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Government Hardware

Oregon Governor Signs Nation's First Right-To-Repair Bill That Bans Parts Pairing (arstechnica.com) 139

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Ars Technica: Oregon Governor Tina Kotek today signed the state's Right to Repair Act, which will push manufacturers to provide more repair options for their products than any other state so far. The law, like those passed in New York, California, and Minnesota, will require many manufacturers to provide the same parts, tools, and documentation to individuals and repair shops that they provide to their own repair teams. But Oregon's bill goes further, preventing companies from implementing schemes that require parts to be verified through encrypted software checks before they will function. Known as parts pairing or serialization, Oregon's bill, SB 1596, is the first in the nation to target that practice. Oregon State Senator Janeen Sollman (D) and Representative Courtney Neron (D) sponsored and pushed the bill in the state senate and legislature.

Oregon's bill isn't stronger in every regard. For one, there is no set number of years for a manufacturer to support a device with repair support. Parts pairing is prohibited only on devices sold in 2025 and later. And there are carve-outs for certain kinds of electronics and devices, including video game consoles, medical devices, HVAC systems, motor vehicles, and -- as with other states -- "electric toothbrushes."
"By eliminating manufacturer restrictions, the Right to Repair will make it easier for Oregonians to keep their personal electronics running," said Charlie Fisher, director of Oregon's chapter of the Public Interest Research Group (PIRG), in a statement. "That will conserve precious natural resources and prevent waste. It's a refreshing alternative to a 'throwaway' system that treats everything as disposable."
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Oregon Governor Signs Nation's First Right-To-Repair Bill That Bans Parts Pairing

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  • Apple, Microsoft, Sony and a shitload of other heavy-hitters are going to be fighting this for as long as possible with an emergency injunction in place to keep their products on the market.

    I'm certain most have already made court filings. It has begun.

    • Re:This is war. (Score:5, Interesting)

      by Elfich47 ( 703900 ) on Wednesday March 27, 2024 @10:55PM (#64350273)
      Apple already knows the EU is going this way.

      Its John Deere that is going to try to fight this tooth and claw.
      • Re:This is war. (Score:5, Insightful)

        by larwe ( 858929 ) on Wednesday March 27, 2024 @11:00PM (#64350283)
        John Deere already won their carveout - motor vehicles.
    • I hope they just stop doing business in Oregon.

    • by EvilSS ( 557649 )
      Doubt MS and Sony care too much since they got their big exemption: Game Consoles.
    • Apple, Microsoft, Sony and a shitload of other heavy-hitters are going to be fighting this for as long as possible with an emergency injunction in place to keep their products on the market.

      I'm certain most have already made court filings. It has begun.

      It won't just be tech companies. The auto manufacturers will get in on trying to fight this too. I've lost cars to vin-coded shit that has no reason at all to be vin-coded. Including a stereo install place, supposedly the best in town, frying the Safety Restraint Computer in an older vehicle that couldn't be replaced because they're vin-coded and too old to get straight from the manufacturer. A whole car, sent to the junkyard because one little tiny computerized component couldn't be replaced after a dumbas

  • By banning pairing, this bill makes it valuable again to steal my iPhone and gut it for parts. Thanks so much!

    • by larwe ( 858929 ) on Wednesday March 27, 2024 @11:03PM (#64350287)
      That isn't why Apple does parts pairing - they do it so they can control the market for, and hence price of, repairs - so that _they_ can calibrate the point at which you say "ah screw it, I'll just buy a new phone".
      • by tomz16 ( 992375 )

        Correct... as can be seen by the sharp step-function in used prices between macbook w/ good screen vs. macbook w/ broken screen in models where you *can* replace the screen yourself and models where you need Apple's blessed pairing software (i.e. you have to first buy the part from Apple at their inflated price before they give you cloud access to the tool necessary to program that 1 laptop to that 1 screen). Once you cut out cheap third party + DIY repairs, you drive customers back to your own retail offe

        • You don't even need to involve iCloud at all - you could include a printed TOTP secret that's associated with the device and will work with any TOTP app to generate a credential when needed, and don't be dumb enough to keep the secret anywhere on the device itself or in its bag/case. The pairing software will ask for a credential, and you give it when needed. Or you could provide the key as a YubiKey-like device, but that too would need to be kept separate from the phone/computer. Recyclers could pay a bo

    • Are you really so stupid you believe the bottom-feeder who steals your iPhone cares what happens to it afterward? If you leave your phone on a bar or have half of it hanging out of your back pocket, whoever steals it is probably going to pass it to their crack dealer. End of story.

      By the time it gets two steps past the crack dealer, it's probably in China, and Apple is so busy sucking Chairman Xi's spring roll it couldn't matter less whether or not they know where all those "scrap" iPhones came from.

      • Funny story, my iPhone got swiped in downtown Seattle.... I got it back for $40 after calling it non-stop. The crackhead who swiped it sold it to a Taco truck owner, and the Taco truck owner knew he couldn't get anything for it.
    • Over in China they just desolder the chip from your broken screen and move it to the stolen screen. No big deal.

    • By banning pairing, this bill makes it valuable again to steal my iPhone and gut it for parts. Thanks so much!

      Ignorance banning law enforcement is the actual problem you’re talking about. Your phone certainly isn’t the only thing rampant crime can take from you or a loved one, and no amount of pairing is going to fix that.

      Choose better leaders, taxpayer. You’re certainly paying enough for it.

    • by skam240 ( 789197 )

      Oh c'mon, a mugger is going to steal your cell phone whether this law exists or not. This changes nothing in that regard.

      • Oh c'mon, a mugger is going to steal your cell phone whether this law exists or not. This changes nothing in that regard.

        Befire cars, there were horses. And we used to hang a horse thief for that crime.

        Before liberals, there were deterrents. We used to arrest and punish muggers for that crime.

        Start cutting off hands for stealing again. See how many get mugged after that.

        • by skam240 ( 789197 )

          Start cutting off hands for stealing again. See how many get mugged after that.

          Oh good, so now instead of a person doing their time for their crime and then getting the opportunity to start over again when they get out we'll have punishments for minor crimes that last and limit these people for their entire lives. That sounds nice and moral, just like the Taliban.

          Furthermore, if the death penalty isnt a deterrent for crime https://www.wupr.org/2024/02/2... [wupr.org] then cutting off hands wont be either. Criminals like petty thieves arent exactly great long term planners, hence them being thiev

          • as someone who has spent a lot of time counseling ex-felons, I can say honestly that MOST businesses in the USA wouldn't hire ex-felons. That, "person doing their time for their crime and then getting the opportunity to start over again" thing isn't very real these days. Maybe it was at some time in the past, but these ays? Nope, you are forever a criminal in the eyes of most hiring managers.
            • by skam240 ( 789197 )

              Who's more employable and / or more likely to have a happy life? A former felon or a former felon with only one hand?

              Most of the type of work that convicted felons end up with is manual labor done with the hands like kitchen work. Taking a hand away removes most of the few job opportunities they have as a felon thus making the adoption of a product life even more unlikely for them.

          • Start cutting off hands for stealing again. See how many get mugged after that.

            Oh good, so now instead of a person doing their time for their crime and then getting the opportunity to start over again when they get out we'll have punishments for minor crimes that last and limit these people for their entire lives. That sounds nice and moral, just like the Taliban.

            Furthermore, if the death penalty isnt a deterrent for crime https://www.wupr.org/2024/02/2... [wupr.org] then cutting off hands wont be either. Criminals like petty thieves arent exactly great long term planners, hence them being thieves.

            Most people who defend criminals as victims like that, have never seen real crime or harm. Stop pretending the current liberal policies destroying all forms of deterrent are effective. A thief will quickly become a long term planner when they no longer have hands, but the best part about that is the 10,001 people who made the moral choice not to become criminals, because they took one good look at how hard Stumpy McStealerson is struggling with shitty life choices.

            A mugging isn’t a minor crime. It

            • by skam240 ( 789197 )

              Huh, no room for the redemption of the individual huh? Permanent deforming punishment it is.

              I'll put it this way then, there's a reason why the Taliban are considered morally degenerate to us in the West, it's because they do shit like what you advocate.

              I'll leave you with that and be done with this conversation as if you're comfortable with implementing punishments that even our founding fathers (who were pro slavery mind you so hardly angels) found morally repugnant then I have no interest in debating you

        • Start cutting off hands for stealing again. See how many get mugged after that.

          Did you by any chance go back in time and write the 13th amendment? Because your proposal is a way to help maintain a permanent slave class.

          • Start cutting off hands for stealing again. See how many get mugged after that.

            Did you by any chance go back in time and write the 13th amendment? Because your proposal is a way to help maintain a permanent slave class.

            The Incarcerated States of America, already has a slave class. I’d prefer actual deterrents to reduce that slave class, but more importantly to reduce the victim numbers. Yeah. I AM thinking of the children. Logically.

    • By banning pairing, this bill makes it valuable again to steal my iPhone and gut it for parts. Thanks so much!

      Exactly.

    • by necro81 ( 917438 )

      By banning pairing, this bill makes it valuable again to steal my iPhone and gut it for parts. Thanks so much!

      Even if your premise is correct, you need to weigh that against the benefit to users that want inexpensive and hassle-free ways to repair their devices. Put differently, which is more likely to happen while owning a phone: 1) that you'll need to repair it at some point - prolonging its useful life before replacement, increasing resale value, and reducing e-waste, or 2) that it gets stolen for par

  • Possible issues. (Score:2, Insightful)

    by willy_me ( 212994 )

    People are going to hate reading this, but I like the fact that Apple pairs parts. I don't want anyone to be able to steal my phone and then either use it or strip it for parts. I want there to be zero incentive to mug someone on the subway for their iPhone. I want that lost iPhone to be turned in to the lost-and-found instead of just being stolen.

    This law could potentially revert us back to how things were 10 years ago. When owning a high-end device was a pain in the ass simply due to the troubles i

    • I want to be able to repair my phone at a reasonable price. Don't want your phone stolen, then treat as you do your wallet!
    • Re:Possible issues. (Score:5, Informative)

      by Powercntrl ( 458442 ) on Wednesday March 27, 2024 @11:51PM (#64350399) Homepage

      Functional iPhones generally aren't stripped for parts. Thieves will try to social engineer their way past the iCloud lock, and if you look on YouTube there's even people in China who have figured out hardware methods of reprogramming the phone's IMEI and serial number.

      The only thing parts paring really accomplishes is annoying people who legitimately repair phones.

      • Functional iPhones generally aren't stripped for parts.

        Yes!!! That is exactly my point. Why strip for parts when the parts can not be reused? It pays more to attempt social engineering past the iCloud lock before the original owner disables the device. Can you really call support and make your way past a lock then even the FBI have issues with all before the user discovers they are missing their phone and disables it? Probably more profitable to send it to China.

        Paired parts do annoy people that legitimately repair phones. No arguments from me here. Th

        • Yes!!! That is exactly my point. Why strip for parts when the parts can not be reused?

          No you missed the point. Parts weren't stripped from functioning phones even before pairing became a thing. It just isn't a viable economic model.

          Can you really call support and make your way past a lock then even the FBI have issues

          The FBI wants the phone unlocked and completely intact with all data. A thief doesn't give a shit, they just want to wipe it and sell it as new. Two different things with two different attack vectors.

      • by khchung ( 462899 )

        Functional iPhones generally aren't stripped for parts. Thieves will try to social engineer their way past the iCloud lock

        That's exactly the point of making iPhone parts unusable. How many can the thieves social engineer in a day? Vs how many phones they could steal and strip if the parts were valuable for reuse?

        I, as a iPhone buyer, want the parts in my phone to be unusable to anyone except myself, and I am willing to pay more, including buying a new phone, in the event of my phone breaking down. I, the buyer, should have the freedom to make that choice, right?

    • by sethawoolley ( 1005201 ) on Thursday March 28, 2024 @12:18AM (#64350435) Homepage

      Oregon citizen and friend of Charlie (who was quoted in the summary) here.

      The bill specifically bans parts pairing when made effective to prevent an otherwise functional part from being used for replacement.

      You can still use part serial numbering to prevent theft.

      • Forgive me for not reading the legislation. The summary implies otherwise. If it is as you have indicated then it really will be the best of both worlds. Thanks for the update.
        • Yeah, the summary was missing a conditional clause regarding the intent of the action, to prevent repair with an otherwise functional part.

      • by khchung ( 462899 )

        You can still use part serial numbering to prevent theft.

        What prevent thieves from wiping out the serial number? And what prevents repair shops from buying parts without serial number (or even with stolen serial number) and putting them into customer's phones?

        Generally people taking phones to repair won't open their phones afterwards to check the serial number of the parts used.

        • by sethawoolley ( 1005201 ) on Thursday March 28, 2024 @02:12AM (#64350493) Homepage

          If serial number anti-removal techniques are working to prevent repair now and in the future, they will also prevent theft now and in the same time frame of the future.

          The sophistication of high-tier determined thieves is about the same as professional independent repair shops. The main issue a non-thief independent-repair-shop may need to overcome is whether or not it is illegal to circumvent the protection, which things like the DMCA aren't supposed to touch even now.

          What the parent poster was proposing is that registration of the same serial number as already sold may be blocked, but a non-serialized or other-serialized party would be allowed. Currently the restrictions are designed to require a match in a central registry. The central registry if it exists can simply be made to allow new things not linked to a registered owner by the manufacturer already.

          And of course, for vehicles and guns we use vin and serial number etching which is manipulable too, but it is still effective at least somewhat in tracking crime. I suspect things would be similar for such electronically etched systems.

          And these electronically etched systems generally work by having a writable memory that can have its write system "burned" by triggering a "fuse" that permanently makes it impossible to rewrite it without destruction or wholesale replacement of the chip itself. The goal here is to protect the chip, which is what is generally proprietary here. This also works for firmware protection too, to some extent, unless you have some especially powerful equipment.

        • What prevent thieves from wiping out the serial number?

          Serial numbers are blown into e-fuses in each CPU. Those can't be wiped by anyone without destroying the device.

          what prevents repair shops from buying parts without serial number (or even with stolen serial number) and putting them into customer's phones?

          The serial numbers are set in the factories; there are no parts without numbers.

        • by flink ( 18449 )

          What prevent thieves from wiping out the serial number? And what prevents repair shops from buying parts without serial number (or even with stolen serial number) and putting them into customer's phones?

          Generally you would encode the serial number as a set of blown fuses on an ID chip on the part. Then you blow the master fuse that allows writing to the data fuses. Ideally pairing a phone with a new part would involve a free app that would accept the owner's icloud credentials + phone IMEI + new part serial number and would validate that a) the iCloud credentials own the phone and b) the serial number of the new part is legit and hasn't been reported stolen.

          That would allow self repair and prevent theft

    • I want there to be zero incentive to mug someone on the subway for their iPhone

      Give people economic safety and much of that incentive will disappear. People with proper income don't mug.

    • ... the advantages to paired parts ...

      I can steal your iPhone and when the camera breaks, install an unpaired part. Your iPhone isn't stripped and sold for parts but optional pairing means there's still incentive to steal it.

      Also, thieves could learn to disable the parts-pairing chip, allowing them to strip your iPhone and sell it as non-pairing parts.

    • by MeNeXT ( 200840 )

      Why do you think the only option is for Apple to own the key that pairs the parts? Thought was put into locking in a revenue stream, not secure the owner of the device from theft.

    • by Luckyo ( 1726890 )

      And since apple already requires anyone making their parts to sign an agreement that no parts are sold to any party other than apple, it's perfect. No one gets any spare parts from anyone other than apple, which means that if apple decides that it's time for you to buy a new phone or a laptop from apple, it gives you a repair quote that is higher than the cost of a new phone or a laptop. And since these are specialist parts that require things like copyrighted microcode, no one else is allowed to make them

    • People are going to hate reading this, but I like the fact that Apple pairs parts. I don't want anyone to be able to steal my phone and then either use it or strip it for parts.

      That has to be the most absurd thing I've ever read. You would create mountains of waste and cost to users limiting repair problems all to solve the theft of a relatively cheap toy which statistically gets replaced every couple of years anyway.

      If someone wants to mug you and your first thought isn't *shrug - hand over phone without argument or concern* then you shouldn't have an iPhone. If your most critical concern about losing your phone isn't finding the time to go to a website and ordering a replacement

    • Apple has serialized all parts so that they could accomplish parts pairing. So Apple can easily their database of parts-used available to be checked for stolen parts in order to continue to disincentivize theft. It really is up to Apple to use this data for good rather than evil.
  • I here by classify my iphone as part of my HVAC systems (I have a nest).
    • I actually used my phone as part of my HVAC system. The system has a Bluetooth service interface, so it was helpful to see if it had a clogged condensate line or other issue that I could take care of quickly. Unfortunately my login appears to not work anymore after an update, and I suspect the manufacturer has started cracking down to limit the use of the app by DIYers.

  • by BrendaEM ( 871664 ) on Thursday March 28, 2024 @12:05AM (#64350413) Homepage
    Likely no one else but you thinks that keyed parts are good, but you.
    • Honestly... if they want to use a keyed part system for the sole purpose of voiding warranty if you have an unauthorized repair, I'm OK with that.

      That should not apply to parts that require replacement from normal wear & tear and can't affect other components if they fail.

      But even that gets complicated. What if you replace a battery in your device with something that turns out to be particularly unstable, bursts into flame, and melts everything? A battery SHOULD absolutely be user-replaceable with a g

      • by tlhIngan ( 30335 )

        Well, there are some parts that are needed for security.

        After all, what if I change your fingerprint sensor to one that had the ability to record and play back fingerprints? If they're paired, then the act of replacing the sensor means it's disabled, which is what you want as an indication something foul has taken place.

        But if I can replace it with a recording sensor, then I can have it replay the recorded fingerprints until it works and lets me in. Imagine how useful that is for law enforcement? Now they n

        • by flink ( 18449 )

          You can put this in the users hand by prompting the user to validate the repair via the icloud app or website after a repair:

          1. Phone boots and detects a part with unknown serial
          2. Phone reaches back to apple and posts serial number and model # of part
          3. The user goes to icloud which will tell them if the serial is legit OEM part and whether it's been reported stolen.
          4. User authorizes the new part in icloud
          5. icloud sends a message to the phone telling it that the part is legit and it can bond to it permanently.
        • by zekica ( 1953180 )

          After all, what if I change your fingerprint sensor to one that had the ability to record and play back fingerprints? If they're paired, then the act of replacing the sensor means it's disabled, which is what you want as an indication something foul has taken place.

          This bill doesn't prevent clearing fingerprint sensor data when you swap it with another genuine part. It prevents it from being disabled completely.

  • "That will conserve precious natural resources and prevent waste. It's a refreshing alternative to a 'throwaway' system that treats everything as disposable."

    Yeah, except you managed to allow Greed to carve out a lot of the shit consumers are forced to replace prematurely. You’ve done next to nothing to address the ‘throwaway’ problem, including the marketing that has driven that culture and mentality now. It’ll be ironically predictable to watch Right to Repair “fix” the problem of repair about as well as “recycling” has untrashed a planet.

    And what the hell is up with electric toothbrush carve-outs? Oddly enoug

  • ...also to our governments ?!?
  • ... for manufacturers will find new ways to be complete dicks while in compliance with the regulations. e.g. combining electronics into large boards that are more expensive to replace, or putting functionality into ASICs, or pouring epoxy all over everything, or using specialist tools or locking nuts, or super complex communication protocols. Basically anything that massively hinders a non authorised person from affecting a repair in a cost efficient and timely manner.

  • This is great news but I hope these laws apply to software diagnostic tools as well where manufacturers find ways to ensure that only those service centers who are purchasing a VERY EXPENSIVE license for the maintenance software are allowed access to the hardware through license keys etc.

  • Curious, for some applications, say tooling, machined matched set is a thing. Are there exceptions here? Also proprietary calibrations? Or would Oregon just stop having CNC machines altogether.
    • I can buy replacement bearings for my THK linear ways. They can be measured and bought. Yes, the parts are grouped and fitted, but the possibility of replacement isn't thwarted. There is a difference between tolerances and interdiction.

      Also aftermarket crankshafts do exist--even for matched cases. Notice the category: https://www.scooterpartsco.com... [scooterpartsco.com]

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