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Power United States

Rolling Blackouts in California Have Power Experts Stumped (nytimes.com) 260

Energy experts are bewildered as to why the manager of California's electric grid called on utilities to cut power to hundreds of thousands of customers over the weekend. "They said that the utilities had plenty of power available and that the blackouts weren't necessary," writes Ivan Penn via The New York Times. From the report: "They set it up like this is a historic event," said Bill Powers, a San Diego engineer who provides expert testimony on utility matters before the state's regulators. "This should not have triggered blackouts." The California Independent System Operator, the nonprofit entity that controls the flow of electricity for 80 percent of California, said it acted after three power plants shut down and wind power production dropped. It also cited a lack of access to electricity from out-of-state sources.

The energy experts noted that the peak electricity use over the weekend fell below peaks in other years, when utilities were able to handle the demand. They also said the operating reserves of power available to the utilities were higher than the 3 percent level where California ISO has traditionally ordered a reduction in electricity use. "It's just misleading to say that it was because it was a hot day," said [David Marcus, an energy consultant and former adviser at the California Energy Commission]. "I think they were being overly cautious." Saturday's peak demand, according to Mr. Marcus, reached 44,947 megawatts, much lower than the 46,797 he saw on Friday. But both of those amounts fell below the peak year for electricity use, 2006, when demand reached 50,270 megawatts, followed by 2017 with 50,116, according to data from California ISO. [...] What happens in the days ahead will continue to test Californians and the electric grid as California ISO forecast electricity demand Monday at near all-time peak levels.

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Rolling Blackouts in California Have Power Experts Stumped

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  • by Anon42Answer ( 6662006 ) on Tuesday August 18, 2020 @02:48AM (#60413701)

    If San Onofre nuclear power plant were still online, I wonder if there would have been enough extra capacity that supply could easily handle this surge both during the day and evening and night?
    "San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) is a 2,200MW, twin nuclear reactor power station." Was, now no longer producing thanks to ignorant anit-nuke so-called-environmentalists forcing early closing.

    • by modomario ( 2691091 ) on Tuesday August 18, 2020 @04:06AM (#60413811)
      Real ecologist libs and left must really learn to shield themselves from the anti nuclear crowd. Hell there's not so ridiculous theories that the German anti nuclear greens were pushed by pro coal lobbies following Chernobyl and now Germany still relies on coal in areas whilst they've shut down many nuclear plants. In some places energy stability can be helped with hydro (storage) or the like but that's not in most of the world so until we find the holy grail of fusion or the like we'll need these plants. Stupidly enough the earlier mentioned greens also opposed more funding for fusion research "in favour of existing green tech". It's like they're hellbent or being more damaging to their cause than the few actual climate change denialist.
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        by dunkelfalke ( 91624 )

        First, the German nuclear exit has been decided in the nineties, then redecided two times.
        Second, nuclear power doesn't work for Germany, we don't even have an end storage facility because the state with the most nukes refuses building one on their soil.
        Third, Germany uses far less coal than even just a decade ago, making you and your little conspiracy theory look stupid. Matter of fact, Germany will shut down its last coal fired power plants in 2038.
        The only reason why Germany still uses them is that ligni

        • by fazig ( 2909523 )
          Well, it looks like we'll be compensating for all that with natural gas, that will predominantly be provided by Gazprom.

          The Nord Stream 2 project, kickstarted by crooked former Chancellor Gerhard Schröder, has been causing a couple of issues already. Word is that MEPs from Germany threw the EU under the bus by agreeing to the new Copyright Directive under the conditions that France won't bother them over Nord Stream 2.

          Gazprom having the German energy economy by the balls is also a rather dubious th
        • Considering that Germany is opening a new coal plant and ministers are talking about building several new ones, ALL to burn brown coal, I would say that you are WAY OFF.
          And if you expect them to close up new plants that are less than 20 years old, you are as crazy as those that claim that China will shut down all of their new coal plants.
    • by gweihir ( 88907 )

      Nope. Nukes are unsuitable for anything except base-load. They take far to long to adjust their power output for anything else. Delivering too much power is just as problematic as too little. Hence it would not have made one bit of difference.

    • by Darinbob ( 1142669 ) on Tuesday August 18, 2020 @01:13PM (#60415239)

      San Onofre had its own problems. It is vulnerable in the same way that Fukishima was, and was literally on the beach. It was shut down when replacement steam generators did not work. Upgrades designed to last two decades were found to have premature wear in tubes that were only a couple years old.

  • by tiqui ( 1024021 ) on Tuesday August 18, 2020 @03:00AM (#60413719)

    ...presser this afternoon. Hidden in it was this little bit, which Democrat-run news outlets are suppressing:

    "We are committed to radically changing the way we produce and consume energy and we are creating now and have more jobs in this green sector than we do in the fossil fuel space. So we see it as an economic imperative and we see it as a moral and ethical imperative as it relates to the kind of world we’re going to leave, the kind of state nation we’re going to leave to our kids and grandkids. And we are not backing off on that commitment, quite the contrary. But in the process of the transition, in the process of shutting down, understandably the desire and need to shut down polluting gas plants, and a desire to go from old to the new. In that transition and the need to shut those down, comes the need to have more insurance, comes the need to recognize that there have been by definition demonstrably, in the last few days and what we expect over the next few days, gaps in terms of that reliability. We cannot sacrifice reliability as we move forward in this transition, and we’re going to be much more aggressive in focusing our efforts, and our intention in making sure that that is the case. We need to make sure that we have a demand-response system and we have reliability that meets the expectations that we have all forecasted around issues of climate change, and around the prospects that this is not the last “record-breaking” historic heat dome and experience that we will have in this state, or in this region, or in this nation or in our hemisphere, in our lifetime, quite the contrary." - Gavin Newsom

    and also:

    "We identify the peak hours, roughly 3:00 PM, about to 9:00, 10:00 PM. Let’s say 3:00 to 10:00 are the peak hours. I can explain in a moment why those evening hours become the most precious in terms of our concerns, particularly as it relates to sun going down, the utilization of solar. The fact that while we’ve had some peak gust wind events across the state have been relatively mild. By the way, that’s a good thing from a fire suppression perspective. That’s unfortunate moment as it relates more broadly to addressing the episodic nature of the renewable portfolio of which we are prideful in the State of California, but vulnerable to in these conditions that I have stated." - Gavin Newsom

    The problem is a really simple one which a great number of people predicted years ago when the Democrats became so powerful in the state that they now ignore all opposition in the legislature: They shuttered nuclear plants, oil-fired plants, coal-fired plants and hydro plants. All they have now for significant power generation are wind, solar, biofuels, and nat gas... most of that capacity (by type, not volume) is variable and unpredictable with only nat gas available for surge production. When you get very hot weather as CA does several times per year, you sometimes get clouds and a lack of wind... so those sources reduce and when you have severely limited nat gas plant licenses because you have committed to eventually eliminating that too, you are already using most of your gas generators and lack the ability to bring much more online.

    We used to live in a free market economy, where we got quantity discounts on stuff including water and electricity. We now live in a much more controlled economy run by people with Marxist leanings and we have rationing. Gavin Newsom and his legislature have no solutions other than "conserve!" (i.e. use less than you want/need because there's not enough to go around because government has caused an artificial shortage in order to serve some ideological groups). The man even admitted in his presser:

    "I signed an emergency proclamation that very specifically, very demonstrably directly shifts energy consumption in this state. We’re focused primarily on large energy users and we are shifting to their backup power, so they can utilize that power during the pe

    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      by SharpFang ( 651121 )

      The article says they had enough power generation reserve though. Seems like a political maneuver to "raise awareness of global warming", fabricating a crisis on a fake premise to get brownie points against opponent who doesn't combat the fake premise.

      The news of the blackouts were in all news outlets nation-wide attributing the blackouts to causes of increased demand, extreme heat wave, COVID-19 keeping people at home. There was nothing about reduced production capacity (which was irrelevant anyway) and ab

      • Whether the motive is to "raise awareness of global warming" or to 'ready people for rationing', the important takeaway is the grandparent's contention that a completely one-sided legislature is bad for a nation's/state's citizens.

        Without the checks and balances of healthy opposition in politics, including some balance in the press, one doctrine gets too powerful. With no chance of political survival otherwise, politicians begin to parrot the approved mission statement. This rarely ends well.

        California i

        • > California .. as the US state with the largest GDP, it's difficult to imagine its devolution

          The Soviet Union was big too. Mexico and India have GDP similar to California (and actually larger in terms of what they produce) That doesn't mean they aren't shit holes. Big states can be big pieces of shit.

          The "California GDP" thing is also misleading because all the trade between the US and Asia goes through the port of LA, and is therefore counted in the GDP of California. When a billion bushels of Iowa

    • by makomk ( 752139 ) on Tuesday August 18, 2020 @04:19AM (#60413833) Journal

      That's interesting. I came to a similar conclusion based on completely different, non-political evidence - looking at the CSIRO dashboard data, this looks like an actual power shortage at around sunset due to the classic solar duck curve, and the figures quoted by the New York Times to claim there was no shortage are misleading. They point to the fact that CSIRO had a 12% operating reserve at 6 PM, and if you go to the dashboard [caiso.com] and view the renewable energy graph from Friday the 14th using the dropdown there's a rapid dropoff in solar output, which is already down to 5.2GW at 6 PM and drops to basically zero over the next hour and a half - some quick back of the envelope math shows that alone would consume roughly all of the operating reserve. Even if the instantaneous figures looked OK, there was an imminent shortfall due to something literally as predictable as the sun setting in the evening.

      There are also a couple of other interesting things in the 2019 resource assessment this article is based on that it fails to mention. Firstly, total supply isn't the only constraint - apparently there's also a risk of "shortages of upward ramping capability" which "are most prevalent in the late afternoon when solar generation output decreases", and this was considered to be a more likely problem that total supply shortages. Basically, they might have enough total supply on paper, but some of it would be unable to ramp up fast enough to keep supply and demand balanced. You can see the cause of this sharp ramping requirement on the net demand graph on the dashboard - actual demand slows down towards the peak, but net demand minus solar and wind keeps increasing rapidly right to the peak due to sunset. Secondly, it predicts that the highest risk period is pretty much right when they had blackouts: "The CAISO will be at the greatest operational risk during late summer as the availability of hydro energy wanes and potential high peak demands in neighboring balancing authority areas decrease the availability of imports into the CAISO. The continuing decline in dispatchable generation as gas units retire creates further challenges for meeting the CAISO flexible capacity requirement and the peak demand, which is now occurring later in the day when solar output is at or near zero."

      • "Basically, they might have enough total supply on paper, but some of it would be unable to ramp up fast enough to keep supply and demand balanced."

        Shouldn't a power company that's been in business for over a century be able to predict that demand and have the resources on line in time to avoid blackouts?

        • Even if you predict a shortage, how would you ramp up the sun and wind?

          Solar and wind are great, as long as you donâ(TM)t need to rely on them. Germany has twice its needs in terms of GWh in potential production capacity from solar and wind.

          Their total energy consumption from solar and wind stays hovering around the 13-20% range and people are paying upwards of 30c per kWh, though even though some times of the day they are selling energy to neighbors, most of the time they are buying nuclear from Franc

          • Even if you predict a shortage, how would you ramp up the sun and wind?

            That is not the argument. If all they had was solar and wind, then they wouldn't have enough on paper either.

          • Germany has twice its needs in terms of GWh in potential production capacity from solar and wind.

            That's ludicrous; if that were true, they'd be done with the energy transition already. At 50% curtailment you're near 100% RE penetration with minimal storage.

          • Last year 34.5% of German electrical power came from the sun and wind. As for France, Germany is a net exporter of electrical power. It only looks like Germany buys a lot from France, but in reality it is transit from France to Poland and Austria. Germany just happens to be geographically between them.

        • by makomk ( 752139 )

          Being able to predict demand isn't enough - as I understand it, a lot of these power plants have fundamental design limits on the rate at which they can ramp up power output and how low an output they can operate at. Remember, you're not just turning coal or gas or uranium directly into electricity, you're using it to heat up steam and pump it through massive turbines, and if you ramp up the heat too quickly different parts of the massive building-sized equipment expand at different rates and the whole thin

      • But sunset wouldn't have been an issue if three plants hadn't gone offline for reasons that are not given anywhere I have seen. From what I have gathered, it looks like at least two of those three were gas burners, so why weren't they producing?
    • by Ichijo ( 607641 ) on Tuesday August 18, 2020 @06:00AM (#60413957) Journal

      All they have now for significant power generation are wind, solar, biofuels, and nat gas... most of that capacity (by type, not volume) is variable and unpredictable...

      Did you really just say we can't predict the weather? Or are you saying that when supply falls below demand (the classic economic problem [wikipedia.org]--unlimited wants but limited resources), the only way it should be solved is by increasing supply?

      We used to live in a free market economy, where we got quantity discounts on stuff including water and electricity. We now live in a much more controlled economy run by people with Marxist leanings and we have rationing.

      What is the free market solution to our nation's socialized roads [taxfoundation.org] and military?

      It seems that the difference between Democrats and Republicans is Democrats admit they're Marxists and Republicans don't.

      • I hate to break it to you, but state roads and state armies pre-date Marx by somewhere between 200 and 10,000 years. Even the US, which is a relatively new country, had both of those things for decades before Marx came along.

        The person you are quoting is mostly correct in a strange way, but also thoroughly wrong. We did formerly have something much closer to free markets than we have now, and we did formerly get bulk discounts on most things, including on water and power. But those ideas don't really go

    • We used to live in a free market economy

      No we didn't. At least not in the last 100 years. When are you referring to?

    • Newsom's aunt was married to Ron Pelosi, the brother-in-law of Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi. I'm not saying that there isn't any family ties here, but that's hardly the same as Pelosi being Newsom's aunt.

    • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

      by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      Why didn't you link to your source? Here, I'll do it for you: https://www.rev.com/blog/trans... [rev.com]

      Oh dear, it appears that you forgot to quote the bit that undermines your rant about Marxists.

      But in the process of the transition, in the process of shutting down, understandably the desire and need to shut down polluting gas plants, and a desire to go from old to the new. In that transition and the need to shut those down, comes the need to have more insurance, comes the need to recognize that there have been by definition demonstrably, in the last few days and what we expect over the next few days, gaps in terms of that reliability. We cannot sacrifice reliability as we move forward in this transition, and weâ(TM)re going to be much more aggressive in focusing our efforts, and our intention in making sure that that is the case.

      So it's your basic incompetence, not a Commie plot to destroy California. Other countries have managed this just fine.

      • You will note that the bit you quoted is blather - nothing substantive other than what you apparently failed to notice: he admits the plan to also shutter all the nat gas plants.

        I did not cut that portion to censor something - my post was already going to be long and nothing in those sentences refuted my post or changed the meaning of what I highlighted from his remarks (as all readers are free to note). Indeed, as I just pointed out it would have further bolstered my argument to have included the lines.

        Ab

    • We used to live in a free market economy, where we got quantity discounts on stuff including water and electricity. We now live in a much more controlled economy run by people with Marxist leanings and we have rationing. Gavin Newsom and his legislature have no solutions other than "conserve!" (i.e. use less than you want/need because there's not enough to go around because government has caused an artificial shortage in order to serve some ideological groups).

      You know, most of what you posted was rational, but then you stopped resisting the urge to make commentary instead of presenting fact.

      We used to live in a free market economy where we had lead in paint on kids' toys.

      With that one sentence I'm illustrating that sometimes stuff is bad and should go away. I understand that - to politicize as much as you - to the Republican government, there is no other solution except "consume!", and the idea of going without even temporarily is anathema. California is i

      • Allow me to gently highlight sever points:

        First, you disliked the fact that my post got political - hardly avoidable given the players involved and the actions they've taken - but then you yourself did the same thing on another level by equating the non-Newsom model to "those who make money off excess consumerism". Did you not notice the inner-leftist leaking out in that? WHO gets to decide exactly WHAT is "excessive"? And what's wrong with "making money" which is an efficient and echangable token of added

  • by ScienceBard ( 4995157 ) on Tuesday August 18, 2020 @05:41AM (#60413927)

    Disclaimer: I work for a utility, and get the gossip. These are personal opinions, not my employers.

    This isn't a mystery, the people running the grid just don't want to admit the cause. California is currently dominated by intermittent generation. It has been getting away with it until now because they hadn't quite shuttered enough of their baseload resource, and they were relying on import power from nearby states. When those states were hit with a heatwave, there wasn't any day ahead or same day resource to procure. They used to have nuclear plants, and a few baseload gas plants that would have ramped up to take advantage of the high power prices in a heatwave... now they don't.

    The article mentions that they CAISO supposedly had enough reserve, but there are real headwinds in the utility industry that are making even that harder to count on. With fewer fossil units to rely on, the remaining plants run harder and wear out faster. Maintenance gets harder to schedule, because those resources are needed and the grid operator has the authority to reschedule maintenance even over the objections of the utilities. Additionally, with the constant threats of closing down those plants the plant owners aren't going to make any major investments in them. No one is going to invest millions in a plant that the governor might order scrapped in a couple years, or that might be uneconomic to run under the current reimbursement scheme if a carbon tax is implemented. The plants will become less reliable as a result, which is a battle that is being fought all over the country. I'm sure COVID isn't helping either... I'm personally aware of a few instances where outages have been shifted or extended because large populations of contract workers caught COVID mid outage.

    Frankly theres going to have to be a come to Jesus moment where someone just bites the bullet and develops a scheme to ensure profitable operation of those fossil units through the renewables transition period. It will suck politically, since people have been fed the unicorn farts version of renewable power capability and that will have to be walked back. But I can guarantee that if they stick a bunch more batteries on the grid with the markets structured the way they are, those batteries will suck away any remaining profitability of these baseload and fossil peaking plants and the utilities will try and walk away from them. CAISO can stop those closures for a while, but eventually the owners will either sue to exit or go bankrupt. The battery systems being built are designed to shave the peak profitability off of each day, not cover an unexpected grid disruption because the wind didn't blow or brushfire smoke blotted out your solar field.

    Higher level, I have trouble rationalizing a world where renewable energy dominates in a wholesale market system. You're trying to promote power that is inherently less reliable and more expensive in a free market system, via an ever increasing array of rules and taxes and subsidies. If you really want renewables, admit the wholesale markets no longer meet your goals and either reestablish the utility monopolies or buy out the generating resource and make it a publicly owned venture like the water system is.

    • by olau ( 314197 )

      You're trying to promote power that is inherently less reliable and more expensive in a free market system

      Except it's actually cheaper. You said it yourself - the others can't compete.

      The rest of your analysis might be right for California, but there are grid operators elsewhere that face similar problems to a much greater extent and manage to solve them without blackouts (or curtailing for that matter).

      And yes, you need to develop a market for longer-term reserve capacity. These things are not rocket science.

      • You're trying to promote power that is inherently less reliable and more expensive in a free market system

        Except it's actually cheaper. You said it yourself - the others can't compete.

        "Can't Compete" depends a lot on the rules of the game, doesn't it. The energy markets are structured in such a way that they favor renewables, as they don't weigh any cost of intermittency against renewables and you can buy and sell power with high certainty. You could just as easily structure a market where a generating resource has to bid into a market at some yearly minimum capacity (say 40% of max) guaranteed by the generator outside of maintenance periods declared in advanced to the ISO/RTO. That m

    • So in other words, unlike what the TFS states, experts are not stunned at all!
    • There is grossly inadequate battery storage for the level of solar deployment today. Every solar installation should include battery backup; it is the two elements that make it work beyond a token portion of the grid.

      Subsidizing the grid has-fired generators is likely unnecessary— simply allowing rule 6 (IIRC, been a while) interties with backup generators in buildings can get you the missing 5GW capacity for the 30-50 hours per year it is needed (until batteries are available).

  • Any evidence of Enron-like shenanigans going on here to manipulate the power market?
  • Electricity shouldn't be a political tool, but welcome to California
  • If there were rolling blackouts, then of course demand (usage) would have been lower, by definition. That's the whole point.

    If demand was extrapolated from areas unaffected by blackouts, then that data is speculative. Of course it should be reviewed and there should be lessons learned, etc., but simply stating that actual demand (during blackouts) was lower than demand without blackouts is apples to oranges.

  • by schwit1 ( 797399 ) on Tuesday August 18, 2020 @10:45AM (#60414721)

    Which one can be centrally managed for CO2?
    Natural Gas vs Gasoline, which is cleaner? all other things being equal.

    Doesn't sound real smart.

  • That article was published on the 16th, and it was curious about what would happen on Monday.

    And Slashdot posts it on Tuesday.

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