with the 100 vs 85 kwh Tesla batteries is the 100 kwh batteries have less buffer and are operating closer to their true capacity.

      The difference in buffer would have two consequences. First, the battery is probably software limited to stop charging when it reaches official capacity (vs actual capacity). So even when the battery starts degrading it doesn't changing things for the user because they're still

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      The problem with a lot of the data is that it's early EVs and the batteries have improved a lot since then.

      Different manufacturers use different metrics too. For example, Kia and Hyundai sell "64kWh" batteries that are actually about 69kWh gross capacity. You are guaranteed to get at least 64kWh from them when new, and actually the large extra capacity that acts as a buffer also means that 4 year old cars often have 0% degradation, i.e. they can still get the full 64kWh they are rated for out of the pack.

      Mo

    • by stikves ( 127823 )

      The warranties are usually something like "70% capacity after 7 years", whereas they can easily hold 75% after that period (or more). These are carefully calculated so that most regular users won't be eligible for the warranty, but only those with real manufacturing issues (like every other device).

      The issue is not longevity, but obsolesce. There were basically three generations. First [~2010] 70-100 mile range cars (100 being very premium), than [~2015] 90-140 mile range cars (again usually 110-120), and t

    • From your Tesla S qoute, it mentions that the 100-KWH battery degrades faster, compared to the lesser capacity option.

      If I recall correctly, the battery packs are all the same, difference being how much is "enabled" for your use. So I guess the "lower capacity" versions have better "wear leveling" capabilities compared to the 100KWH versions, cos of the extra buffer of 15-30KWH.

      Wasn't there some emergency in the US during which time Tesla just sent an OTA update to enable max capacities for all cars in that

  • ...London buses, or trips to the moon is that?
  • by necro81 ( 917438 ) on Saturday October 28, 2023 @11:29AM (#63961567) Journal
    Cue all the EV detractors with one of two responses:

    1) Nuh-UH!
    2) (after crowing about battery replacement costs after just a few years of ownership) yes, but they still can’t X

    In other words: flat denial or moving the goal posts.
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      by DRMShill ( 1157993 )

      Counterpoint, and I say this as an EV owner:

      If an internal combustion engine fails you have options. Most likely the failure will not necessitate the replacement of the entire engine. There are also a wide variety of vendors that can handle that particle failure.

      The opposite is true of an EV. In the year 2023 your only option is most likely the manufacturer. On top of that it's unlikely that the battery can be fixed down to the component level since most of the components are cells. And a single cell w

  • It's not so much hope long ev batteries "last". It's more about how low of a range you can put up with. Even 20% loss may become incompetent.
    • by shilly ( 142940 )

      This is upside down. While it may be crucial for some, for many people, a 200 vs a 250 mile range difference is unimportant. It just means charging every 10 days instead of every 12. Not you, of course, on your mighty Texan roads. But there are millions like me on little urban roads near our suburban houses with offstreet parking and chargers, who go on a 100+ mile trip about three times a year.

      • Look on the highway.. see many people there with cars? Those are the ones I'm talking about. Or are the highways totally empty where you are?
        • by ukoda ( 537183 )
          Look on the highway.. see many people there with cars? How many of them are driving more than 200 miles?
        • by shilly ( 142940 )

          I live in London. We have motorways around London, but most people don't use them to travel 200 miles, they're going to St Albans or Milton Keynes or round the M25. As I say, millions of people who only make 100+mile trips three times a year.

    • by ukoda ( 537183 )
      Depends on your needs. Most decent BEVs have way more range than the average driver needs in a day so a 20% loss is nothing. A BEV with a badly degraded is still fine for some users and given they sell much cheaper can be a bargain. My mum brought a really cheap first gen Nissan Leaf with a crap battery that 'only' had 120km range. Two years later it is now down to 100km. She is 80 years old and only drives to the local shops a few times a week so that is about 10 times the range that she needs. It ha
  • by burtosis ( 1124179 ) on Saturday October 28, 2023 @12:44PM (#63961711)
    I know someone who bought a fiat electric in the Midwest. Last year, while the car was still under warranty, the battery threw errors and refused to turn on. But because the battery is only covered as a whole unit, and because of whole batteries not being available they wouldn’t repair the vehicle. The range was just fine right up to the failure, making me guess the culprit is likely just a few cells or even just a connection loosened by vibration so it should have been fixable but fiat would not repair it. They wound up getting a handsome payout on another vehicle, after three months of nonsense, but this practice of not just refusing repairs, but to not even have technicians trained to fix them in entire regions of the country is insane and needs to end.
    • He made a classic blunder though that is at the root of all those problems: buying a Fiat

    • by ukoda ( 537183 )
      Ah the key word there is 'Midwest' which translated means 'The USA'. That 'they wouldn’t repair the vehicle' shit only applies in countries with weak consumer protection laws. In most other first world countries they would be force under law to honor their warranty. Here if they could not repair it due to no available battery they would have to replace it with a new car of similar spec, or refund the full purchase value.
      • . Here if they could not repair it due to no available battery they would have to replace it with a new car of similar spec, or refund the full purchase value.

        That’s what happened, they got about 2 thousand more than the sale value of the vehicle if the battery was working put toward a new car. It did take over three months though and it’s still crazy they couldn’t even fix it and it was likely not major or difficult.

  • by Quantum gravity ( 2576857 ) on Saturday October 28, 2023 @12:51PM (#63961723)
    There appears to be a lot of research in future batteries currently, not just for Tesla. But here is one theirs:

    Tesla battery research group unveils paper on new high-energy-density battery that could last 100 years

    - https://electrek.co/2022/05/24... [electrek.co]

    So future batteries could last longer than the car.

    • Yeah there's a lot of incentive to make batteries last longer, doubly so for Tesla as their design paradigms for their future vehicles revolve around having the batteries be part of the structure of the car without their own packaging and so for all intents they would be non-replaceable (I remember Musk announcing this awhile back, not sure if they are utilizing it yet).

      The lifespans are already improving over what we had 10 years ago so it should still get better in the next 10 years with new chemistries,

      • The research is not just about lifespans though. Toyota claim that they have a solid state battery that can be loaded in 10 minutes and give the car a range of 1 200 km.
        There is more.
        • Sure but lifespans are what this topic is about and are a big primary concern for potential EV buyters. I think if you asked most people today if they would prefer a battery with 400mi range guaranteed to last 10 years or one that last's 5 years with 800mi range most would choose the former.

          Also much like the mentioned supercapacitors (would those be considered solid state?) there's plenty of potential future tech on the horizon but Toyota can start gloating about those numbers when we can all buy a car wi

      • But this brings up a serious flaw, if you sell a battery that lasts longer than a lifetime, and it doesn’t even cost that much, you dilute the value proposition for the manufacturer. Given the other technological improvements are causing population declines, they would sell their last unit and go out of business. Thus they will fight tooth and nail to make these batteries only function as a subscription service.
        • This operates under the assumption the battery is the only thing that causes vehicle replacements when for ICE vehicles this isn't even true. Millions of cars are taken off the road with perfectly working engines. Rust, collisions, interior damage and just the desire to upgrade takes plenty of cars with lifespans off the roads.

          Are we really saying auto manufacturers are requires to implement planned obsolescence to maintain their businesses because that's not a battery problem that's a market and capitali

        • That might be true with the traditional automakers, but that runs a risk.

          Last time the big 3 tried that stuff, literally designing their cars to only last 3 years or so, they got their lunch eaten by the Japanese.

          While we've lost a lot of car companies since then, Tesla shows that disruption is still possible, and there's still a lot of car companies out there.

          It'd only take one producing good cars with good batteries to kill the competition that are intentionally limiting the lifespan of their products.

    • Recent experience has taught us two things. One is that a lot of people have been working on battery life without much progress. The second is that any research published by an Elon Musk company is likely to be more hype than science.
  • So EVs are warranteed for 8-12 years, but cell phones die after two? Hmmm ...

    • EV's take much, much better care of their batteries than Phones do (well, at least Teslas do; early Leaf owners might disagree...).
      If Phone manufacturers wanted batteries to last 10 years, they'd give you an option to limit the charge to 80 or 90%, because charging to 100% regularly has significant impacts on battery degradation. Phone manufacturers also push the batteries to the limit - 100% charge on a phone battery might be considered 110% or so for an EV battery.
      My Tesla Model 3 is five and a half yea

      • by ukoda ( 537183 )
        Yes, phones really should have that option. I had a Samsung laptop that had a BIOS option to limit full charge to 80%, which seemed like a good idea so I chose it.
    • by shilly ( 142940 )

      An elephant isn't just a bigger mouse, ya know. An EV battery has a sophisticated management system that keeps it within thermal limits, active cooling, etc. It's totally different from a phone battery. It also doesn't get used anywhere near as aggressively.

  • Gas supply fails (Score:4, Interesting)

    by KT0100101101010100 ( 7179190 ) on Saturday October 28, 2023 @04:40PM (#63962128)

    So I just arrived in Argentina and I'm going to Zapala with some Argeninean friends.

    Guess what, there is a gas shortage in various provinces.

    * Cars are queueing up for 10 blocks to get a refill.
    * Some stations ration gas to max. 13000 pesos (ca. USD 13).
    * Some of my friends have to drive dozens of miles to get a refill or can't get any.

    Meanwhile, the electricity network is totally fine.

    Gas cars are dead. Good riddance and RIP.

    • by ukoda ( 537183 )
      Yes, even without gas shortages it is become more of a hassle to fill up. Here in New Zealand rural gas stations are closing for a combination of reasons, forcing some people to drive a long distance to fill up. There used to be a gas station at the end of my street, now I have to drive to the nearest city. I have noticed a significant up tick in the number of BEVs in use in the rural area I live.

      Outside of the USA, and a few other countries with abnormally low gas prices, it has become too expensive t
    • Gas cars are dead. Good riddance and RIP.

      Tell that to people in California, Hawaii, and other places around the world that see power outages with some regularity from wildfires, earthquakes, hurricanes/cyclones/whatever, and other causes. Also consider that not every cause would be a force of nature. With no electricity it would be common to see people using their gasoline powered vehicles as a means to shelter in place or get far enough away that they'd find basic services were at least close to normal.

      California may have incentives to put sola

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