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Power

Bill Gates' Nuclear Venture Plans Reactor To Complement Solar, Wind Power Boom 124

A nuclear energy venture founded by Bill Gates said Thursday it hopes to build small advanced nuclear power stations that can store electricity to supplement grids increasingly supplied by intermittent sources like solar and wind power. Reuters reports: The effort is part of the billionaire philanthropist's push to help fight climate change, and is targeted at helping utilities slash their emissions of planet-warming gases without undermining grid reliability. TerraPower LLC, which Gates founded 14 years ago, and its partner GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy, plan to commercialize stations called Natrium in the United States later this decade, TerraPower's President and Chief Executive Chris Levesque said.

Levesque said the companies are seeking additional funding from private partners and the U.S. Energy Department, and that the project has the support of PacifiCorp, owned by billionaire Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway, along with Energy Northwest and Duke Energy. If successful, the plan is to build the plants in the United States and abroad, Levesque said. By 2050 "we would see hundreds of these reactors around the world, solving multiple different energy needs," Levesque said. The 345-megawatt plants would be cooled by liquid sodium and cost about $1 billion each.

The new plants [...] are designed to complement a renewable power because they will store the reactor power in tanks of molten salt during days when the grid is well supplied. The nuclear power could be used later when solar and wind power are low due to weather conditions. Molten salt power storage has been used at thermal solar plants in the past, but leaks have plagued some of the projects. Levesque said the Natrium design would provide more consistent temperatures than a solar plant, resulting in less wear and tear.
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Bill Gates' Nuclear Venture Plans Reactor To Complement Solar, Wind Power Boom

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  • by Sooner Boomer ( 96864 ) <sooner.boomr@gma[ ]com ['il.' in gap]> on Thursday August 27, 2020 @07:01PM (#60448222) Journal

    We're all doomed!

  • The US Naby tried that and removed the plant from the submarine it powered, and the Soviets tried and abandoned it as well Besides the explosive nature if it comes in contact with water, if it cools and rocks up the plant is now expensive scrap metal.
    • Re:Liquid sodium? (Score:5, Insightful)

      by backslashdot ( 95548 ) on Thursday August 27, 2020 @07:54PM (#60448330)

      Well just because something failed before doesn't mean it can't ever work. You didn't see Sikorsky saying Leonardo Da Vinci couldn't build a helicopter so it'll never work.

      • Re:Liquid sodium? (Score:4, Insightful)

        by Registered Coward v2 ( 447531 ) on Thursday August 27, 2020 @08:26PM (#60448392)

        Well just because something failed before doesn't mean it can't ever work. You didn't see Sikorsky saying Leonardo Da Vinci couldn't build a helicopter so it'll never work.

        Not saying it cannot work,just there are some technical issues with liquid sodium that make it challenging. The greater efficiencies are nice but do they make up for the problems, such as corrosion, reactivity with water and need to keep it liquid?

      • by gweihir ( 88907 )

        Well just because something failed before doesn't mean it can't ever work. You didn't see Sikorsky saying Leonardo Da Vinci couldn't build a helicopter so it'll never work.

        And for every such success, you have a million persistent failures. Your argument has no merit.

    • by Cyberax ( 705495 )

      and the Soviets tried and abandoned it as wel

      Some Soviet (and Russian) submarines use lead-bismuth reactors. They work really well, and lead-bismuth eutectic alloy is a fairly well-behaved material. The main problem is that bismuth gets slowly activated into some nasty isotopes.

      • and the Soviets tried and abandoned it as wel

        Some Soviet (and Russian) submarines use lead-bismuth reactors. They work really well, and lead-bismuth eutectic alloy is a fairly well-behaved material. The main problem is that bismuth gets slowly activated into some nasty isotopes.

        Yes, better heat transfer is a plus if you can avoid nasty side effects.

    • So I take it that this reactor doesn't exist then: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]
    • Use metal Fluorine salts [wikipedia.org] instead,

      binds with Uranium, Thorium and all the other fuels used in fission reactors. Is stable to ridiculously high temperatures. Does not dissolve in water and when they cool down they are effectively inert. They are a bit corrosive when in liquid form though.

      • by gweihir ( 88907 )

        They are a bit corrosive when in liquid form though.

        And that is why they are not used. This is an absolute killer in a large industrial installation that is supposed to have a high uptime.

    • Now delete areas with earthquakes and Tsuamis and Hurricanes, flooding and volcanos and bushfires. You may want to eliminate countries without infrastructure to clean up worst cases - and Japan is VERY hard pressed dealing with its mess. One believes the salt solution slowly creates a 'glue' to sick up control rods and valves - radiation does that. I dont believe the boffins have explained how molten salt will not attract impurities over time.
    • by dumuzi ( 1497471 )

      Salt is not explosive when mixed with water. You can test this yourself at home.

      • Salt is not explosive when mixed with water. You can test this yourself at home.

        No, but H2 is.

        • by dumuzi ( 1497471 )

          I don't see any mention of elemental hydrogen in the article, did I miss it? Or do you have another source?
          and
          Are you saying hydrogen explodes when mixed with water? That would require a whole new explanation for how a Hoffman's apparatus doesn't explode...

          Either way, we have good storage mechanisms for hydrogen, I have some in my classroom right now.
          Sounds to me like you are looking for anything that might be hazardous and using it to claim the technology is not feasible. If we took that approach we would

          • I don't see any mention of elemental hydrogen in the article, did I miss it? Or do you have another source? and Are you saying hydrogen explodes when mixed with water? That would require a whole new explanation for how a Hoffman's apparatus doesn't explode...

            Either way, we have good storage mechanisms for hydrogen, I have some in my classroom right now. Sounds to me like you are looking for anything that might be hazardous and using it to claim the technology is not feasible. If we took that approach we would have no technology at all.

            A liquid sodium tractor uses metallic sodium, which becomes hydrogen and sodium hydroxide upon contact with water. The H2 will undergo a rapid burn; so unless they are not using metallic sodium that is the issue. NaCl would likely result in chloride stress corrosion.

  • Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      by plague911 ( 1292006 )
      Categorically No. You are wildly stating the costs of nuclear and understanding the costs of Solar and Wind with energy storage. https://www.lazard.com/perspec... [lazard.com] Nuclear is cost competitive with coal and gas (118-190 $/kwh vs 150-199 and 66-152 $/kwh) . While the energy storage costs alone would be triple the cost of either of those three options for Utility scale solar or wind($380-$895/kwh). https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19... [nrel.gov]
      • Comment removed based on user account deletion
        • by ogl_codemonkey ( 706920 ) on Thursday August 27, 2020 @09:37PM (#60448516)

          Unfortunately the economic problem with nuclear isn't the $/kwh but the time-to-return on the capital. By the time a nuclear station has paid off enough of its construction financing to make any dollars for the financiers a coal plant has been raking in a solid return for three to five years.

          Reducing the capital outlay and construction time by 2/3 almost regardless of thermal efficiency makes an enormous dent in the economic viability of new-nuclear.

      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        by Anonymous Coward

        On paper. In the real world, no nuclear gets built, while PV and wind turbines are marching on.

        This is because the numbers for everything but nuclear is actually real-world numbers (although perhaps a couple of years old) while the ones for nuclear are shat out of the arse of some dude^W^W^W^W carefully estimated. There's lots of risk in nuclear, and investors want a higher compensation because of that.

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        You aren't comparing like-for-like though because battery storage is generally for very short term stability and peaking use. It's not a whole-country UPS system and not supposed to make up for lack of installed generation.

        Looking at the costs from your Lazard link you can see that wind is already much cheaper than anything else. Yeah you might be paying a lot for a few minutes a day of peaking but the rest of the time you get cheap energy. In fact sometimes it's so cheap it's free or people get paid to use

      • by dumuzi ( 1497471 )

        What if you factor in the costs of dealing with nuclear waste and the costs of climate change?

        • Nuclear plants contribute to climate change? This is news to me, please tell us more
          • by dumuzi ( 1497471 )

            I meant factor climate change into the costs for coal and gas that plague911 quoted.
            Factor the costs of nuclear waste into nuclear.
            Seems only fair if you want to factor the costs of storage into solar and wind.
            Sorry, I should have been more clear.

            • I don't know how to calculate that except that it's currently near zero. We "should" be moving waste to secure holding facilities but we can't so currently the cost is $0 plus whatever it costs to pump water into their kiddy pools. If your concern is climate change I don't understand why you can be against it, but many are and I'd like to understand. In the "future-time" perhaps we will have batteries that can be recycled with no waste and store excess power for peak demand but that technology does not cur
              • by dumuzi ( 1497471 )

                I am in favour of nuclear, I was just saying in a cost comparison we should consider long term handling of the waste.
                We should also consider environmental costs of solar and wind, like the environmental costs of mining neodymium for all the wind turbines.

                I do think we will have better technology options for dealing with the nuclear waste in the future, recycling the waste to run new small scale nuclear power plants, so the cost of dealing with the waste may eventually be negative.
                But if we are basing a cost

                • "we have no current long term nuclear waste storage"...because why? It's not because the federal government didn't try to create one multiple times. The USA has no shortage of unoccupied space, its just that the courts won't allow storage there either.
      • Nuclear is cost competitive with coal and gas (118-190 $/kwh vs 150-199 and 66-152 $/kwh). While the energy storage costs alone would be triple the cost of either of those three options for Utility scale solar or wind($380-$895/kwh).

        You're mixing and misinterpreting units here.

        Nuclear is $118 - $192 per megawatt hour not kilowatt hour. That's $11-$19/kwh.

        $380 - $895/kwh for lithium ion battery storage isn't production costs it's cost per kwh that can be stored. But that kwh is available every day.

        That would be like saying "Gasoline costs $0.11/mile but a battery costs $25/mile! It's wildly more expensive!" while ignoring the fact that you can recharge a battery a thousand times but you can't recharge a gallon of gasoline.

        Wind plus st

        • Oops then I went and did a math mistake as well: $118/mwh = $0.18/kwh not $18.

          Wind is $0.02-$0.05 subsidized per kwh + let's say $600kwh in storage.

          So assuming nuclear was $0.18kwh /$0.05 kwh = 3.6x more expensive. And assuming a wind turbine costs $2M / MW of production capability. That means we could spend $2M on a wind turbine to supply power. $2M on a second turbine to charge batteries and $2M on batteries and still be cheaper than Nuclear.
          $2M in batteries would buy 3.3MWh of storage. So if the win

    • by Cyberax ( 705495 ) on Thursday August 27, 2020 @10:08PM (#60448562)
      TerraPower has failed in their initial design - a traveling wave reactor. It was actually a clever idea: you just put in non-fissile U-238 and it's turned into fissile materials in a "traveling wave" and subsequently burned. In theory this would allow reactors to operate without refueling for decades, drastically simplifying their operation.

      It all looked cool on paper and in simulations, but unfortunately, they got hit by the real world. In the real world they couldn't find a material that can tolerate the fast neutron fields over the reactor's lifetime (not because of activation, but because neutrons cause displacements in the crystalline structure of metal).
    • Two of the richest men in the world are seeking taxpayer funding for this lark. Costs? Bah, humbug!

  • by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Thursday August 27, 2020 @07:47PM (#60448318)
    Comment removed based on user account deletion
  • I probably have read the most about Gen IV nuclear power plants and gotten pointed to the best articles by user Trog at CommonDreams.org (example https://commons.commondreams.o... [commondreams.org]). I'm not really familiar with Bill Gates's effort, I have seen more on Moltex, Elysium, and ThorCon (which all fall under the MSR category at
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]).

    These plants don't store electricity because the storage is before the electricity is produced from heat - they store heat (clear in the linked article).

    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by fermion ( 181285 )
      There arm many ways to store energy. This is a method to store thermal energy which can be converted. We can also store potential energy by pumping water up mountains. We can store potential energy in batteries. There was a plan to build a site on the Texas and New Mexico border that would patch the Texas grid safely int the national grid through capacitors and superconducting circuits

      None of this requires nuclear energy and nuclear power plants have never been profitable or of any value in the US. In

    • MSRs are A FUCKING MEME. They are stupid from many, MANY angles. That's why no real nuclear program wants to touch them.

      What's even worse, they provide no advantages over current PWRs and next-gen breeder reactors, while requiring hundreds of billions of investment into researching a totally new fuel cycle.
      • by gweihir ( 88907 )

        MSRs are A FUCKING MEME. They are stupid from many, MANY angles. That's why no real nuclear program wants to touch them.

        What's even worse, they provide no advantages over current PWRs and next-gen breeder reactors, while requiring hundreds of billions of investment into researching a totally new fuel cycle.

        Indeed. People being stupid because they cannot see their fantasy is not reality. These things are the flying cars of the nuclear fanatics. Always right around the corner, never to materialize. Given that conventional nuclear is not cost-effective at all and not really that useful (can only do base-load, lots of downtime, waste storage unsolved, hugely expensive to decommission), nuclear can at best be seen as a historic technology at this time. It is time to correct that very expensive mistake.

  • Are there limitations to buidling reactors deep beneath the surface? I know they need lots of water. And i know they need to vent steam. Supposing those problems could be easily solved it seems like the the ultimate win-win. Get incredible "clean" power output, with little risk of the elements or irradiating millions of people.

    Blindseer , can we use nuclear underground?

    • by MrKaos ( 858439 )

      can we use nuclear underground?

      Yes. https://hardware.slashdot.org/... [slashdot.org] https://hardware.slashdot.org/... [slashdot.org] https://hardware.slashdot.org/... [slashdot.org]

    • by HiThere ( 15173 )

      This one shouldn't need lots of water. Liquid Sodium is a lot hotter than the coolants used in common reactor designs. That's probably a lot of the problems with getting it working.

      I'm less attracted to this design than to the molten Thorium Salt reactor designs, though. Those have people promising that they can eat spent reactor fuel. My real problem with fission reactors has usually been "What do they do with the spent fuel?". The waste problem is the main thing wrong with reactors. The British deco

      • They COULD use a breeder reactor and reprocess it, but yes 99% of it usually sits in water baths at the bottom of reactor #3, waiting for the lead-lined UPS truck that never comes. If you are unhappy with that, perhaps stop with the absurd NIMBY when they try to create national storage facilities in dry remote places.
  • The engineering challenges are just too big and basically still unsolved. Sure, it can be done, but it is hugely expensive, results in frequent down times and is also quite dangerous on the non-nuclear side.

  • by codeButcher ( 223668 ) on Friday August 28, 2020 @07:41AM (#60449024)
    Despite the whacky subject line, I can't help to smile at the coincidence of reading 3 days ago that the Democratic Party now endorses nuclear [slashdot.org], then reading today of Gate's and Buffet's involvement in nuclear power generation.
  • In America there are two forces which when combined creates a disaster.
    The Right wants Private Nuclear Power with basically no regulation.
    The Left wants to Get rid of all nuclear power, and regulate them to a point that cannot opperate.

    To keep nuclear power safe, it is going to need a long term investment, much longer than most companies will be around, and even longer than any government in history. As we will need to manage nuclear waste for thousands of years.
    Nuclear Energy is a rather clean, and safe p

  • What do they plan on doing with the waste that we have no current safe way of disposing? The rest of the engineering community has come to grips with the fact that they have to plan for disposal. When will the nuclear power industry advance from the 1960's. Note that I can't just say '60's any more because it's been over half a century!

I am not an Economist. I am an honest man! -- Paul McCracken

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