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AI Robotics

Is It Time for Baseball to Adopt Robot Umpires? (msn.com) 100

The case for robot umpires in baseball got some new interest this week — especially for Silicon Valley's baseball fans. As America settled in to watch the final inning of this year's National League Division Series, the Washington Post reports that (human) viewers saw a (human) umpire "call a third strike on a checked swing by San Francisco Giants infielder Wilmer Flores...ending the night, and season, of MLB's best team of 2021." (Though instead of swinging "Flores clearly appeared to hold up.")

But the backlash raises the question of whether a so-called robo-umpire — essentially, a set of highly placed and well-programmed cameras — could have automatically adjudicated the checked swing...

It's not a hypothetical question: MLB is in the middle of a three-year partnership with the independent Atlantic League for just such a robo-umpire, a system called Automatic Balls and Strikes (ABS), that this past season rendered a home-plate umpire moot for his most important job. MLB hasn't given a timetable for when the system could reach the big leagues, but it's clearly a trial balloon. ABS is overseen by TrackMan, a Denmark-based start-up that began by helping golfers with their swing and then expanded to baseball before broadening again to auto-officiating responsibilities. Under their ABS system, players are measured for a strike zone before the season, with their info then fed into the machine. Then, during the game, the company's sensor in the stands behind home plate uses Doppler technology to determine where the ball is thrown and where it should have been thrown based on the player's strike zone. The sensor then relays the call to, well, whoever wants to hear it. In the case of the Atlantic League, this is an actual umpire behind the plate who, in an ironic reversal, is a human who simply does what the machine tells him to do and announces the call.

The system is not being used for checked swings, but the technology is equally applicable; it makes little difference whether a ball is crossing the plate in one direction or a bat crosses it the other way...

But accuracy is only part of the equation. Presumably TrackMan could have made the right call — but what effect would such automation have on us socially? An argument can be made that it would increase consumer confidence and eliminate discord; an equal argument could be made the other way, that subjectivity is what makes the public realm, or at least baseball, a dynamic and interesting place.

The Flores checked swing, in other words, gets at the question that stretches across much of innovation: Just because we could, does that mean we should?

"Some fans have questioned whether judgment calls are part of the fun of baseball and a legalistic rendering is contrary to the spirit of the game," the article points out. And another issue: currently catchers will sometimes even move their glove with the caught ball so it looks like it passed through the strike zone when it didn't. (Or, as Deadspin puts it, "It's lying about where the pitch came in to fool the umpire into giving your team a strike when he shouldn't have." Though they call it "a beautiful art that defines the catcher position... and it will be rendered useless by the emergence of robot umpires.")

Deadspin tracked down the President of TrackMan Baseball, who said that after an entire season of use in the Atlantic league, "Our system was accurate to about a half-inch, and we do this at hundreds of baseball stadiums every single day." But Deadspin worries that if it's actually implemented in Major League Baseball stadium, then pitchers would be afraid to throw borderline pitches, and would be forced to throw more balls over the plate. While endless hits and home runs might sound exciting, it would only lengthen an already slow sport, and the high that comes from witnessing incredible offensive feats would slowly fade as they would become more commonplace.
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Is It Time for Baseball to Adopt Robot Umpires?

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  • And meanwhile, Bloomberg reports that Major League Baseball is already conducting additional experiments in the Atlantic league -- like moving the pitching rubber back by a foot -- in its ongoing efforts to test "ways to fix baseball's boredom problem." [bloombergquint.com]
    • by msauve ( 701917 ) on Saturday October 16, 2021 @08:52PM (#61899247)
      Why is boredom a problem? The best use of baseball is as something to put you to sleep for a nap. Don't ruin it.
      • Watching an opera too exciting for you and keeping you awake? Golf puts you to sleep for the rest of the day instead of a nice short nap?

        We've got just the thing for you! Baseball! It's almost as boring as golf, but not quite! Guaranteed to let you spend the afternoon snoozing!

      • by vlad30 ( 44644 )
        Seriously who watches sport anymore between the players crappy antics off-field the feeling the games are rigged or set up for the sponsors, most of the fun has disappeared by the fact you can get a team that is so much better than other teams, personally I prefer to play sports with my kids and friends than sit around and watch "professional sports"
    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by Aighearach ( 97333 )

      One of many bigger problems is that people who enjoy the slow pace of the game are not interested in watching guys with a mouth full of tobacco.

      The sport has a major culture problem that is a turnoff to the type of fans who would otherwise like the sport these days. Almost nobody else in society uses chewing tobacco, it is a weird and gross thing for them to be doing during their work hours.

      • If you are "turned off" by witnessing someone elses consumption of natural products... then the problem you are having isnt baseballs culture, its yours.
        • It's not natural, it's highly processed and adulterated, and when it WAS natural people chewed a plug, not a pinch; they stuffed a pinch, not a pouch. But who gives a fuck if it's natural or not? What's relevant is that it was disgusting then, and it's disgusting now, if you know anything about it. I associate chew with cups, cans, and bottles of spit that smell disgusting on a good day.

      • It's weird, gross, but highly effective. Caffeine and nicotine are both stimulants. But they're not at an office job, so they can't use Starbucks as their performance-enhancing drug.

        • It isn't a strong enough stimulant to help their performance, and if it was they could use nicotine patches.

  • Just yes...

    • Re:Yes.. (Score:4, Interesting)

      by Retired Chemist ( 5039029 ) on Saturday October 16, 2021 @09:06PM (#61899263)
      Agree on boredom. A baseball game on TV is the quickest way to a nap on a warm afternoon. Checked swings are a judgement call, I am not sure if a robot umpire would help. There is actually nothing in the rules of baseball that defines a checked swing. To make a robot umpire work that would have to be addressed. I suspect that the resulting arguments would lead to a result about the time we get robot baseball players.
      • Almost all the "checked swings" that they get away with now would have been swings when I was a kid. And the announcers would have laughed at the try, "He almost bunted but he changed his mind!"

  • players union is going strike soon and they may not stuff like this.

    • They have to be careful. One more strike and they're out.

    • Umpires are part of the game too. It takes skill and experience. Umpires train and learn how to improve their skills. Their imperfections are part of the game as well. It would be as pointless to replace them than to replace the players with robots as well.

      Next up, simulators for baseball. Who needs to actuslly play the game.

  • Just wondering if the players will feel better with fake followers and likes? Maybe a computer can keep up with them, unless "AI" becomes Artificial Indifference...

  • by PPH ( 736903 ) on Saturday October 16, 2021 @09:01PM (#61899259)

    kill -9 umpire

  • ... nah, too easy.

  • by sphealey ( 2855 ) on Saturday October 16, 2021 @09:10PM (#61899269)

    The unstoppable tendency of people in the United States to take a good thing and keep "improving" it until everything that made it good in the first place is sucked out of it and the original thing is irrevocably destroyed.

    • The unstoppable tendency of people in the United States to take a good thing and keep "improving" it until everything that made it good in the first place is sucked out of it and the original thing is irrevocably destroyed.

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

      or cry harder, whichever.

    • I thought the unstoppable tendency was to take anything that could be monetized and to monetize it, until the marketing effort starts building cults and sacrament around what should be a pastime -- in this case, America's favorite.
      • by sphealey ( 2855 )

        - - - - - I thought the unstoppable tendency was to take anything that could be monetized and to monetize it, - - - -

        I won't disagree with that either.

        However IIRC the call for "instant reply" in multiple sports came from the extreme end of the fan base (root word: fanatic), and that was the wedge that is heading for electronic refereeing.

        • In the NFL, it went fro an experiment that probably wasn't going anywhere, to a rule change after a team advanced instead of being eliminated on a clearly wrong call. (iirc, there were *two* clearly wrong calls on the play).

          It's taken them two decades to get it close to balanced, though--and personally, I'd lean even further from the coach-initiated, and just to fast booth calls--if it isn't clearly wrong after they watch it a couple of times, it's not wrong enough to reverse.

          and fanatical fans have been

    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      by SvnLyrBrto ( 62138 )

      What... precisely... about allowing crooked umpires to call the game so they can hand the game over to whoever they want to win (Or, considering it was the dodgers, whoever paid them off.), as opposed to having the game play out and be won by the actual better team, is "everything that made it good in the first place?"

    • Agreed. Humans are all flawed and I enjoy the flawed nature of officiating as well. What really is the bad call rate in the majors? I enjoy seeing pitchers, catchers, and batters adjusting to different umps. I think if implemented, you'll see a much more boring game as things will migrate to whatever the numbers show is the optimal pitching approach under the robotic system.

      I think that one of the challenges is that pitchers and batters both have to adjust how they execute over the season so that they're ha

  • Why stop with the umpires?

    It would be even cheaper to replace "live games" with big screens and a baseball simulator computer.

    • Might actually be fun to do - if you used a point system for generating player stats, and limited each player's AI to n lines of code in a standardized scripting language. Leave enough possibilities in the game that nobody could optimize a player for all circumstances, so you'd get players tuned to each role and they'd be less effective when they needed to step outside it.

      Then throw it all through a random number generator and render the output for viewing.

      You'd get people trying to min/max the best possib

  • by Ghosthorseman ( 2708223 ) on Saturday October 16, 2021 @09:38PM (#61899313)
    In 2010 Armando Galarraga threw a perfect game, but the last out was lost due to a missed call. Umpire Jim Joyce knew immediately that he made a mistake and regretted it intensely, tearfully. The call was bad for the pitcher, the umpire, the fans, and the players. The incident hurt the sport, which responded by adding instant replay reviews. Today, most MLB broadcasts put a box on the screen around the strike zone and tell everyone at home whether it was a ball or a strike. The only guy who doesn't know what the call should be, is the guy that's got to make the call. You have to see how stupid this is. If you're excited by the anguish that the Galarraga call can cause, you should be watching wrestling, not baseball. There is plenty of drama on the field from the 18 guys sweating and bleeding to win. Call assists and reviews support the umpires who are making hard calls with a season on the line. If you don't want to use technology like that, you'll have to do more than putter on about dynamic and interesting subjectivity. You'll have to explain how baseball can survive another Armando Galarraga call. Truth is, it can't.
    • I'd advocate fixing the problem like the NFL did, which was to give coaches / managers a limited number of calls that could be reviewed by instant reply. Keeps the overall human element in place, makes good use of available technology, and adds an interesting new strategic element to the mix.

      • by GoJays ( 1793832 )
        There already is this in place in the MLB. The problem is, they allow for the managers to "review" the play first, before asking for a review... They call up to the team video room while the players and umps stand around, watch the replay then ask the umps to review it, it is ridiculous. The MLB is always trying to speed up the game, but they allow for bench coaches to review every close play before asking for the review or to play on. A simple solution would be that managers have to go on gut instinct
        • Interesting. It's been quite a few years since I've watched an MLB game. I'm glad they're at least doing that much. Honestly, I'm pretty happy with where things stand in football. Are baseball fans not satisfied with that current compromise? To me at least, the important thing is that you don't lose an entire game on one bad call. But it sort of takes the fun out of things if you just roboticize everything.

        • by hawk ( 1151 )

          make the last 30 seconds of cameras available in the dugout--and if it's not clearly one to challenge in 10 seconds or so, move on . . .

          nerdy historical note: when Monday Night Football introduced the instant replay, it was done with a computer hard drive (the old 14" or whatever they are) adjusted to record the analog signal, rather than the encoded digital

    • “The incident hurt the sport”

      Why? Did it affect the outcome of the game, or was it just a record thing that didnt affect any actual outcome of the game or season?

    • I disagree.. a lot has changed since then. Controversies and mistakes drive social media interaction.. sports fans will go nuts if they canâ(TM)t blame someone else for their teams failures as well. With the way media is consumed in 2021 would the league prefer a perfect game by a pitcher and a perfect game called by the umpires? Or an almost perfect game ruined by a bad/questionable call on the last batter? Weâ(TM)d talk about the perfect game for about 7 minutes, and the second scenario for a
  • by rsilvergun ( 571051 ) on Saturday October 16, 2021 @09:49PM (#61899327)
    Bad calls from umpires and the arguments thereof are one of the principal draws or baseball. Perfect umpires have been possible since television cameras and they haven't done them. They're not going to start anytime soon because it would take a lot of fun out of the game, which is seeing what you can get away with.
    • by bookwormT3 ( 8067412 ) on Saturday October 16, 2021 @11:55PM (#61899451)

      So what you're saying is that one of the major reasons people watch baseball is to see umpires get the call wrong, and to see the arguments that occur? And when you say the fun of the game is seeing what you can get away with, you're talking about what the umpires can get away with by making bad calls, right? Like, what is the worst bad call the umpire can get make and not get a manager in their face about it, or do you mean and not get fired by the league for being a bad umpire?

      Are you sure? Because if so, it seems like it would therefore be an improvement to baseball for the umpire to be able to just declare a runner 'out' for no reason, just to rile up the crowd and cause an argument. I bet you and the rest of said viewers must love to see the opposing team given a fourth strike, hopefully resulting in your team losing instead of winning, just so that you have something to gripe about for a while?

      Are you super sure? Because I think it's the reverse, that most people want to see the game played according to the actual rules, and would rather see the batter called for a strike only when they actually swung the bat, and see what the _players_ can do, according to the rules... for example can the pitcher throw a 'ball' but still convince the hitter to swing at it, or paint the corners of the box close enough to make the hitter think they don't need to swing at it and end up with a strike.

      As long as the result is fast and accurate I think for home plate most people would be fine with having the right result every time. It's not like "ball vs strike" requires a lot of subjective determination, like would be necessary for interference calls or something. Look at american football, there was a lot of consternation about having video review at all, and what's in place right now is a relatively speedy system that when used (different argument) either produces the right result or a result so close to the correct result that it's hard to complain about the refs not calling the way you wish they'd called. Losing teams' fans wish their team had played better, they don't really wish the referees had gotten the call wrong. Winning teams' fans are glad the correct result occurred. It's better for the sport because it's better for the better teams and worse for the worse teams, so it depends on player's skills, not some random umpire changing the outcome.

      • I think the fact you are missing is that there are so many games in a baseball season that almost none of them individually matter, and therefore a "bad call" within one of those also doesnt matter.
        • What was it that John Maynard Keynes said?
          "In the long run we are all dead".
          That appears to be your argument.

          Each MLB team plays 162 games a season. Toronto won 91 of theirs and missed the postseason, Boston and New York damYankees each won 92 which put them in the postseason picture. This story was about a decisive - and apparently bad - call which ended the season of the team which had the best record in the MLB this year (one win ahead of the team which won this game on that call).
          Fine margins matter i

      • by ceoyoyo ( 59147 )

        That's what it seems like. It's not as exciting as fighting in hockey, but a bit less gladiatorial I guess. Baseball seems to have a strong element of "what can you get away with" from stealing bases at one end to corking your bat and messing with the ball on the other.

        Then you can "crack down" on those things and get on-field drama like players dropping their pants before being inspected. If they wanted to actually reduce cheating they'd just issue standard equipment.

        You've got to do something to make base

    • Perfect umpires have been possible since television cameras and they haven't done them.

      And in the '80s, professional baseball seriously tried. There was a revolt among players and fans alike.

      Times have changed. Video review is an accepted part of both indoor volleyball and the NFL, and indeed the choice of making it a coach's strategy has played very well.

  • ...bring on the robot players.

  • Blernsball is the future.
  • by Baron_Yam ( 643147 ) on Saturday October 16, 2021 @10:37PM (#61899375)

    I see no problem from removing human error from the judgement of how the humans who play the game act.

    For things that happen extremely quickly and require precise measurement, no human will ever beat decently designed and built machine.

    Have the system watch home plate, every base, and the ball itself and decide on who is safe or out. Measurements to the millisecond and millimeter with real-time results and no mistakes so a properly performed action is never punished by chance.

    • by v1 ( 525388 )

      agreed. The article talks about the catcher's "art" of faking out the umpire with a moving catch. But that's NOT what the game is about. It's one team vs another, not one man vs the referee.

      Trying to squeak out an unfair advantage over your opponent seems to be the exact opposite of a game of skill between two opposing teams.

  • The Astros will stop banging on trash cans and instead hire some of nerds to try hacking the umpires directly. Maybe they can source them from the Cardinals.

  • It would be a good first step. After that they can replace the players with robots, and then the fans and they might really be on to something.

  • by King_TJ ( 85913 ) on Saturday October 16, 2021 @11:41PM (#61899439) Journal

    I mean, as a St. Louis Cardinals fan, I'm unhappy that the manager was just fired. It's such a typical problem in the sport though. Everyone LOVES the team manager when the team is winning. But as soon as things go wrong, he's the first to be the "fall guy" and get canned over it. Why? Well, the PLAYERS are all locked into lucrative contracts so they're pretty untouchable. The manager is the only one they can let go.

    As far as I'm concerned, all the player contracts should be tied to expected minimum performance metrics. Baseball is such a "stats oriented" game already, I don't see why they wouldn't apply a few of those here? Fire the PLAYER for continual under-performance.

    Umpires making poor calls is another issue. Like most sports, baseball started out as a simple game for kids to play. When it went major league and became a big, expensive sport/business, it's obvious some things would receive upgrades. I don't think automation for the sake of more accurate calls has a reason not to become one of them. But I do like the idea someone mentioned to make it more like the NFL. Let the human umpire handle the bulk of the game as it's always been done, but give a certain number of opportunities per game to consult with or defer to the automation's call.

    None of this even starts to address issues like the "performance enhancing drugs" or accusations of cheating with the various tricks pitchers and hitters have been known to employ.

    (Personally, I think the drugs thing is so rampant in modern times, you're not really going to be able to get around it. The biggest stars in baseball are typically the guys who used these so they could achieve the number of hits the fans go crazy seeing, or the guys with the explosive speed needed to make insane catches right at the wall. With so much money at stake, you know some people are going to overlook that stuff.)

  • by schwit1 ( 797399 ) on Sunday October 17, 2021 @12:02AM (#61899453)

    Tennis got rid of human line callers during covid and it made the game better.

    Human umpires are a necessary evil. That's the nature of the job. If they get every call correct they have not made the game better. So all they can do is diminish the game with incorrect calls. And they do this far too often.

    MLB should have a goal of zero-defects policy on umpiring. Especially given that umpiring has no correction mechanism for getting rid of bad umpires. Otherwise Joe West and Angel Hernandez would have been gone decades ago.

  • Under their ABS system, players are measured for a strike zone before the season, with their info then fed into the machine

    How are players going to be measured? Based on their batting stance during a live game, or their batting stance while being measured? Because I have a feeling some players would be in a much tighter crouch doing their measurement session to reduce their strike zone than what they would be in a game. Why not just have a tiny sensor built into their jersey at the bottom of the letters and at the knee so they could have a realtime adjusting strike zone that would be true to their stance during a game?

    • Why not just have a tiny sensor built into their jersey at the bottom of the letters and at the knee so they could have a realtime adjusting strike zone that would be true to their stance during a game?

      We'll see some strangely worn uniforms...

      Chip implants maybe? Tattoos?

      • Computer vision these days is more than good enough to identify shoulders and knees if you feed it an image where most of it is 'known'. Like, say, a rectangle where 90% of the frame is filled with the human subject.

        If you can't find an angle that excludes the catcher or the umpire, you might be able to use a narrow DoF to have only the batter in focus.

        No sensors are required on the player.

  • The jokes write themselves.
  • by sjames ( 1099 ) on Sunday October 17, 2021 @03:15AM (#61899643) Homepage Journal

    A robo-ump can at best decide if the ball did or did not pass through the strike zone. It cannot decide if a swing was checked. I don't see it happening any time soon since the official ruled don't actually provide any objective criteria to determine if a swing was checked.

    The only advice provided is that a swing is checked if the player has no intention of hitting the ball. As opposed to realizing he is going to swish so he tries to make it look like he meant to do that.

    Umpires are divided on the subject. Some consider it a swing if the non-dominant wrist breaks as the bat comes around. Others consider it a swing if the batsman's hands cross the centerline of the plate. Still others take either as a swing.

    A robo-ump as they exist today couldn't have helped in the last strike of the Giants-Dodgers game. Good luck making one that could have helped when we can't even agree on the criteria the robo-ump should use.

    Then, there's the question of desirability of a robo-ump. Pitchers expanding the strike zone and batsmen shrinking it has long been part of the game as well as catchers selling the strike.

    • Some consider it a swing if the non-dominant wrist breaks as the bat comes around. Others consider it a swing if the batsman's hands cross the centerline of the plate. Still others take either as a swing.

      Are those actually criteria or are these back-rationalizations of decisions that were based on intuition, the way a neural net would usually classify things? A "robot umpire" would have the same problem, only without the fake rationalization to cloud it.

      • by sjames ( 1099 )

        Without the back rationalization, players and fans will eventually all end up demanding that robo-ump be retired.

    • This would be super simple. We have 2 classifications, and literal millions of pitches to throw into a classifier. A neural net could perfectly simulate the amalgamation of all the umpire calls and hence could carry on in the future perfectly replicating the calls for what should and shouldn't be a checked swing .

      And the bonus is we don't even care what those factors were since even the umps don't seem to know or agree. It will likely find whatever factors the umpires are subconsciously latching on to - who

      • by sjames ( 1099 )

        Don't forget tht this would just be one function of the umpire. There's also handling close plays at the plate, line calls, and the most difficult to replace: if anything "odd" happens, the umpire's job is to set things as they would have been had the odd thing not happened. Odd things in the past have included a cat running across the field, a pitched ball hits a pigeon. Ball hits a catwalk railing and shoots directly out of a vent pipe into the parking lot (someone must have used the force), ball goes dir

  • despite being played by only one country....

    want a world series?
    go look at the t20 world cup - starting in the UAE tomorrow.
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

    • I had to read an awful lot on than page to understand that it was not a competition in dice-throwing (T20 in my language is D20 in English).

  • Change the rules so that it's easier to make a determination and then change the way the officiating is done to get the error rate down. And, while in the process of doing so, get the ball in play more often. Also reduce game time by cutting the number of innings, if necessary. Baseball is played how it's played because it's always been played that way and the sport is scared of alienating existing fans. The reality, though, is that baseball has been in slow decline and the average age of fans is increa
    • by hawk ( 1151 )

      >because it's always been played that way

      I read an article a few months ago (from pocket?) about historical baseball recreationists, or whatever they're called.

      They play under various nineteenth century rules, sometimes using two different sets of rule on a doubleheader.

      Under older set that was described, a fly ball caught on the first bounce was still out . . .

      • I guess I should have stated my point more clearly. It used to be that rules of games evolved to make them more fun to play. But then sports became a commercial business and business interests, of course, became the primary concern. The National Football League took the approach of having a competition committee that could refine the rules season-by-season in order to improve the quality of the game. They did it for business reasons. If the competition is better, it's more fun to watch, and more popula
  • I have a better idea. Let's have the robots do the hitting, too. And the running, well, that goes without saying!

    Humans can continue to be fielders. Basically glorified ball shaggers for the robots having the fun.

  • by argStyopa ( 232550 ) on Sunday October 17, 2021 @08:34AM (#61900165) Journal

    ...that if you have left the game so close that a single bad call means you lose, then that's your problem.

  • Why stop at Umpires? Let's replace all the players too... and them we can replace the fans, oops, didn't we already do that?

  • But will robot umpires be woke enough? How can they make it through diversity, inclusion, equity (DIE) training?

  • That sentence could end in so many ways. One of many examples: stop making managers wear player's uniforms. It's not good for anybody to make a 70 year old with droopy drawers don a snug player's uniform.
  • The fallible human umpire is as much part of the game as the players.
  • I have been watching Baseball for awhile and I have to say that the Umpiring, according to the Strikebox I see, has been getting worse. There are times where the ball is way off the plate and it's getting called a strike.
    I know the Umps try to be fair and maybe make up for the call on another pitch. But there is no consistency when the other team comes to bat. The same pitches are not getting called the same way all the time.
    Also the Strike box on some umpires is really an Oval, up/down or left/right based

  • So instead of missing those calls with human error, it'll miss all sorts of other calls with algorithm bugs. You know, like a slider just off-the-plate to the left will always be a strike.

    Think about all of the times when they contest a call at first. Think about all of the replays, and all of the discussions. Think about all the times that it takes a dozen humans and six high-speed cameras, more than five minutes(!) to finally decide that "there isn't enough evidence to overturn the call on the field".

    Th

  • This is a good test of man vs. machine, but baseball is already the most unbiased of all major league sports in the US. What about all the bad calls in the NBA and NFL that cannot be contested? There is obvious bias against some teams and for others. AI would likely be more difficult to implement in these faster moving sports where you have fewer officials, but I believe much of the public would welcome a change in how officiating is managed by the NBA and NFL. It may also be a mistake to take the huma

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