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Power Technology

World's Largest Solar-Powered Battery Is Now 75% Complete (interestingengineering.com) 204

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Interesting Engineering: The Manatee Energy Storage Center -- the world's largest solar-powered battery storage facility -- is now 75% finished with 100 of 132 total containers already installed, reveals a press release from Florida Power and Light Company (FPL). The battery is housed in Manatee County as the name indicates and is expected to be fully operational by the end of the year. When completed, the system will have a 409-MW capacity with the ability to deliver 900 MWh of energy. This is enough electricity to power 329,000 homes for more than two hours.

The battery will serve to replace FPL's coal plants. The battery will store energy in order to bring electricity to homes even when the sun's not shining (at night and on cloudy days) meaning other more polluting power sources will not be required. Although customers are bound to see some financial benefits the main gains will be environmental. According to FPL, each battery module is capable of storing an amount of solar energy equivalent to roughly 2,000 iPhone batteries. The complete battery system will be equivalent to 100 million iPhone batteries and the energy storage containers will be organized across a 40-acre plot of land (the equivalent of 30 football fields). The battery will have a lifespan of 40 years.

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World's Largest Solar-Powered Battery Is Now 75% Complete

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  • by Lanthanide ( 4982283 ) on Monday August 16, 2021 @10:41PM (#61699553)

    I know reporters like to translate things into 'more familiar' units like football fields or prices of big macs etc, but 2,000 iphone batteries isn't really very understandable. EV car batteries are a much better fit for this sort of infrastructure battery, rather than iphone batteries.

    • there are a lot more iphones than EV batteries

      • by kenh ( 9056 )

        The complete battery system will be equivalent to 100 million iPhone batteries

        Which generation iPhone? The first gen iPhone had a 1,400 mAh battery [wikipedia.org], current iPhone batteries are 2,800 mAh battery [wikipedia.org] - the reference isn't specific, and it kinda makes a difference.

        and the energy storage containers will be organized across a 40-acre plot of land (the equivalent of 30 football fields).

        Contrast that with a much better example, a football field - a distinct, specific item.

    • by ShanghaiBill ( 739463 ) on Monday August 16, 2021 @10:53PM (#61699587)

      2,000 iphone batteries isn't really very understandable.

      The first paragraph explicitly says that the capacity is 900 MWh, and the power capacity is 409 MW. Those are the standard units. What more do you want?

      • I want them to use EV batteries instead of iphone batteries when trying to make 'more familiar' comparisons.

        That should have been obvious from my comment.

        • A typical EV battery is 90 KWh.

          900 MWh / 90 KWh = 10,000

          • Yes, I can do maths, thanks.

            What I want is for the reporter to use more appropriate comparators when talking about grid-scale battery storage, instead of iphones.

            • by aberglas ( 991072 ) on Tuesday August 17, 2021 @02:44AM (#61699949)

              of electricity is that?

              • We need to focus on standardizing our units.

                We should measure energy in terms of the calorific value of an elephant (1 elephant = 23250 kWh). For larger quantities where that becomes cumbersome, we can express energy in terms of Rhode Island's annual energy consumption (Year 2020 as baseline, 1 Rhode Island ~= 56 billion kWh, or 240,000 elephants).

                =Smidge=

                • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

                  We should measure energy in terms of the calorific value of an elephant (1 elephant = 23250 kWh).

                  But is that an African or Asian elephant?

                  • Let's not bring speciesism into this; all elephants burn equally well.

                    (Also I'd like to correct myself; 2,400,000 elephants not 240,000)
                    =Smidge=

              • An Olympic swimming pool is 50m * 25m * 3m deep. Compared to the bottom of the pool, the water in it has [0.5 * 50m * 25m * (3m)^2 * 1000 kg/m^3 * 9.8 J/kg/m] = 55 MJ of gravitational potential energy.
        • by kenh ( 9056 )

          I want them to use AA batteries, everybody knows AA batteries, there are more AA batteries than iPhones AND EVs!

        • So how big is an EV battery? How much of a Tesla's space is taken up by battery? I don't know!

          I don't know, exactly, for my iPhone either, but I can guess ~50% of the space. Even if I'm wrong by a large amount, it's not that big a real physical difference. I can pretty easily visualize 2000 iphones -- a 10x10 stack of iphones 20 units tall? easy peasy.

          I can't really visualize 10x10x20 Teslas, other than "holy shit really big."

          They gave the data for people for whom such information is meaningful, so I'm not

      • I want to know how many hours the plant can be without sun and still not have an interruption. It's not clear from the article.

        • FTA: for 2 hours if 329,000 homes are drawing from it, I expect ymmv depending on time of day

          • 2 hours doesn't sound very useful tbh

            • by Shades72 ( 6355170 ) on Tuesday August 17, 2021 @03:50AM (#61700085)

              For peek power consumption?

              With such a battery, you can run a normal energy plant much more optimal, reducing fuel consumption, wear and maintenance considerably. And as a result it will reduce pollution too.

              During daylight both solar and wind can help charging the battery for the evening peek. At night wind and the plant can charge the battery for the morning peek.

              The morning peek (breakfast) and evening peek (dinner) can be handled by the battery, as the plant has hardly any need to ramp up production.

              That is how I would configure batteries like this. And neighborhood batteries in cities. And the battery from an EV in remote/off-grid locations.

              It won't be that simple to manage this using software and smart grids, and in the beginning there will be some extra losses of energy as kinks in managing the smart grid get ironed out. At least it is an actual start of more efficiently energy management.

            • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08mwXICY4JM [youtube.com]

              Video about the Texas power grid near total collapse. I'm not anything remote to an expert, but my understanding of these battery backup systems is that they help stabilize the entire power grid and help to cover peak usage or unexpected plant outages.

    • Lots of people I know own an iPhone. None own an EV.

    • These batteries can presumably be replaced as they age though
      • Interesting you'd say that, since iPhone batteries aren't replaceable, while most EV batteries are.

        And when EV batteries degrade too much to be good for vehicles (where you need high-density with good discharge and recharge rates), they're ideal for fixed infrastructure use instead (where weight density doesn't matter, and discharge and recharge rates are generally much lower per individual battery also).

    • but 2,000 iphone batteries isn't really very understandable.

      What model of iPhone?

    • by MrL0G1C ( 867445 )

      A fair request especially given that at some time in the future there could be incentives for drivers to allow their car batteries to also be used for grid balancing. So the power station is equivalent to 12,000 Tesla model S batteries (75kwh) each.

    • "EV car batteries are a much better fit for this sort of infrastructure battery, rather than iphone batteries."

      If you'd ask the Australian president Scott Morrison, it's a 'Big Banana'.

  • The battery will store energy in order to bring electricity to homes even when the sun's not shining (at night and on cloudy days) meaning other more polluting power sources will not be required.

    So, it'll completely deplete itself in a couple of cloudy days in a row? And then, in the article, they throw out a whole bunch of numbers that are meant to impress the average reader: 2000 iPhone batteries, 100 million iPhone batteries, 12 million solar panels, blah blah, none of which seem to add up when multiplied. If this is not a press release meant only for show, I don't know what is. Why go through so much trouble to store energy when there are easier ways to do it [discovermagazine.com], pumped hydro being the easiest?

    • by hey! ( 33014 )

      So, it'll completely deplete itself in a couple of cloudy days in a row?

      Gosh, I bet the engineers who designed the thing never thought of that.

      • Or perhaps the problem is the bad reporter who wrote this article didn't think of it and didn't ask the engineers to explain how they handle cloudy days, as a service to their readers whom they are trying to inform.

        • Florida is connected to the national grid. They handle cloudy days by buying power from elsewhere. It isn't cloudy everywhere at once.

          In the future, they will deal with cloudy days by raising the spot price for residential electricity. My EV has a range of 250 miles. My daily commute is 20 miles. I normally recharge nightly, but I can go a couple of weeks between charges if I need to. A smart-charger could check the price before charging.

          • It isn't cloudy everywhere at once.

            ... and it is amazing just how hard it seems to be for some people to understand that.

          • Florida will also get non solar power as well. I know that Florida Man lives in Florida, but it's still a sure bet that someone has considered these issues long before the Slashdot armchair think tank did.

        • by danskal ( 878841 ) on Tuesday August 17, 2021 @05:34AM (#61700233)

          You are sensationalizing the impact of cloudy days. Solar cells have excellent performance on cloudy days, normally in the ballpark of 40-70% of rated capacity.

          Part of the reason for this is that cooler solar cells perform better, making it harder to catch all the energy from full sun without some expensive cooling solution.

          A few years ago, if you thought solar sucked, you were a bit of a pessimist. Nowadays, if you think solar sucks, you're just plain wrong.

      • by lsllll ( 830002 )

        Dude, I was being generous with the 2 hours! From TFA:

        This is enough electricity to power 329,000 homes for more than two hours.

        I gave them 48 hours, which is 24x the rated output. It's one thing charging up the batteries and feeding 3300 homes for 200 hours, or feeding 33000 homes for 20 hours, but when your stated goal is to feed 329000 homes, WTF good is 2 hours unless it's only good for during peak time to offset other renewable energy? And then, there's no information on how long it takes it to get a full charge. What if it takes 3 full sunny days? All I'm saying is tha

        • And then, there's no information on how long it takes it to get a full charge. What if it takes 3 full sunny days?

          At peak output, it will take a little over two hours to fully recharge the system. It will of course depend on how much of the power output is being used at the time to provide power to homes.

          When completed, the system will have a 409-MW capacity with the ability to deliver 900 MWh of energy.

        • by hey! ( 33014 )

          I'd assume that the engineers figured out what they needed to provide, looked at the climate data for the site and sized things appropriately to do the job they were asked to do, which might not be the use-case you're envisioning.

          Of course, everybody involved could be incredibly dumb.

    • there are easier ways to do it, pumped hydro being the easiest?

      Have you ever been to Florida?

      It is as flat as Kansas. Or Holland.

      • by lsllll ( 830002 )

        Okay. I get it. The closest mountain is 1 state away. Still. There are probably easier ways to store energy than something that requires lots of raw materials and construction.

      • Oddly enough, I've been to all three places. FYI, western Kansas has rolling hills. It's the eastern part of the state that's stereotypically flat. But I digress.

        Yeah, suggesting pumped hydro in Florida is rather foolish. I'm betting GP didn't even bother looking at where this plant was located before performing the typical Slashdot armchair analysis.

      • There are proposed systems that use stacked or raised concrete blocks instead of pumped hydro. That should be possible even on a flat area.

      • by e3m4n ( 947977 )
        yep, also one of the lightening capitols of the world too. Could you imagine how bad that fire would rage if lightening struck those li-ion cells? isnt lithium one of those metals that burn so hot that you cant spray water on it because it will separate the oxygen and add fuel to the fire? hopefully they stuck it underground so if they had to bury it with a bunch of dirt to suffocate a fire, it would be easier. Plus that might reduce the surface area exposed to weather events. Aside from crazy thunderstorms
    • Pumped hydro in Florida???

      Literally the flattest state of the US, where the highest point above sea-level is just over 100m???

      Stick to writing your soft porn novels and leave the engineering to engineers.
    • by mamba-mamba ( 445365 ) on Monday August 16, 2021 @11:03PM (#61699617)

      Just try finding a place and getting permits to put in a pumped hydro facility. It simply cannot be ramped up to meet the storage needs we have. Much as I don't like giant battery packs, they are probably the best way to store solar energy for the time being.

      • Just try finding a place and getting permits to put in a pumped hydro facility. It simply cannot be ramped up to meet the storage needs we have. Much as I don't like giant battery packs, they are probably the best way to store solar energy for the time being.

        In trying to think of how to summarize in a short paragraph how batteries will likely lead to the demise of solar power on the grid I keep failing. The process is complex but I'm seeing batteries on the grid as detrimental to solar power, not beneficial.

        Perhaps the shortest way to explain it is that all energy sources benefit from storage, just that solar benefits the least. The more storage the less solar benefits. At some point the detriments of solar no longer outweigh the benefits. Solar will go awa

      • by e3m4n ( 947977 )
        Ive just been giving that some thought. As someone pointed out, florida is flat like a pancake. Its also home to the lightening capitol of the US, as well as the largest recipient of tropical cyclone encounters. I sure hope they put these things underground. Like deep, cant reach with a hurricane or a lightning strike sort of deep. Its kind of a hostile environment. If the hurricanes and lightning doesnt scare you off, you actually have to watch out for gators near even small bodies of water there. Like no
    • They'll be completely depleted the first cat 3 to 5 hurricane that blows through. I hear there are going to be a lot more of them in Florida because of global warming.
    • pumped hydro being the easiest?

      Pumped hydro is a serious pain.

    • by careysub ( 976506 ) on Tuesday August 17, 2021 @12:25AM (#61699715)

      So, it'll completely deplete itself in a couple of cloudy days in a row?

      One of the predictable, but weird, types of posts about any electrical power story here on slashdot are the people who imagine that every thing operates entirely by itself and must handle all cases unassisted. Florida Light and Power is the biggest electricity producer in the nation and then run a grid all across Florida. These batteries are part of a grid system and by levelling out solar power availability they are allowing themselves to operate that grid with fewer fossil fuel power plants.

      A couple of cloudy days? They will produce more power from other plants in the grid, maybe look at the weather forecasts and bring more plants on-line.>/p>

      Whoa! What a concept. Managing a grid!

      • by lsllll ( 830002 )
        Then don't say (as TFA says) that it can provide 2 hours of energy to 329000 homes. Instead say something like "it can help stave off 3 coal power plants whose sole purpose is to support peak demand". That actually sounds a lot better than what TFA purports the purpose of the array to be.
      • These batteries are part of a grid system and by levelling out solar power availability they are allowing themselves to operate that grid with fewer fossil fuel power plants.

        A couple of cloudy days? They will produce more power from other plants in the grid, maybe look at the weather forecasts and bring more plants on-line.>/p>

        Whoa! What a concept. Managing a grid!

        Well, Texas can't do it, so it must be an impossible task! 8^/

    • Whole sale electric prices in the Eastern Grid typically vary by about 25 cents a day. Some times there are extremes but a typical day looks like this: http://reports.ieso.ca/public/... [reports.ieso.ca] and even with that huge variation no one can build an economical storage system for the grid. Pumped hydro's maintenance cost kill it, so we don't build any new ones and the existing ones are used for grid stabilization (the company owning the storage sells it as "insurance", utilities pay a fee every month for the right t
    • The only hydro pumping that makes sense in Florida is from someone's full basement back out after the seasonal flooding.

      • by Entrope ( 68843 )

        Except for large towers, who has basements in Florida? The water table is usually too high, and torrential rain too common, to make that feasible. Homes are all on slabs there, or sometimes stilts (when near the ocean).

    • So, it'll completely deplete itself in a couple of cloudy days in a row?

      No, it'll completely deplete itself in a couple of cloudy hours in a row....

    • "solar powered" HA HA HA. How easily so many are duped. Until they limit charging windows to offset otherwise planned curtailment, it will be nat gas plants that ramp up to charge these batteries and ramp down when discharging. Why? Because solar is always run at 100%, you can't increase its output unless for some reason it is being curtailed.

      Until FPL gets to a point of significant curtailment of solar, which they are no where near close to, these batteries actually help increase the capacity factor o
      • > Let me repeat for the simple minded. Nat gas plants, not solar, will ramp up to charge these batteries.

        No.

        Natural gas plants will ramp up to make up any deficits the battery can't provide. Natural gas plants *already* ramp up to make up the deficits to meet early evening demand. The battery will be charged by solar in late morning/mid-day when installed solar capacity plus other non-dispatchable generation (coal, wind, nuclear) exceeds demand, and discharge in the early evening to provide the power tha

  • by awwshit ( 6214476 ) on Monday August 16, 2021 @10:52PM (#61699581)

    Now witness the power of this armed and fully operational charging station.

  • 40-acre plot of land (the equivalent of 30 football fields):

    https://www.heraldtribune.com/... [heraldtribune.com]

  • by kenh ( 9056 ) on Tuesday August 17, 2021 @12:37AM (#61699735) Homepage Journal

    The battery will store energy in order to bring electricity to homes even when the sun's not shining (at night and on cloudy days) meaning other more polluting power sources will not be required. ....SNIP... The battery will have a lifespan of 40 years.

    40 years is 14,610 days, assuming this battery will be used every night, can the array handle 14,610 recharge cycles? That seems like a lot, but who knows?

    • I can't find any information about what chemistry they're using. LFP batteries, IIRC, last 4k cycles, which can be extended a lot by not using the top and bottom of the charging curve. Flow batteries are supposed to last 10k+ cycles. And by "last", manufacturers normally mean to 80% of new capacity, but it might (unsubstantiated guess) be cost-effective for a storage facility to run the batteries more or less into the ground.
      • I can't find any information about what chemistry they're using. LFP batteries, IIRC, last 4k cycles, which can be extended a lot by not using the top and bottom of the charging curve. Flow batteries are supposed to last 10k+ cycles.
        And by "last", manufacturers normally mean to 80% of new capacity, but it might (unsubstantiated guess) be cost-effective for a storage facility to run the batteries more or less into the ground.

        I couldn't find any real technical details anywhere.
        But it was comforting to know it could charge 100 million IPhone batteries. What a relief

    • Unless the power is currently going out every night your assumption is off.

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      14k cycles isn't massive if the cells are properly conditioned and not cycled over their full capacity. TFA says that the 900MWh figure is the amount of energy it can deliver to the grid, but the actual total capacity of the battery is likely to be well over 1GWh.

      It doesn't say what chemistry they use but lithium batteries degrade much faster when charged above 80% or below 10%. If they have a spare 30% capacity that they don't use and keep the state of charge between 10% and 80% then each "cycle" is nowher

    • Well shit you better shoot those engineers an email and let them know batteries have a finite charge cycle.

    • It doesn't matter, because Parrish County has an elevation of 43 ft. It's not going to be there in 40 years. It's too bad they didn't put it someplace with a future, instead of in Florida.

  • Like the battery, this post is 75% co

  • I know it's hard (Score:5, Informative)

    by Gabest ( 852807 ) on Tuesday August 17, 2021 @01:50AM (#61699839)

    "409-MW capacity with the ability to deliver 900 MWh of energy"

    => ability to deliver 409 MW power and has 900 MWh energy capacity.

  • That is "can deliver 900MW" and has "409MWh of capacity". Are we with stupid now or what?

    May also be "900MWh of capacity" and "can deliver 409MW". The stupidity goes all up to the original press release. Apparently, FPL has no clue how electricity works.

    • Apparently, FPL has no clue how electricity works.

      I could get on board with that assessment. I can't go two weeks without having a power interruption of some kind, and at our previous place, those bozos left an unarmored 150 amp cable strung a hundred feet or so across the yard to the transformer with the meter box open and wrapped in plastic for more than a week while they waited for a trencher to become available. They did put little pink flags along the length of the cable, though.

  • Why do we get to hear about rockets that are 2/3 built and power banks that are 3/4 complete? Doesn't anyone complete a project anymore before talking about it?

    Quite frankly, what is this? Steam Early Access and Kickstarter?

  • by Solandri ( 704621 ) on Tuesday August 17, 2021 @05:56AM (#61700265)

    The Manatee Energy Storage Center -- the world's largest solar-powered battery storage facility [...] The battery will serve to replace FPL's coal plants. The battery will store energy in order to bring electricity to homes even when the sun's not shining (at night and on cloudy days) meaning other more polluting power sources will not be required.

    According to this graphic [statista.com], FPL's power generation is 78% gas, 12% nuclear, 8% solar, and 2% coal. 78+12+8+2 = 100.

    The claim is that these batteries will be used to shift solar power to night, allowing them to replace the coal plants used at night. Since coal accounts for 2 units of generation, and charging and discharging batteries is about (0.8)*(0.8) = 64% efficient, that means it requires 3.125 units of solar to charge the batteries. Call it 3 units. 3 units of solar need to be stored in the batteries, to yield 2 units of energy from the batteries at night.

    So we end up with the following before and after energy-to-the-grid profiles:

    • Before: 78 (gas) + 12 (nuclear) + 8 (solar) + 2 (coal) = 100
    • After: 78 (gas) + 12 (nuclear) + 5 (solar to grid since 3 units went to the batteries) + 2 (solar from batteries) = 97

    That's short of 100 by 3 units. To get it back up to 100, you need to get 3 more units of energy from somewhere. Given the selection of sources, your only choice is gas. So you end up with this new after profile:

    • After, adjusted: 81 (gas) + 12 (nuclear) + 5 (solar to grid) + 2 (solar from batteries) = 100

    So you haven't really replaced the coal plants with solar. You've replaced them with gas. Furthermore, because you're using batteries to time-shift solar power, you've had to add 3 units of gas to replace 2 units of coal.

    Instead of pumping solar power into batteries, why not get rid of the batteries entirely and send all that solar power directly to the grid during the day?

    • No coal, no batteries: 78 (gas, day) + 12 (nuclear) + 8 (solar) + 2 (gas, night) = 100

    That results in the 2 units of coal being replaced by 2 units of gas. Since 1 fewer units of gas is needed than with the batteries, using the batteries to time-shift solar power actually results in more pollution than simply replacing the coal plants with gas.

    I've been saying this for years: using batteries to time-shift solar power to night doesn't make sense until your nuclear+renewable generation exceeds 100% of consumption during the day. As long you're still generating some of your power with fossil fuels during the day, it makes more sense to use any renewable energy immediately when it's generated during the day. And simply shift the remaining fossil fuel power generation from daytime to nighttime. Trying to shift renewable power to nighttime with batteries when you're still burning fossil fuels during the day, just results in some of the renewable power being wasted charging and discharging the batteries, forcing you to burn more fossil fuels to make up the deficit.

    • by Smidge204 ( 605297 ) on Tuesday August 17, 2021 @08:58AM (#61700671) Journal

      Basically your entire post can be summarized by saying "I don't know the difference between dispatchable and non-dispatchable power generation."

      The whole point of storage is to convert non-dispatchable renewable energy into dispatchable energy, displacing fossil fuels - particularly natural gas. For example, peak solar output is mid-day, which does not line up with peak demand in early evening. To meet peak demand with solar you would need to install a lot more capacity, which means you are over generating in mid-day. That's bad news. The solution is to add at least a few hours worth of storage, so you can reduce the total solar you need to install and take the mid-day surplus and apply it towards early evening deficits.

      Which is exactly what this facility is intended to do. It's about time shifting peak production to meet peak demand - a difference of only a few hours - not time shifting from day to night.
      =Smidge=

    • Seems you have conveniently clubbed coal and gas into one label "fossil fuel"; avoiding coal is lot better as it produces lot more toxic pollutants compared to natural gas. Sure both emit CO2 but we can't ignore the gains of avoiding coal.
  • How can this plant be a complete coal replacement for cloudy days and also all night if it only stores 2hours of electricity? Night time alone exceeds that. 329,000 is a ver odd number to quote unless thats their approximate power grid demand. Otherwise why not quote 150,000 homes for 5hrs if thats your user base. As my very small neighborhood (5-6 streets tops) still comprises 324 homes, 329,000 doesnt seems unrealistic

    Another worry about 100 million iphone batteries would be fire. Power substations hav
  • Every time a tornado forms it seems to head right for the nearest trailer park.

    The thing is basically a trailer park full of trailers of batteries. I hope they are bolted down really well

  • by Peter Desnoyers ( 11115 ) on Tuesday August 17, 2021 @11:27AM (#61701291) Homepage

    There's a pumped storage facility in Massachusetts that's been around half a century, that delivers 3 times the power (1200MW) for 4 times as long (8 hours): https://www.wbur.org/news/2016/12/02/northfield-mountain-hydroelectric-station

    And yes it works below freezing, just like hydro dams work in the winter.

    Of course in a state where most of the high points are old landfills (https://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/broward/fl-reg-mount-trashmore-grows-20180712-story.html) it might be a bit tricky...

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