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Can We Beat the Housing Crisis By 3D-Printing Homes? (msn.com) 160

"As housing prices across the country continue to skyrocket, an Iowa-based company, Alquist 3D, is looking to combat the crisis by 3D-printing homes," reports NexStar Media: Alquist, one of a few U.S. companies that 3D-prints houses, is looking to build 200 of these homes in Virginia starting this summer.

The process is somewhat simple. First, a person designs what they want the frame of the house to look like by using a computer program. Then, a file is transmitted to a machine, which tells it what to do and how to move. On-site workers pour in cement material, then the concrete is pumped through the tubes and dispersed in layers...

Zachary Mannheimer, founder and CEO of Alquist 3D, believes 3D-printing is a game changer because it cuts costs up to 15% by scaling back labor, materials, and time. He does understand that there are concerns about displacing traditional construction jobs, and some environmental impacts of this method, but he says he is working to attack those issues.

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Can We Beat the Housing Crisis By 3D-Printing Homes?

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  • The housing market is widely believed to be in a bubble. Give it until this massive recession hits in a year or so and you will see home prices drop instead of increase.

    • by peragrin ( 659227 ) on Monday April 25, 2022 @09:42AM (#62476356)

      Not really. The housing market is short 1-3 million new homes. While rising interest rates may affect it slightly. The reality is mortgage interest rates diverged from federal rates a decade ago and the two have nothing to do with each other now.

      Same with credit card rates. You used to be a good payer they would lower your rate. Now they just give you more credit while mainting the rate.

      A decade of stupdily low rates has screwed up all the bubble calculations. Doesnt mean bubbles arent forming. However the talk and fear of bubbles forming will keep them from doing much.

      • Bullshit.

        There are 15 million vacant homes [stlouisfed.org] in the US right now. We are NOT short housing.

        You can argue that we're short housing in a handful of hot market areas, but that's about it. Across the US there are more vacant homes than there are homeless people.

        With the shift to remote work looking pretty permanent for a lot of companies, I expect that our localized housing issues, either excess or deficit, will start to balance out. If you can work remotely for $100k a year, a $75k house in a Detroit suburb that

        • by Ksevio ( 865461 )

          That's the point though, we're short housing in the places people want to live. Sure you can buy cheap houses in bumfuck Nebraska, but people want to live in nice places where there's stuff to do. Even working remotely there're still other factors like education, crime, local services, and of course people want to live near people they know.

        • For all the sturm and drang about "not being short on housing" the vacancy rate is as low as its been since 2003 and on a downward trend since about 2011. I'd love to see that graph starting in 1950.

          It might just be that 15 million vacant homes actually is a low(er) water mark on a national level which exposes how acute the shortage really is on some local levels. It's also pretty divorced from housing trends, too. Just because you have empty homes in some aging second-ring suburb, it's not going to addr

          • by sjames ( 1099 )

            And yet I get 2 or 3 cold calls a week wanting to buy my house. Yes, cold calls. I am not interested in selling. I have not shown any interest in selling.

      • Rates are trending pretty closely at the moment. They've gone up over a percentage point in just the last couple months.

    • by DarkOx ( 621550 )

      It really depends on the problem. Prices WILL come down as rates go up. That is a certainty; at least for the middle market single family segment.

      That market is large enough that even industrial cash buyers can't snap them all up and turn them into rentals. I expect there will be a lot less movement in lower income single family and multi-dwellings because real-estate investors probably can will continue to snap up all the inventory for conversion to rentals. A lot of the investor market is pretty cash flu

      • Beyond all this, remember that investors are "cash flush" because the US effectively printed giant sums of money during covid, and frankly the amount of free money floating around was increasing before covid just due to tax cuts. The fed will attempt to pull some of that money back out of the system over the next few years, but that could easily miss the housing market and come out of equities instead. I wouldn't say there's any fundamental reason to think that housing will drop in the near term, even as

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      We have been through many recessions since the 1970s, but house prices have continues to rise, both adjusted for inflation and in relation to income.

      Recessions have a temporary damping effect at best, they don't return property prices to sane levels.

    • by Rhipf ( 525263 ) on Monday April 25, 2022 @10:55AM (#62476672)

      I have been hearing that the high cost of housing is just a bubble problem for ~20 years now. At some point the bubble becomes the norm.

    • I've heard this story before, last year, and the year before, and the year before that, and the year before that.

  • No (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward on Monday April 25, 2022 @07:40AM (#62475994)

    To stop the housing crisis we need to:

    1. Ban BlackRock, Blackstone and Vanguard from buying up available houses.
    2. Ban AirBNB.

    • by Revek ( 133289 )
      All out of mod points and someone points out a way forward.
    • To stop the housing "crisis", we need to stop printing money whenever we want to buy something we can't afford (which means we'll have to raise taxes to match government spending instead of just "increasing the money supply").

    • Re:No (Score:4, Insightful)

      by Junta ( 36770 ) on Monday April 25, 2022 @08:56AM (#62476222)

      As an example, in my area, I did a quick check and there about about 3x as many rentals listed as for sale. Further, I clicked on the top 3 rental results, and all were sold in the last 6 months prior to becoming rentals. People seeking to be homeowners are caught up in rich organizations trying to own all the housing.

      • As an example, in my area, I did a quick check and there about about 3x as many rentals listed as for sale.

        While the second half of your post is quite relevant this first half is not. A large portion of the rise of rentals is due to the impossibility of actually owning a house. When people can't afford a house it stands to reason that there would be a large rental market instead as it is the short term cheaper and more available option.

        • by Junta ( 36770 )

          The short list of 'for sale' means they don't last on the market before being bought. Having more rentals available on the market does not mean that people are renting because of the home ownership, it means that properties aren't finding tenants as quickly as homes are seeing purchases. Given that usually you'd expect the opposite, that a lease seeking person is easier to get going than to find someone willing to commit to a purchase, I think it is relevant to show the relative difficulty of finding a re

    • 3. End Buy-to-let schemes.

    • by dbialac ( 320955 )
      Much of my small community, a touristy area, is being turned into AirBNB. The city council was recently surprised that this was happening. Apparently they've spent too much time with their head in the sand. A community nearby was busy smelling their own farts over how wonderful they were in giving home owners this new source of money while competing with hotels when AirBNB came to town. Now they're wondering why there are no rooms for rent anymore and apartment rents are skyrocketing. Lesson: new things are
    • by mark-t ( 151149 )

      I understand where you are coming from on point 2, but the problem with doing that is that an otherwise effective blanket prohibition on what AirBnB provides might also negatively impact *ACTUAL* B&B places.

  • by TuballoyThunder ( 534063 ) on Monday April 25, 2022 @07:42AM (#62475998)
    Zoning and infrastructure is likely the limiting factor.
    • by thegarbz ( 1787294 ) on Monday April 25, 2022 @07:50AM (#62476024)

      Not only. It's *all* limiting right now. You can zone a house but if you can't find someone to build it, an electrician to wire it, a plumber to install your ceramic throne then you're still left without a place to live.

      • The pro-nuclear crowd here on /. wants to blame the nefarious "them" for the industry's woes, but it's really this.

        Go to a large contracting firm and ask them to lock up their company for 10 years to make a paltry profit. They'll tell you to take a leap while putting up condos in a year that have the same ROI. This boom isn't going to last forever, they're going to take profit while they can. Good luck competing with that.

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      Also buy-to-let (not sure what you call it in the US, people buying property to rent it out as a source of income).

      People wanting to actually live in those homes are at a disadvantage. They need a mortgage, and the bank has to agree with the valuation of the property. Much easier to sell to a cash buyer who will rent it out, or who can get a much smaller mortgage with the rental income used to justify the valuation.

    • Zoning and infrastructure is likely the limiting factor.

      I'd add land prices. It's great to cut construction costs 15%, but if land costs are a significant part of the price then that will not make much of a dent in availability. Once an area has little available land to build on it becomes the limiting feature. What would likely happen, if someone built such homes and sold them for less than the going rate is people would snatch them up and resale prices would rise to their actual value based on comparables.

    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        3D printed houses will have the same big disadvantage as brick houses - it's much harder to modernize and retrofit them. Right now the UK needs to transition to heat pumps, away from gas heating, but the brick housing stock makes it much harder than it would be with a steel/wood framed building.

        • Err no not in the slightest. It's basically just as difficult to retrofit high grade insulation into a timber / drywall house as it is a brick house. One way or the other you'll be destroying a large part of it or building internal fake walls to accommodate it.

          But you do raise another point. 3D printed houses are generally made of some structural cement or concrete. It's not a good insulator and even where concrete is used in modern construction it is typically combined with some form of insulation. There a

    • Especially in high density areas where people do not necessary want more people packed into a small area. Counties like the US has plenty of land to build affordable houses if you do not mind living away from other people which has many disadvantages.
  • by JoshuaZ ( 1134087 ) on Monday April 25, 2022 @07:43AM (#62476000) Homepage
    The way to beat the housing crisis is to allow more housing. The problem isn't technological but regulatory. It is incredibly hard to build more housing in the US. Zoning restrictions along with strict building codes make it extremely difficult to build new housing or build new housing at any reasonable density. People love the Boston style Brownstones for example, but it is illegal throughout Boston and its suburbs to build anything that dense now. And in some places, NIMBY groups oppose even the smallest of constructions. And this is impacting not just housing. In New York City, due to the floor-area ratio rules https://www.planning.org/pas/reports/report111.htm [planning.org] it is impossible to build new skyscrapers unless the surrounding area has very short buildings. This sort of anti-building, anti-growth attitude is also causing large-scale environmental harm, like how in Maine, NIMBY groups blocked the construction of new electric lines to move hydroelectric power from Canada into New England. In many different respects, the US is systematically not allowing people to build like we used to build. It isn't a coincidence that many other parts of the world don't have these problems. For example, Japan has much denser housing in many places and yet housing remains cheaper there.
    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      The UK actually has enough housing. It's just that a lot of it is in areas where there are few opportunities and little work, and much of it is in a state of disrepair. Most houses have poor energy efficiency. The new ones being built are low quality and overpriced.

      Because most houses are joined to others (semi-detached or terrace) and made of brick it's not easy to modernise or replace them either.

      • "Most houses have poor energy efficiency"

        I lived in Ireland for a year back in the day. My rental was built in the 1970s.

        I was sitting there one night and wondering why it was so cold. I looked around and noticed that the drapes on the window were blowing about.

        The window was closed.

        I then took a more careful look at the place. The windows were all single-pane. There was no insulation anywhere, even the attic. There was no form of weather sealing anywhere - you could see the lights of cars passing by throug

    • "The way to beat the housing crisis is to allow more housing. The problem isn't technological but regulatory. It is incredibly hard to build more housing in the US. Zoning restrictions along with strict building codes make it extremely difficult to build new housing or build new housing at any reasonable density. "

      This is the US-centric view that every problem is due to the gubbermint. It's a lazy argument used for every problem.

      If this were actually the problem, then jurisdictions with more liberal zoning

      • Yet housing in the Toronto area is more expensive than LA, for instance.

        Toronto is about 4000 people per a km^2. https://worldpopulationreview.com/canadian-cities/toronto-population [worldpopul...review.com]. LA is actually less dense. https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/los-angeles-ca-population [worldpopul...review.com], which contributes to that difference. Also, density and building isn't the only issue. But it is a major part of the issue and in this context, for many places the biggest part. It is also worth keeping in mind that populations are influenced by what happens in nearby areas. If there's not enough housi

      • by skam240 ( 789197 )

        This is the US-centric view that every problem is due to the gubbermint. It's a lazy argument used for every problem.

        And your post is a lazy "America is right wing so obviously any complaints about government are nonsense"

        If this were actually the problem, then jurisdictions with more liberal zoning laws would have cheaper housing.

        And that's the case, hence places like Texas seeing large influxes of out of staters. I'm a million miles from the type of person who blames government for every little thing but sometimes government doesnt do a good job. In this case the parent is spot on, there is a significant and growing problem with local zoning laws in the US creating a housing shortage. I see it right where I live.

    • Wait. New York City is one of the more densely packed cities in the US and you think the issue is regulation to limit the density. The problem is not the fact that increasing the already large population in a small area is going to cause major issues.
  • by raynet ( 51803 ) on Monday April 25, 2022 @07:43AM (#62476004) Homepage

    Sadly these 3d printer houses usually only print the walls, often requiring finishing work. All the cabling, plumbing etc still needs to be done by humans, so in the end the savings aren't that great. Cheaper to build modular homes in a factory and ship them in ready to use modules that just need to be joined and sealed.

    • "Cheaper to build modular homes in a factory and ship them in ready to use modules that just need to be joined and sealed."

      Is it though? If it is, why are they so rare?

      I pass dozens of new subdivisions in my area on a daily basis (yes, dozens), not one is using factory construction.

      • I have seen most of them used as second homes and cottages. I even rented one for a vacation one time and it was very nice.

  • by thegarbz ( 1787294 ) on Monday April 25, 2022 @07:49AM (#62476018)

    It's like saying can we build more cars by 3D printing the steering-wheel. There's a lot of parts involved in housing beyond putting up a few walls.
    - Location
    - Infrastructure at the location
    - Utilities external to construction
    - Utilities internal to construction (it's hard to get electricians, plumbers, or heating system installers right now)
    - Wide social capacity (so you build new houses, don't forget to build schools, zone in additional shops etc).

    The walls of the house aren't what is causing the affordability or availability crisis.

  • Simple (Score:5, Funny)

    by Ol Olsoc ( 1175323 ) on Monday April 25, 2022 @08:08AM (#62476070)
    3D printing houses? As long as we use blockchain and crypto in the process, it could work.
  • No (Score:5, Interesting)

    by DrXym ( 126579 ) on Monday April 25, 2022 @08:23AM (#62476112)
    Putting up the walls is only 10% of the effort of a build. The other 90% is the foundation, wiring, plumbing, drainage, damp course, insulation, roof, render, windows, plasterboard, lights, fittings etc. In addition 3d printing kind of sucks the higher up you go - there is a reason most demonstrations of it are only single story buildings.

    So no, 3d printing won't solve a housing crisis. It might be slightly faster than (some) forms of construction but it's not some panacea or solution to housing problems. In fact to solve such a crisis it would probably be relieved by some proper urban planning - high density units like flats, condos & high rises instead of a sprawl of suburban properties.

    • There is also a question of how durable in the long term the 3D-printed house components are. When it comes to any construction work, compressive strenght and tensile strenght of used materials are a critical factor, and a new manufacturing technology may mean a completely different distribution of forces inside a component, affecting the durability as well as safety of the building.

    • ...it would probably be relieved by some proper urban planning - high density units like flats, condos & high rises instead of a sprawl of suburban properties.

      Geez, who the fuck wants to live like that...stacked up on each other like rats, sharing walls, with no private yards with room for veggie gardens, smokers/grills, off road sheltered parking, etc....?

      If you want that, go live in an urban city, but don't try to force that on everyone.

      Ugh, I can't stand to share walls with people.

  • Can We Beat the Housing Crisis By 3D-Printing Homes?

    I'm sure we could, theoretically, but I also know that politicians everywhere are working hard to prevent it in order to keep housing prices sky high and thereby also property taxes and the profits of their political donors in the hopelessly corrupt real estate industry.

    • See Austin, my value went up 60% this year, so for the next 6 years minimum (assuming no further increases) the assessed value will increase 10%/year. Council is probably having daily orgies deciding what to do with all the money they have coming down the pike.
  • No (Score:4, Informative)

    by fbobraga ( 1612783 ) on Monday April 25, 2022 @08:47AM (#62476194) Homepage
    Next question
  • by Junta ( 36770 ) on Monday April 25, 2022 @08:53AM (#62476206)

    Prefab housing has been a thing for a long time, housing doesn't really need/benefit from '3d printing' especially. Housing already is friendly toward existing manufacturing technology.

  • No, of course not (Score:2, Interesting)

    by dskoll ( 99328 )

    The actual cost of a house in terms of materials and labor is not a huge factor in the selling price.

    The only way to reduce home prices is (duh...) to lower property values with things like mixed denser developments and ending the subsidies on money-draining car-dependent suburbs. Since homeowners form a large and motivated voting bloc, they will fight tooth and nail against anything that lets their kids actually afford to buy a house. It's all about greed and "I've got mine, so screw you."

    • The only way to reduce home prices is (duh...) to lower property values with things like mixed denser developments...

      Yeah, the increase in CRIME that mixed denser housing brings into an area also really helps the property values to plummet, because, who the hell wants to live there then?

      • by dskoll ( 99328 )

        Maybe in the US that's a problem, but European cities have a long record of dense mixed-use areas without any crime problems. Amsterdam, for example, manages to be a compact, dense city that's nevertheless way more livable than almost any place in North America.

        • by skam240 ( 789197 )

          To be fair petty theft is pretty horrible In Amsterdam. I visited some time ago and on a regular basis I'd see flat bed boats moving through the canals piled high with stolen bikes that had been ditched in the canals. Several times I even had people walking down the street try to sell me the bike they were walking with on the cheap. Pretty certain they were stolen.

          This is why despite bike riding being a big deal over there no one owns nice geared bikes. It's all cheap ass cruisers because who's going to spe

        • Maybe in the US that's a problem, but European cities have a long record of dense mixed-use areas without any crime problems. Amsterdam, for example, manages to be a compact, dense city that's nevertheless way more livable than almost any place in North America.

          It absolutely IS the way it is in the US.

          I would think one of the main differences in Europe, Amsterdam for instance, would be that is it a smaller populace that is far more homogeneous than most places in the US.

          That tends to make a difference.

  • Zoning is the issue (Score:2, Interesting)

    by bradley13 ( 1118935 )

    In places where housing is expensive, it is mostly due to zoning. Places with strong restrictions on building hav higher prices. Let developers build more - lots more-housing, and it will also kill the interest of the big companies buying up scarce housing.

    Of course, those big companies donate heavily to the politicians who would have to change the zoning laws, so...

  • by Hanseat ( 9693174 ) on Monday April 25, 2022 @09:10AM (#62476254)
    3D printing is exciting technology, but for building homes it does not live up to the hype IMHO. Take a closer look at so-called 3D-printed houses, and you'll see that with today's technology, 3D printing only covers what is called framing in conventional construction in a typical North American home - and it doesn't even include floors. Just the core of the upright walls, nothing else gets 3D printed. Everything else is still conventional: foundation, floors, roof structure and shingles, inside wall finish, siding, windows, doors, flooring or carpeting, plumbing, showers and bathtubs, lighting, electricals, kitchens, heating and air conditioning ducting and controls. And what is 3D printed, is done in concrete, with plenty of heat bridges on the inside. This may provide better insulation than walls of poured concrete, but it's difficult to get to the excellent insulation of a modern wood-framed wall. Not to mention that wood is a carbon sink, whereas concrete has a big carbon footprint because of the way cement is produced.
  • 3D printing structure - finish by “others” that people like where its development is located, landscaped and its humanscaped for living .vs. housing.

  • 3D printing makes only a tiny part of a house build faster (maybe). The majority of a house build time and cost are not the walls. So this might provide a small overall reduction, certainly not significant enough to have any real impact.
  • You misspelled "Bubble".

  • As others have already commented, only about 10% of the effort of a house is in the wall construction. And that's probably less than 10% of the time - the finish work, electricals, plumbing, foundation, etc are all MORE time and MORE cost.

    Honestly, a far bigger benefit to fast home construction would be a hard push into modularization, and better prefabs. Being able to build standardized wall panels in factory has multiple advantages - volume, repetition, automation, and controlled environment. Then 'con

  • Wood frame houses get destroyed like a house of cards so a 3D printed house made from portland cement should be much stronger, hopefully a tornado proof or tornado resistant house will take over the market in my locale
  • SEO baby! OOOOH! "3D printing"!

    BTW the so-called "crisis" is exclusively local and purely a matter of gold rush mentality. Everyone wants to live in places already occupied by property owners. They rage if their option to live elsewhere is pointed out so that's pointless.

    There are other places to live and there are other jobs. Most humans however specialized their intelligence have the terrible flaw of being silly so they make silly choices. Wise humans profit from their lusts. There is no way to reach them

  • There are already plenty of homes for everyone in the US that just need to be fixed up
    • Yeahâ¦right

      I seen plenty of old houses that were dilapidated old shanties that should be knocked down and hauled to the dump, they were decent houses back in the 1960â(TM)s but not anymore
  • ::SLAP::

      What we need is to fix the *system* that allows land barons to buy up huge tracts of land and build giant "condos" made of the cheapest materials possible while charging cartoonish level high prices. And we need to end the whole "speculation" game too.

      This pie in the sky adolecent thinking involving 3D printing and such is complete nonsense.

      Grow the fuck up.

  • It can hardly get worse.
  • the problem is nobody wants to build anything but luxury homes because the profit margins on them are so much better. Also cash buyers (read: mega corporations) are buying up all the existing inventory in any city that has jobs so they can do rent seeking and soak us all with high rent.

    The way this was solved (back when the boomers were buying homes) was the gov't moved in and subsidized homebuilding with low interest loans structured so they could only be used for affordable housing as well as zoning l
  • Being able to shave a bit off construction costs is unlikely to hurt; but even if we had some sort of mythical matter-compiler that could just fabricate the house out of locally available atoms for a pittance in electricity I suspect that we'd still have a 'housing crisis' so long as we continue to try to make houses do two more or less incompatible things:

    If you want home ownership to be a glorious wealth-building investment you can't really escape from the requirement that housing prices must go up; if
    • A house is only an investment if you're not living in it. If you are, you can't afford to sell it, or you're going to have to move to a place that isn't as good or as convenient.

      The winning strategy, under the circumstances, is to make sure that the value of your house does not go up. If it does, you're paying higher taxes. You never really "own" your house. You rent it from the government.

  • "He does understand that there are concerns about displacing traditional construction jobs, and some environmental impacts of this method, but he says he is working to attack those issues. "

    It will be the Whip-maker solution again.
    What is that, you ask.
    Exactly!

  • 3D printed houses are the concrete parts, prefab concrete slabs are just as quick and cheap ... the rest is built exactly the same way as normal

  • by WierdUncle ( 6807634 ) on Monday April 25, 2022 @12:27PM (#62477160)

    In the UK at least, the main cost of a house is the land, regardless of what you build on it. Land in sought-after locations is more expensive than land in less popular locations. The cost of actually constructing a house has relatively little effect on the price of the house.

    There is the problem that because land is generally an appreciating asset, it often pays developers to own land, but not develop it. This is termed "land banking". Similar things happen when a developer builds an apartment or office block, then leaves it empty, because it earns money anyway, even without any tenants paying rent. If you rent the property out, you then incur maintenance costs. I believe there is quite a lot of expensive property in London like that.

    The main political problem with tackling house price inflation is that existing home owners treat their homes as financial assets, so any attempt to drive down house prices generally will be met with fierce resistance. In addition, many home owners have borrowed heavily to finance their purchase, so a falling asset price would leave them with a debt that is increasingly difficult to service. I imagine falling house prices would make mortgage lenders nervous, because of reduced security. If the lender did decide to foreclose, they would not get their money back.

    Though there is regulatory pressure to coerce developers to build affordable housing, along with more expensive neighbourhoods, there is a fear among existing residents that this might drive down property prices in the area, so they don't want it where they are.

  • so where are you going to build this

  • There is no housing crisis. For example, in California, the official shortfall in housing units is approximately equal to the number of illegal aliens in the state.

    Meanwhile, regulatory requirements are a huge burden on the cost of a house, up to 20-30%, and legislators keep adding more burdens, not to mention property taxes that have to be paid in addition to mortgages. Nevertheless, houses fall apart in 30 years, because none of these regulatory requirements has to do with actual quality.

  • by tiananmen tank man ( 979067 ) on Monday April 25, 2022 @12:50PM (#62477300)

    When I look at property assessment reports in my area, Vancouver Canada, the majority of the home value is the land.

  • You think this is cool right now. But your owners, in league with the housing industry and construction worker unions (something for both!) will at some point launch memes as to problems with printing houses.

    Then, useful idiots will pick up on this fraud and promote it. Then, yokels around here will state how evil it is.

    Such is life. Enjoy it as cool for now.

    Think I am kidding? Nuclear power, genetic engineering of food, fake boobs, many others. Someone can make a profit destroying, destroying, destroy

  • Or even the ability to build them to code.

    The problem is zoning and other political opposition.

    And simple 3D printing costs are misleading.

    Yeah, you can print the SHELL of a building.}

    Insulation, wiring, plumbing, glazing, weatherproofing, etc? That's where the real costs lie.

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