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EU Power

Germany Quits Nuclear Power, Closes Its Final Three Plants (cnn.com) 241

"Germany's final three nuclear power plants close their doors on Saturday," reports CNN, "marking the end of the country's nuclear era that has spanned more than six decades...." [D]espite last-minute calls to keep the plants online amid an energy crisis, the German government has been steadfast. "The position of the German government is clear: nuclear power is not green. Nor is it sustainable," Steffi Lemke, Germany's Federal Minister for the Environment and Consumer Protection and a Green Party member, told CNN."We are embarking on a new era of energy production," she said.

The closure of the three plants — Emsland, Isar 2 and Neckarwestheim — represents the culmination of a plan set in motion more than 20 years ago. But its roots are even older. In the 1970s, a strong anti-nuclear movement in Germany emerged. Disparate groups came together to protest new power plants, concerned about the risks posed by the technology and, for some, the link to nuclear weapons. The movement gave birth to the Green Party, which is now part of the governing coalition...

For critics of Germany's policy, however, it's irrational to turn off a low-carbon source of energy as the impacts of the climate crisis intensify. "We need to keep existing, safe nuclear reactors operating while simultaneously ramping up renewables as fast as possible," Leah Stokes, a professor of climate and energy policy at the University of California, Santa Barbara, told CNN. The big risk, she said, is that fossil fuels fill the energy gap left by nuclear. Reductions in Germany's nuclear energy since Fukushima have been primarily offset by increases in coal, according to research published last year.

Germany plans to replace the roughly 6% of electricity generated by the three nuclear plants with renewables, but also gas and coal.... Now Germany must work out what do with the deadly, high-level radioactive waste, which can remain dangerous for hundreds of thousands of years.

CNN also notes how other countries approach nuclear power:
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Germany Quits Nuclear Power, Closes Its Final Three Plants

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  • why? (Score:4, Insightful)

    by jdawgnoonan ( 718294 ) on Saturday April 15, 2023 @08:54PM (#63452810)
    This is truly a backwards policy for Germany, which is quite unusual for them.
    • by sodul ( 833177 ) on Saturday April 15, 2023 @09:01PM (#63452820) Homepage

      The population freaked out and voted for more Green Party representatives after Fukushima. TBH if the Japanese can't make a nuclear plan safe, who can you trust?

      On the other hand I do agree that this was shortsighted and Nuclear is necessary in order to get out of fossil fuel, at least until renewables are enough to sustain the growing needs in electricity, including the forced shift to EV in a few years.

      • Re: why? (Score:4, Insightful)

        by fintux ( 798480 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @01:36AM (#63453092)

        The thing is, coal and gas energy are the silent killers. CO2 will do much more harm to humanity than the nuclear disasters.

        I'm not saying nuclear isn't problematic or that it shouldn't be phased out. I'm saying that gas and goal are even more problematic, so moving back to them (which Germany does with this move) is an anti-solution to the problem.

        Germany does not have enough green energy production yet, it does not have a good enough power grid to handle production and consumption fluctuations, and most importantly, it does not have grid scale energy storage.

        We cannot build on what we hope to exist one day, we have to build on what already is there.

        • by serviscope_minor ( 664417 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @04:04AM (#63453292) Journal

          The thing is, coal and gas energy are the silent killers. CO2 will do much more harm to humanity than the nuclear disasters.

          Also direct pollution. Far more French people have have died due to German coal based air pollution being wafted into France than from French nuclear accidents.

        • it does not have a good enough power grid to handle production and consumption fluctuations,
          Just: LOL

        • Re: why? (Score:4, Informative)

          by AmiMoJo ( 196126 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @10:31AM (#63453722) Homepage Journal

          Coal is being phased out too.

          https://www.eurofound.europa.e... [europa.eu]

          Basically the maximum price limits for coal are being reduced until 2027, and if plants are closed before then the energy company can get compensation from the government. That creates a financial incentive to close them and build new renewables.

          New coal plants could not be started after 2020, so they can't close old ones and replace them now. The new ones have to meet the current EU emissions standards, which generally means capturing the pollution and sequestering it.

          The final date for shutdown of all coal power in Germany is 2038, but it will likely happen sooner than that.

          Before someone says that future governments will just change the dates, the reason why they are shutting these nuclear plants now is that the date was decided long ago by another government (under Merkel) and the current government is respecting it. Changing it would be very difficult anyway.

        • by Tough Love ( 215404 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @01:05PM (#63454048)
      • Re:why? (Score:3, Informative)

        by mobby_6kl ( 668092 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @01:59AM (#63453122)

        The population freaked out and voted for more Green Party representatives after Fukushima. TBH if the Japanese can't make a nuclear plan safe, who can you trust?

        This has been the policy since before Fukushima and the mainstream parties have supported it. It was Merkel's government that decided the current 2022 phaseout.

        https://foreignpolicy.com/2023... [foreignpolicy.com]

        • by sodul ( 833177 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @02:16AM (#63453154) Homepage

          Thanks for the link. Before Fukushima the phaseout was planned for 2036, enough time to give the hot potato to an other government who could push the bucket further to give time for new renewable energy tech to be developed. This is what they did in 2009: a change in government pushed to shutdown further away by 14y. Fukushima brought the shutdowns back to 2022, and the Ukraine invasion delayed that by a few months.

        • Re:why? (Score:2, Insightful)

          by AmiMoJo ( 196126 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @10:19AM (#63453710) Homepage Journal

          That article makes a really good point. The nuclear supporters have been crying wolf for decades, saying that shutting down nuclear would be catastrophic. Every time a plant closes, every time anyone thinks about closing on. They have burned up all their credibility.

          Fukushima was not just an example of what could potentially go wrong, it was proof that a country could turn off all its nuclear power at the same time and somehow keep the lights on. It turned out to be not nearly as critical as people were claiming.

          Obviously it's not good from an environmental point of view to do that, but Germany has been massively increasing its renewable output. The growth is exponential and it's getting to the point where they need to move to highly dispatchable sources to transition their grid over completely. It's got to happen some time and nuclear fans will never agree to any schedule, so they just have to get on with it. Deadlines also help get the funding and built out of renewables in place in time, otherwise bean counters will just keep putting it off.

          • by dgatwood ( 11270 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @01:40PM (#63454106) Homepage Journal

            That article makes a really good point. The nuclear supporters have been crying wolf for decades, saying that shutting down nuclear would be catastrophic. Every time a plant closes, every time anyone thinks about closing on. They have burned up all their credibility.

            To be fair, most of those previous shutdowns haven't involved taking huge amounts of power off of the grid at a time when their ability to get fossil fuels is compromised by a war of Russian aggression and the sanctions arising out of that war. Taking actions to deliberately increase Europe's dependence on fossil fuels right now can only be described as s**t-for-brains stupid, and that's the only realistic thing that can happen when you take that much power off of the grid.

            Worse, because natural gas is in such short supply thanks to the aforementioned geopolitical climate, 100% of that power, at least in the short term, will be replaced by *coal*, which is one of the dirtiest fossil fuel sources in existence. And even in the long term, they'll still be replacing it with fossil-fuel-based power until renewables fully replace fossil fuels. One could reasonably argue that we can blame that extra CO2 on this decision until the last non-green energy source anywhere on Europe's grid goes offline.

            It's got to happen some time and nuclear fans will never agree to any schedule, so they just have to get on with it. Deadlines also help get the funding and built out of renewables in place in time, otherwise bean counters will just keep putting it off.

            Deadlines, sure. But deadlines mean "20 years from now", not "you're all going to freeze when winter comes". This seems bafflingly shortsighted, even by political standards.

            The right thing to do would have been to shut down the nuclear plants when the last German coal plant goes dark in 2038. That way you're moving towards a single goal on a single timeline, and aren't creating setbacks in CO2 emissions just to score cheap political points.

      • by Uecker ( 1842596 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @02:15AM (#63453152)

        This was a direct decision of the Merkel government after Fukushima, not by the Green Party. There was a decision by previous left / Green government to exit nuclear power, which was undone by the conservatives, which then changed their mind again after Fukushima.

      • The population freaked out and voted for more Green Party representatives after Fukushima. That is wrong.
        The population voted for the exit 15 years BEFORE Fukushima.
        But then came the new Chancellor Merkel and in her wisdom prolonged the runtime of the reactors - and SHE back peddled after Fukushima. No further vote of the citizens involved.

        until renewables are enough to sustain the growing needs in electricity,
        Germany produces already ~50% of its electricity with renewables.

    • by Casandro ( 751346 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @02:31AM (#63453178)

      No, not really. It's one of the most expensive ways to generate electrical energy, plus our reactors are very old.

      Additionally even ignoring the safety and sustainability issues and where the fuel comes from (hint Russia!), nuclear power plants are going to be less and less reliable as global warming proceeds.

      Let's take France as an example:
      In Summer many of the nuclear power plants in France already close down or severely limit their power simply because there is to little water to cool them.
      https://www.nytimes.com/2022/1... [nytimes.com]
      France has to subsidize electricity heavily to stay competitive as their market prices for electricity are far to high.

    • by thegarbz ( 1787294 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @02:35AM (#63453190)

      This is truly a backwards policy for Germany, which is quite unusual for them.

      Not really. The backwards policy is not building new reactors. Closing old ones is good common sense. That said these last couple were quite "new" only being around 30-40 years old. They could have kept going a few more years. The rest of Germany's nuclear plants were a large accident waiting to happen.

    • by flyingfsck ( 986395 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @02:40AM (#63453200)
      Germany has sensible neighbors who they can buy electricity from.
    • by Joce640k ( 829181 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @02:45AM (#63453208) Homepage

      This is truly a backwards policy for Germany, which is quite unusual for them.

      They may have good engineers but the green party is huge politically so don't expect any common sense from them.

    • by misnohmer ( 1636461 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @03:12AM (#63453242)
      Democracy in action. The decisions made are only as good as the voters.
    • Re:why? (Score:3, Funny)

      by flyingfsck ( 986395 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @03:28AM (#63453258)
      Germans always loved coal. It is like the Irish and peat. They are inseparable.
    • Re:why? (Score:4, Informative)

      by AmiMoJo ( 196126 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @04:24AM (#63453316) Homepage Journal

      Cost. The plants are getting old and even more expensive to keep running. The money is needed for renewables.

      It's really important that Germany does this because nuclear isn't suitable for developing nations. Even if we trust them enough to let them have it (see Iran), they don't have the infrastructure or regulatory environment for it.

      They will just build coal and gas if renewables aren't cheaper and proven.

      • by sonlas ( 10282912 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @06:12AM (#63453390)

        They will just build coal and gas if renewables aren't cheaper and proven.

        So they will just buy coal and gas.

        At some point, people like you will understand that the solution is not either renewables or nuclear, but a mix of both, because they both complement each other pretty well as low-carbon energy sources. I am just afraid you will realize that once it is too late, for all of us.

        • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @08:57AM (#63453572) Homepage Journal

          Would you be willing to pay for nuclear yourself? If hypothetically it was possible to for you to have nuclear power and me to just have renewables.

          You can sort of do it in the UK, in that some suppliers only pay for renewable energy. I don't think there are any nuclear only ones though. Maybe someone should start one on the same basis as the renewable suppliers. Profits get rolled back into nuclear investment.

          • by mobby_6kl ( 668092 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @09:46AM (#63453638)

            Would you be willing to pay for nuclear yourself? If hypothetically it was possible to for you to have nuclear power and me to just have renewables.

            Sure, why not? My grid is already half nuclear and it's fine. Germany made everyone pay extra tax to subsidize solar panels so that's a valid way to go apparently.

            Also what are you going to do when there are no renewables available for you?

            • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @10:06AM (#63453686) Homepage Journal

              I've been on a renewable only tariff for at least a decade now, I forget exactly when it started. Not had any blackouts so far, and back then there were far fewer windmills.

              When it started it cost more than normal tariffs. They said they would notify me if they ever had to buy fossil fuels to cover periods of low production, but I never got such a notification. These days it's cheaper than the standard fossil fuel/nuclear tariffs.

              • Re:why? (Score:4, Interesting)

                by sonlas ( 10282912 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @01:21PM (#63454076)

                Can you provide a link to your energy plan?

                Usually, those plans just mean that they feed into the energy grid the same amount of green energy that they are selling to their customers. Or that they are buying green bonds to compensate. In the end, you are still getting nuclear/gas/coal energy, and this is what is being used to provide your baseload need.

                Please note that they don't have to feed the grid at the same time they are selling you your electricity... So they can just consume and sell you at night energy coming from nuclear/gas/coal, and feed solar energy during the day, when the demand is low (there is a few days/weeks rolling window for that, to cover for the fact that renewables can be really intermitent).

                But if that makes you feel good, why not.

    • by flyingfsck ( 986395 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @05:13AM (#63453346)
      Slovakia also produces about 70% nuclear power and export’s electricity.
    • by bill_mcgonigle ( 4333 ) * on Sunday April 16, 2023 @07:59AM (#63453508) Homepage Journal

      The German government is acting as a colonial government against the benefit of its people.
      Search for the RAND report on deindustrializing Germany.
      The same people who called Hunter's laptop a fake are calling it a fake too.
      Yet each step is being enacted.
      "Coincidentally".

    • by the agent man ( 784483 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @08:33AM (#63453538)

      Not sure what is supposed to be backward in abandoning an inherently dangerous technology with unresolved sustainability issues. Dumping radioactive materials, so far, has created a large number of documented disasters (e.g., collapsing salt mines). And these are just the relatively short term consequences ignoring long term disasters of containers eroding and leaking.

      Focusing on alternative energy solutions with long term sustainability is the very definition of forward thinking.

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @10:24AM (#63453716) Homepage Journal

        Germany is currently struggling to figure out what to do with the waste they have. Most of it cannot be re-used even if theoretical Gen IV reactors were available.

        The law governing it was passed in 2013, and required sites to be found by 2030. The current plan is for facilities where waste can be stored for 1 million years, with the waste accessible for the first 500 years for monitoring and remedial work.

        No sites have been selected so far. Nobody wants it, suitable locations are few and far between. They don't want to export their problems either.

        Despite nuclear power being around for over 70 years it seems that nobody has figured out what to do with the waste. The "future generations will sort it out" plan hasn't worked.

    • by stooo ( 2202012 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @11:00AM (#63453760) Homepage

      The extreme rise in renewables makes base load an obsolete concept.
      A baseload capable and optimized generation is a negative thing in today's grid.

      Germany is at 50% of renewable electricity generation, 5% nuke, now 0% nuclear.
      Worldwide, nuke is at 10%, falling, while renewables is at 26,5%, rising quickly.
      Renewable is rising every year, nuclear is dropping every year.
      Nuclear electricity is dead and fading away, because it simply costs about 4x more than any other electricity source.

    • by groobly ( 6155920 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @11:25AM (#63453808)

      Haha, not unusual at all. Repeat of Nordstream. They are doing this because they need the woke Greens in their coalition.

  • This is a horrific (Score:5, Interesting)

    by JoshuaZ ( 1134087 ) on Saturday April 15, 2023 @08:57PM (#63452814) Homepage
    This is utterly awful from a climate change standpoint. It is arguable that given how expensive nuclear power is, building more nuclear reactors will not be as effective as building more wind and solar, but stopping perfectly good reactors is a clear loss. And this is despite the majority of Germans being in favor of keeping the nuclear plants running https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Wide-public-support-for-keeping-German-reactors-on [world-nuclear-news.org]. This is a betrayal by the German government of the people of Germany and of the world. And that this is being pushed in part by people who nominally are doing so for what they claim are environmental concerns makes it even worse. And this decision being done *now* not only makes climate worse but also means more fossil fuels get bought from Russia, makes this bad at a simple short term level. There is some tiny good news connected to all of this: projections are that this year will be the first year ever where the total emissions from electric power production goes down https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20230414-climate-change-why-2023-is-a-clean-energy-milestone [bbc.com]. But this is very much despite Germany's decision. And it means in the next few years, far more CO2 will be put out than would be otherwise.
    • by Uecker ( 1842596 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @02:31AM (#63453182)

      In general, population was largely in favor of the nuclear exist over a long time. I am not sure a single poll in the middle of the energy crisis tells us much.

      I agree that it does not make any sense to prematurely turn off existing nuclear plants and that more coal plants should be turned off instead. But still, Germany achieved their climate target, reduced coal use substantially in the last decade (2010: 263 TWh, 2022: 181 TWh), and has per-capita emissions far below the US while having a similar high standard of living and an economy based on exports of industrial goods. It is not true that more fossils fuels get bought from Russia. Germany stopped importing gas from Russia.

      Also, one should note that Rosatom is somehow not on list of boycotted companies:

      "Each year, Europe and the United States buy roughly $1 billion of civilian nuclear goods and services directly from Rosatom."
      https://nypost.com/2023/04/06/... [nypost.com]

      So yes, one can criticize Germany for this decision, but - at least when coming from US citizens - I would say it is a bit hypocritical.

    • by angel'o'sphere ( 80593 ) <{angelo.schneider} {at} {oomentor.de}> on Sunday April 16, 2023 @08:52AM (#63453560) Journal

      But this is very much despite Germany's decision.
      Germany already has reduced its emissions of CO2 dramatically, fa over 50% ...
      So? What exactly is your point?
      Show me any other nation that has achieved that.

      We are waiting ...

    • by stooo ( 2202012 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @11:04AM (#63453764) Homepage

      Germany replaces both polluting Coal AND dangerous nuclear with renewables.
      Every year.

  • by CrtxReavr ( 62039 ) <<moc.mumitpoirt> <ta> <rvaerxtrc>> on Saturday April 15, 2023 @09:44PM (#63452886)

    Because relying on Russian gas is better?

  • by SeaFox ( 739806 ) on Saturday April 15, 2023 @09:58PM (#63452900)

    Reductions in Germany's nuclear energy since Fukushima have been primarily offset by increases in coal, according to research published last year.

    I know it's not Winter anymore so the big Russian natural gas shutoff scare is in their rearview mirrors, but if they can afford to shed generating capacity in the name of being "more green", mothballing the coal plants would be the better move.

    • by techno-vampire ( 666512 ) on Saturday April 15, 2023 @11:07PM (#63452964) Homepage
      it's not Winter anymore so the big Russian natural gas shutoff scare is in their rearview mirrors...

      They may think it is, but it's going to be right in front of them again next Winter if Russia is still mired in Ukraine, or desperate for income because they spent everything they had on a war they couldn't win.
  • by RightwingNutjob ( 1302813 ) on Saturday April 15, 2023 @10:04PM (#63452912)

    All that waste is still splitting its atoms and dumping heat into water...but no longer spinning a turbine.

    Dumbasses. Same retards who drive their electric cars to the protest against new electric transmission lines. One prays to whatever deity one may believe in that there is strong overlap with the voluntary human extinction set among these morons.

  • by oldgraybeard ( 2939809 ) on Saturday April 15, 2023 @10:29PM (#63452928)
    "with renewables, but also gas and coal." Come on? Coal!
  • by armada ( 553343 ) on Saturday April 15, 2023 @10:42PM (#63452942)
    Who knew the French would outsmart ze Germans. They will now have to burn hydrocarbons to make up for power production deficits during shade and lulls.
  • Missed updates: (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Tailhook ( 98486 ) on Saturday April 15, 2023 @11:46PM (#63453004)

    US: Georgia Power's new AP-1000, Vogtle 3, went critical last month [georgiapower.com]. Vogtle 4 will go critical in 2024.
    China has 22 new reactors under construction [world-nuclear.org].

  • Existing, well-functioning nuclear plants being pulled offline in favor of a "future plan" for renewables but which will absolutely include more fossil fuel consumption in the short, medium, and very likely long term as well?

    Sure, makes perfect sense.

  • by Voice of satan ( 1553177 ) on Sunday April 16, 2023 @11:24AM (#63453802)

    In the EU, a new EPR reactor has started normal operation today. 1650 megawatts. One of the most powerful reactors of Europe. It will provide 15% of the electrical needs of Finland. Carbon free !

    And the French are restarting their project of fast neutron reactor, ASTRID. If not sabotaged again by the French left it would provide energy using reserves available for millennia.

    Funnily, the anti-nuclear sentiment is fading in Germany itself. There is a slight majority of Germans who think closing these three reactors was a mistake. Especially in the middle of an energy crisis.

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