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Climate Change Goals Bring New Embrace of Nuclear Power (and Gas in EU) (seattletimes.com) 189

"Lawmakers in the European Union voted to include nuclear power and natural gas in the bloc's list of investments deemed sustainable," reports the Wall Street Journal, in a move the EU hopes leads to greater funding for a transition away from coal: Burning natural gas produces about half the carbon dioxide that is generated by coal, and nuclear-power plants don't produce carbon dioxide when they are operating. But environmentalists, lawmakers and some investors have argued the plan risks diluting investments in other projects such as renewable energy.
More U.S. political leaders are also warming to nuclear power, reports the New York Times, "driven by the difficulty of meeting clean energy goals and by surging electricity demands." The Biden administration has established a $6 billion fund to help troubled nuclear plant operators keep their reactors running and make them more economically competitive against cheaper resources like solar and wind power.... In addition to the $6 billion fund, the administration is providing $2.5 billion for two projects meant to demonstrate new nuclear technology, in Washington State and Wyoming. A separate bipartisan measure introduced last year is aimed at preserving and expanding nuclear energy in the United States. The bill, whose backers include Senators Shelley Moore Capito, Republican of West Virginia, and Cory Booker, Democrat of New Jersey, would provide financial assistance like tax credits, according to the Tax Foundation, a nonprofit tax policy organization....

The rising costs of other sources of power have made nuclear energy more competitive around the world, including in the United States, which has the largest fleet of nuclear plants of any country. They produce about 20 percent of the nation's electricity and 50 percent of the clean energy. The United States maintains 92 reactors, though a dozen have closed over the last decade — including, a month ago, the Palisades Nuclear Generating Station in Michigan, about 55 miles southwest of Grand Rapids.... Industry leaders recognize that the age of new large-scale nuclear plants in the United States has passed, chiefly because of runaway costs... But many in the industry say smaller reactors that can be expanded over time offer promise of avoiding long delays and high cost. These reactors, they say, can be built in factories and delivered to approved sites. And the reactors' high-temperature steam could also yield significant amounts of hydrogen, a carbon-free alternative fuel to natural gas.

The project locations can plan for as many as a dozen units but start with just one. But a plant with 12 units would produce half the electricity or even a little less than many other large nuclear facilities.

None of the smaller reactors have been certified by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which approves licenses and operations of the nation's nuclear power plants. But NuScale Power, a company that designs and markets small reactors in Oregon, expects to receive certification of its design by the end of the summer. A developer then would need approval for a license to build and operate the unit. Thomas Mundy, chief commercial officer for NuScale Power, said his company's product could be built and put into use in about three years, a fraction of the time it takes to build larger reactor units. And the cost, Mr. Mundy said, is competitive with new natural gas facilities at a levelized cost — the electricity price needed to break even at the end of the plant's life — of $45 to $65 a megawatt-hour.

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Climate Change Goals Bring New Embrace of Nuclear Power (and Gas in EU)

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  • If we are pinning our hopes on nuclear we have already lost. Too slow, too expensive, accident waiting to happen.

    Even gas is expensive now. This week off shore wind contracts were sold at auction for one quarter the cost of gas based electricity. One quarter.

    • Re: (Score:2, Flamebait)

      by gweihir ( 88907 )

      My take is that this is just some nuclear assholes trying to get even richer. No nuclear that matters will be built anytime soon in the EU. Far, far too expensive and far, far too slow to establish.

    • Re:Well, shit (Score:4, Insightful)

      by CrimsonAvenger ( 580665 ) on Saturday July 09, 2022 @05:06PM (#62688750)
      Yep. Accident waiting to happen. So far, we've had three nuclear "disasters". Collectively, the three killed almost as many people as die in traffic on any given morning in the US, much less the world.
      • by rsilvergun ( 571051 ) on Saturday July 09, 2022 @10:25PM (#62689280)
        Where corruption led to a massive disaster that caused the city to be evacuated for around 10 years. Worse the CEO who caused it got off scot-free and the public is blaming the engineers who tried to mitigate the disaster. Seriously look it up.

        If I was an engineer and I was paying attention you couldn't pay me enough to work on a nuclear reactor after that. A businessman will come in, cut my budget and then when there's inevitably a disaster shift the blame to me and get out smelling like roses. Meanwhile you have billions of dollars of property damage.

        I'm well aware that the problems with nuclear aren't technical their social but that doesn't mean those problems aren't real. Nerds like to pretend social problems aren't real problems and that we can just tech our way out of everything. Doesn't work that way in the real world..
      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        Tell that to the victims of Fukushima and Chernobyl. They might not be dead, but that doesn't mean they didn't have their lives ruined.

        They are also economic disasters. Japan is still paying for Fukushima, with the cost looking to be around half a trillion Euros/USD. Worse still last month a court ruled that the government's free insurance against this kind of thing is actually worthless as they are not liable, and TEPCO doesn't have the money.

        • A similar point can be made about global warming. Because it is slow onset doesn't make it less of a catastrophe, even though quantifying the damages is less straightforward. Still, I assume everyone agrees that the damages of global warming are significantly more of a concern than those of nuclear catastrophes. So if facing the choice between global warming and nuclear power, well the choice is pretty easy. The question is, is there a viable third option.

          • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

            But that's a false choice. It's actually between nuclear and renewables.

            • Renewables are the third option I am referring to. However it is still unclear to me whether it is viable. What I have read seems to indicate that emissions incurred by renewables are not that great compared to nuclear, but I find it hard to determine what is a reliable source of information on this topic. France wants nuclear, Germany wants gas, some countries are anti-nuclear or pro-nuclear, lots of articles are in fact partisan. If you have information that you find reliable, I am happy to know about it.

            • by stooo ( 2202012 )

              No it's not.
              the only choice is between renewables and more renewables

        • Right, this is all the fault of the meltdown at Fukushima. The tsunami had nothing to do with the trillions of dollars that will be spent on the cleanup.

          Of the hundreds of civil nuclear power reactors in operation all over the world all the anti-science anti-nuclear anti-logic people have against nuclear power are a handful of second generation nuclear power plants to point to as examples of how bad nuclear power must be. That's like saying we should not build new passenger jetliners because the de Havila

      • So far, we've had three nuclear "disasters"

        More than three.

        Collectively, the three killed almost as many people as die in traffic on any given morning in the US, much less the world.

        That's the logic that people playing Russian roulette use to play another round.

      • by swilver ( 617741 )

        Should compare it with gun deaths in the land of the free-to-be-an-idiot, that will stir something up.

    • by Z80a ( 971949 )

      If every nuclear reactor on the world went full chernobyl, with the worst accident numbers given, it would kill as many people as 7 years of coal and oil operating normally.
      It is very slow and expensive to build as a solution for global warming, but it costs nothing to not turn off the existing ones that are still fine, like germany is doing.

    • by hey! ( 33014 )

      Well it's not surprising that gas is expensive, with the world's largest exporter of natural gas embargoed.

      People prefer simple ideas, even if they aren't very good. A more realistic approach to something as big as climate change involves lots of alternatives going forward *in parallel*, including newer, more economically attractive forms of nuclear energy, but also conservation and renewable energy.

    • New nuclear power plants are economically obsolete.
      They cost 4x more per kWh than any other alternative.

  • We seem to alternate to various kinds of power.

    Nuclear is our salvation...until Fukishima or Three Mile Island...

    The "future of power" seems more faddish than factual. :(

    JoshK.

    • I think the main issue with nuclear power is it really should be zoned and regulated up the wazoo, which has significant ongoing costs that is anathema to people of a certain political bent. Who, I might mention, also seem to believe wind and solar power were directly inspired by Satan.

      • Indeed. Technology has progressed since Three Mile Island and the movie "The China Syndrome."

        JoshK.

  • by Maxo-Texas ( 864189 ) on Saturday July 09, 2022 @04:15PM (#62688634)

    A ton of methane is dumped in the process of natural gas production and natural gas produces CO2.

    One of the few good things to come out of the Russian invasion of Ukraine is the fact that it will accelerate the move off of fossil fuels.

    Sad thing is, I have thought for 8 years that it was too late. And current CO2 release (over 40 gigatons per year) is now 16 gigatons per year over what the promised/projected release levels were back then (we were going to supposedly be down to 24 gigatons).

    5C is *baked* in at this point. The rain bands will move away from current croplands. Large regions will become essentially uninhabitable as the wet bulb temperature goes over 35C. The coastal cities will be flooded. There will be large forced migration/displacement of people all over the world. Many tropical diseases and insects will spread up to between 50 and 60 degrees lattitude. And the permafrost will melt.

    And if the locked up methane starts to sublimate, then things get bad.

    • Add to that that while natural gas emits less CO2 when burnt, when transported as liquefied over an ocean and counting the whole supply chain, it is reportedly in the same emission ballpark as if we burned coal directly. (Jean Baptiste Fressoz mentioned it in an interview, no other sources as of now)

      > 5C is *baked* in at this point.

      I thought 3C was still physically possible, if we crashed the global economy within 10 years...

    • Ukraine found huge natural gas reserves in the Donbas. They gave Shell the contract to exploit the gas. Once that came online it would have replaced Russian gas with lower transit costs to Europe. Russia invaded to stop that. Europe is supporting Ukraine so that it can get that gas for cheap ( or free as repayment for Lend Lease). Noone is actually planning to move away from gas. ts just about who sells it and and at what price.
  • by MacMann ( 7518492 ) on Saturday July 09, 2022 @04:21PM (#62688642)

    Nuclear power and natural gas as energy sources to lower CO2 emissions are not new. The United Kingdom department of energy hired Dr. David MacKay to do a study on what options they had for energy. From that study came a number of presentations, interviews, and a book, all of which were readily available to anyone looking.

    Book: http://www.withouthotair.com/ [withouthotair.com]
    Interview (which is quite short): https://www.theguardian.com/en... [theguardian.com]
    TED Talk: https://www.ted.com/talks/davi... [ted.com]

    Dr. MacKay went through the numbers on our energy options in a way that anyone with a high school education should be able to understand. We are not going to get enough energy without nuclear fission as an energy source. There may be a handful of exceptions but even then these nations would want to develop nuclear power for military defense, civil cargo ships, and space exploration.

    Every nation has had access to these studies, not just those created by Dr. MacKay, that tell them that nuclear fission and natural gas would lower CO2 emissions while lowering energy costs. The EU has been avoiding these clear facts for far too long. Now that they recognize the uncomfortable truth means we may finally see real and sustained gains on improving human civilization and protections of the natural environment.

    • Orbital solar mirrors could work. Unlike fusion sources, which some propose, it requires engineering rather than new physics. NASA has been studying this and doing small scale, pilot projects for years, and it does seem feasible. The idea of using a stable, already exising fusion generator does upset advocates of developing fusion poer on earth, but they've been trying a long time with very little sign of producing any working systems.

      • by vivian ( 156520 )

        There's no way to scale it economically. With Falcon, launch costs are about $2400/kg and satellite solar panels work out to about 20kg / kW so for launch costs alone you are looking at $4800 / kW or about 48 Billion / GW. With starship, that might be $100/kg, or $2B per GW which looks a lot better, but this is only considering launch cost, not the rest of the plant, and not including ground stations to receive the power, or the fact that these are going to need to be refuelled or replaced often if in low e

        • The traditional idea is to mine the moon and near-Earth asteroids with low delta v requirements so as to not have to obtain materials or fuel (even if for fairly inefficient aluminum-oxygen rockets) from Earth, and to build and assemble as much as possible purely in space.

          Photovoltaic panels are probably a long way off, but aluminum mirrors concentrating light on a small boiler that is built and launched from Earth, and the structure to keep it all connected, would be more plausible.

          But it would take a long

          • Solar sails can provide arbitrary amounts of delta V. The plentiful water for other space projects could, in theory fund other projects like solar mirrors. The very low thrust of solar sails is offset by the free fuel and the constant propulsion of solar wind and light pressure. There is effective ongoing research in progress:

            https://www.nasa.gov/press-rel... [nasa.gov]

            It's not particularly suitable for short-term, manned missions, but for longer term missions like asteroid mining or retr

        • The start-up costs for solar mirrors are large. Expect launch costs/kg to drop as the number of launches increase. And if solar sails continue to advance, they can be used to bring in asteroids or ring material from gas giants such as Jupiter to provide bulk metals and most especially, water. The solar mirrors do not require near as much up front investment in new technology or facilities as numerous fission plants, or most especially fusion power.

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      You really need to find a new source. McKay has been widely and repeatedly debunked, and being dead is now unable to respond to criticism.

      In any case, European nuclear is not going to work. Currently in France 50% of reactors are offline, and even on a good day their capacity factor rarely gets above 70%. It's actually quite comparable to offshore wind, only less predictable because you can't forecast nuclear reactor failures as well as you can forecast the weather.

      Plus, we can't afford it.

      • by stooo ( 2202012 )

        Obsolete numbers.
        Cost for new nuclear plants went up 200% since those figures.

    • No they aren't. They are appeasing the nuclear lobby making use of the gas problems.

      If they'd read their studies they'd see nuclear is a hinderance, not a solution to the "Climate change goals". It's a long term good thing to invest in, but not a solution that has even the tiniest impact on our CO2 ambitions.

      There are two goals. One sub 20 years, the other in 28. It is completely impossible to have a single nuclear power project go live before the first goal, and the second goal assumes a steady ramp down i

    • by Uecker ( 1842596 )

      Wasn't MacKay they guy that computed that you would need more land for solar and wind to power the UK than the size of the UK?

      But look, Germany already produces 16% of its primary energy (and ca. 50% of electricity) using renewables with just a tiny fraction of the land used. So something was off...

  • Its what Roger Pielke calls the Iron Law. When faced with the real world consequences of their emission reduction policies on jobs, welfare, cost of living, governments will blink.

    What we see here is the EU starting to reverse. The last thing to go will be the top line story. So there will still be lots of statements that global warming is the greatest threat to humanity since.... And they will still publicly continue to claim that moving to wind and solar and electrifying everything will both be possib

    • In the climate case, maybe nuclear and gas are really much greener than we had thought. Maybe trying to scare everyone with prophecies of imminent doom isn't all that smart, isn't doing what we hoped it would.

      Eventually it dies down, but the remarkable thing is that the belief of the followers does not fade, it intensifies. They become more vituperative, more devout believers, more extreme. Their denunciations of the unfaithful increase in intensity. Their behavior becomes more and more erratic.

      And so we have the Branch Dravidians, or Extinction Rebellion gluing themselves to railings, trains or paintings. Blocking highwys, picketing gas stations.

      It will die out in the end, but more slowly, painfully and violently than one might have expected. And the rule is, stay out of the way of those who have come down from the mountain the morning after, not having been Raptured. They will be looking for someone to take it out on. Don't let it be you.

      ^ VERY Insightful

  • by thegarbz ( 1787294 ) on Sunday July 10, 2022 @05:58AM (#62689864)

    There are no current climate change goals within EU policy that nuclear power could possibly contribute to. The first set of goals are due before we would even get a single plant powered up (if we signed agreements to start building nuclear plants today). The second goal would be impacted but ... critically all climate goals assume a model of a steady ramp down in emissions to the goal point, not turning on a magic wundermachine the day before we're supposed to be CO2 neutral. As a result the 2050 goals would suddenly look like 2036, and the 2035 goals more like 2029. To say nothing of the wundermachine contributing a shitton of CO2 emissions during construction that will take a couple of years to offset itself.

    We should absolutely build nuclear plants.

    We should absolutely ignore nuclear plants when talking about our CO2 ambitions and goals as its is yet another distraction contributing to yet another missed deadline.

    • by Wolfier ( 94144 )
      Isn't nuclear the only solution where emission is low, and with enough energy density to sustain energy usage without making its people change their lifestyle. If the immediate goal is lower greenhouse gases, counting out nuclear is just moving the goalposts.
      • The fundamental issue is nuclear cannot be an immediate goal since there's nothing immediate about it. We simply cannot build it in time.

        Analogy: You're standing on a train track and there's an oncoming train. Do you
        a) hope that the government will enact a project for analysing and rerouting the train tracks around you, award the civil contract, and execute the works to move the train tracks so the train doesn't hit you all within the next 15 seconds.
        b) realise that there's nothing you can do to reroute sai

  • Gas is better than nuclear.

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