

Advances in New Western Digital Drives 194
An anonymous reader writes "The Western Digital Caviar SE16 WD2500KS 250 GB hard drive has 300 MB/sec transfer rate the drive has a monster 16 MB cache, both of which should make it one of the best performing 7200 RPM drives on the market. WD categorizes this drive in the "Highest Performance" section of its desktop market, so its safe to assume that is has solid performance without the expense of an enterprise level drive. With products like this available, advances are being made in the storage industry that are not being rivalled by those in other areas of computing, especially considering the price level of this drive."
This is not new or special (Score:5, Informative)
This is just another useless [slashdot.org] anonymously submitted [slashdot.org] article by [slashdot.org] Sal Cangeloso [slashdot.org] that may [slashdot.org] in fact [slashdot.org] be a [slashdot.org] slashvertisement [slashdot.org]. Notice the price listing on the first page, unless of course you have your ads blocked [mozdev.org].
Comment removed (Score:5, Informative)
Re:This is not new or special (Score:2, Informative)
According to the article, the 250GB bursts hit 171 MB/s, so actually it would be hindered by SATA1. Burst speed isn't my #1 consideration anyways, but it's something.
More importantly, could two (or more) SATA1 drives on a SATA2 bus exceed 150 MB/s in total? I would think not, in which
Re:This is not new or special (Score:3, Informative)
According to the article, the 250GB bursts hit 171 MB/s, so actually it would be hindered by SATA1.
Seeing how the overall data-rate off of the heads is only in the 60MByte/sec to 90MByte/sec range, all this talk of 300MByte channels is bordering on dishonesty with numbers. The burst rate sounds like it is simply the speed at which the on-board cache can be read at. That isn't going to a number that influences much other than artificial benchmarks.
This article is just another article from an ever grow
Re:This is not new or special (Score:2)
3Gbps SATA is useful for storage subsystems, like SATA-attached RAID controllers - no need to waste a PCI(-E/X) slot to get decent performance anymore and it also leaves more PCI(-X) bandwidth available to other devices. Another purpose is SATA
Re:This is not new or special (Score:3, Interesting)
Well...... I'd vote against two drives on one bus. SATA is point to point. Max one drive per connection.
So the article, and the WDC website claim 300MB per second transfer rate. That's THEORETICAL buffer-to-host. Apparently someone measured that at 170 Mbyte per second.
Platter to buffer is an impressive 748 Mbit per second. That's an impress
Re:This is not new or special (Score:4, Informative)
Drive quoted burst speed comes from or to on drive cache anyway. That cache is good to help the drive sustain it's highest read transfer rates through read-ahead (when the OS comes back for the next block, it has already been read from disk) and also an OS can send small writes to the drive faster. But in practice this mostly just helps a disk to meet it's highest sustained transfer rates. The burst speed sounds good and 16MB cache sounds good, but in these modern times, when we use OS' which use free memory as buffer/caches, we have a LOT of memory and that memory is REALLY FAST, on-drive caches are mostly being used as buffers. As far a caching goes, they don't really get used all that much, since re-reading a block will almost always come from system RAM before it comes from drive cache RAM. Sure it is true that the read-ahead caching on the drive is caching, but in practice it is mostly used as a buffer.
Are there some other SCSI drives with higher performance now?
From a practical point of view or from a meaningless burst speed point of view due to large on-drive caches and fast busses?
I have a Fujitsu SCSI320 drive which sustains about 94MB/s at the beginning of the disk, which slowly tapers off to about 64MB/s at the end of the disk. That is faster than the raptor and this SCSI drive is also faster than the raptor in other aspects like read service times, I/O rates, etc.
There have been Fujitsu, Maxtor, Seagate and Hitachi SCSI drives faster than the raptor for a long time. The Maxtor Atlas 15K II is really fast.
In fact, as far as sustained reads and writes go, access times and sustained I/O, has SCSI EVER lost the top spot?
Re:This is not new or special (Score:2, Interesting)
This IDE has a buffer to disk speed of 93.5 megs/sec. Interestingly enough, the article fails to mention what the CPU load is.
For all important items, I use a SCSI, usually Ultra160 since U320 is still quite expensive. IDE is what I use for secondary storage since IDEs do chew up CPU cycles.
Re:This is not new or special (Score:3, Informative)
I've questioned the usefulness of hdd cache compared to OS main memory cache before on slashdot and gotten flamed. Unfortunately I've still never seen any benchmark that convinced me of whether large onboard cache really helps, or just helps results on benchmarks w
Re:This is not new or special (Score:3, Informative)
I don't have a link at the moment with any hard info. But I did recently test re-reading a 1GB file in FreeBSD 6.0 Release on my AMD XP2800+ with 2GB DDR ram...
ca
Re:This is not new or special (Score:2, Interesting)
Clearly it's a slashvertisement, as all of the linked articles are
If the Slashdot crew accepted those submissions without payment then they should commit hari kari now, because their use on this planet is done. If they did receive a kick-back - which I think is unquestionable - then I think this pretty effectively puts them on notice.
Good catch.
Remarkable that Sl
Re:This is not new or special (Score:2)
Re:This is not new or special (Score:2)
Nice ad (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Nice ad (Score:3, Informative)
YAPR (Score:5, Insightful)
Thank you (Score:5, Funny)
Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:3, Interesting)
Compare a video card from today to one two years ago, and do the same thing with hard drives. The amount of "advancement" in the video cards far outpaces the drives, except for the really big drives that can store weeks worth of pr0n at once.
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:5, Funny)
I'm trying, but really the VGA plug won't fit the IDE connector. I'm so confused...
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:2)
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:2)
Some people for some unknown reason call the big box that houses the computer a modem.
That's only fair, since as we all know the monitor is actually called the "computer".
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:2)
1. Common usage of 7200 rpm drives. With 7200 rpm speeds, data is written and read faster off the drive.
2. 8 to 16 MB hard drive memory cache. With the memory cache that big many hard drive access operations are quite a bit faster.
3. Faster interfaces. The arrival of ATA-100/133 IDE and Serial ATA interfaces have substantially increased data transfer rates in and out of the drive.
I expect within the next few years we'll see the following:
1. Ha
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:2)
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:2)
2. Possibly, but that doesn't really matter that much. Either the drive is reading it, in which case you can expect to get maybe a maximum of 60MB/sec off a standard drive, or it's i
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:2)
Bah. I have 2GB of RAM. Most of it functions as disk cache. I'll be willing to bet that it gives me a lot more performance than the measly cache in the disk-drive. The cache in a hard drive is there simply because you need to store stuff before/after you transfer it across the SATA-bus. It can probably be calculated pretty precisely how much you need. Since this number is pretty sma
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:2)
Actually, increasing on-drive cache sizes have shown to DECREASE access times.
There was a classic example with a WD product which also came in a special edition with much larger cache. I think it was 2MB versus 8MB. Exact same drive, except the "special edition" had the larger cache... oh and slightly slower access times.
Apparently this comes down to the management of larger on-driv
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:2)
A good example of this is to compare older, 40GB 7200rpm drives with newer 300GB 7200rpm drives. The 300GB drives are (probably) a higher density platter and should reflect a higher transfer rate.
I doubt you will see 10k rpm drives in a 3.5" package (we
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:3, Interesting)
You don't see much improvement in regular desktop usage precisely because all the other components haven't had performanc
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:2)
I'm not so sure about this.
It's true that memory is falling more and more behind. While the bandwidth is
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:2)
Why is it an entirely different thing? My cable modem is still a modem, right? FYI it does contain a modulator and a demodulator, thus making it a modem. Or do you think the difference between analog phone lines and coax is that big? Or is it the difference between
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:2)
10Mbps Ethernet existed back in the 80's. If phone companies wanted to (and there was a market for it), they could have installed 10Mbps ethernet to houses across America just like they have now wi
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:2)
I remember an Amiga 500 owner being amazed when I told him I had 4MB RAM.
Re:Advances that aren't being rivaled? (Score:2)
I disagree. Intel def
Interesting Fact (Score:2, Interesting)
Re:Interesting Fact (Score:3, Funny)
Anonymous Coward posts Slashvertisement (Score:4, Informative)
desktop hard drives are quite possibly the most boring technology possible, except maybe non-wireless network cards. who cares?
Oh puhleeese (Score:5, Funny)
File this under "Ads that matter".
Big, Slow Drives (Score:5, Interesting)
Please come out with a larger, slower drive for those masses of us who want to store very large quantities of data but don't care so much about 7,200 RPM or large cache sizes and whatnot.
When will the 1TB hard drive come out? When oh when?
--
Free 411! 1-800-411-SAVE [1800411save.com]
Re:Big, Slow Drives (Score:2, Insightful)
They sell plenty of whitebox 5400rpm drives to the major computer assemblers (dude, buy a dell) and its hard for them to get consumers to buy more HDs. I can't image why they'd want to offer a larger & cheaper alternative to their money making drives.
Re:Big, Slow Drives (Score:2)
Are you sure about that? I bought one of the Fry's weekly special bargain-basement Linspire boxes for $159 a few weeks ago and even it came with a 7200rpm (40GB) drive. Dell and friends can't be too far behind...
Re:Big, Slow Drives (Score:2)
The great thing about the monster capacity drives being released, though, is that the $/gigabyte sweetspot shifts up a notch. 500GB SATA drives are still > ~$0.70/GB, but the 250GB and 300GB drive sweetspots can be had for about ~$0.35/GB (or less if you do the rebate hassle).
Re:Big, Slow Drives (Score:2)
Re:Big, Slow Drives (Score:2)
No you wouldn't. You would want 2^n+1 drives in a raid5 array to maintain at least some performance.
Re:Big, Slow Drives (Score:2)
Because a single drive would likely be cooler, quieter, and more energy efficient than a bunch of 7200RPM drives in a RAID array. As for backups, I would just buy a second one and a USB/FireWire case and use that.
7200RPM *is* slow (Score:2)
A *fast* drive is 15-20K RPM.
Technology marches on and what used to be considdered fast is now slow.
Small, fast drives (Score:2)
Please come out with smaller (2.5") and faster (10krpm) desktop drives that don't cost a fortune (like laptop and enterprise 2.5" drives), and allow many fast, cool, and quiet drives in a SFF.
When will the desktop market transition to 2.5"? When oh when?
Re:Quantum did it w/ "bigfoot" (Score:2)
Meta-Comments (Score:5, Funny)
2. I've had bad experiences with WD drives
3. I've had great experiences with WD drives
4. 250 GB isn't really 250 GB*
5. This review isn't comparing similar drives
6. My RAID array is faster
7. RAID-0 isn't really redundant
And my quick summary of the aritcle:
$125 (50 cents per GB)
SATA
Not the fastest drive on the market
*In this case, the formatted drive really does hold 250 GB
Slashvertisement. (Score:5, Funny)
So this drive is great... says WD.
So obviously is MUST be great.
And i really like reading that it has a 16" monster cock... ^h^h^h^h^h^..^h 16Mbyte monster cache. You can really feel the journalistic integrity OOZING out between the letters. I mean, thats SOO great considering that currently my windows uses 360Mbyte as file cache, connected with 6.4Gbyte/s.
And a 250Gbyte drive is SOOOO revolutionary. I mean, thats the smell of the future. Almost as if we were already in the 3rd millenium.... oh wait, we ARE there, and drives of this size have been around for 2.5years+ already.
And Sata-2 transfer limits are SOOOO useful as a dazzling number when your drive barely reaches 70Mbyte on the outermost tracks for the first Gbyte.
Doesn't do any good if (Score:2)
Re:Doesn't do any good if (Score:2)
You know what's funny (well, sad): I've had my first encounter with a WD drive in 1994, and it died on me after slowly messing up all my files. I've dealt with other WD disks since (both consumer and enterprise), and they always turned out to be troublesome.
1994, that's almost 12 years. Sheesh, I wonder how a company can spew out shite products for 12 years and still be alive...
Re:Doesn't do any good if (Score:2)
Re:Doesn't do any good if (Score:2)
Re:Doesn't do any good if (Score:2, Interesting)
These hard drives need juice and they need cooling. I have been a Maxtor nut forever because they run faster than any WD or Seagate, but they run hot. The average moron with their PC in a desk drawer will kill one of them in the first month. I've been running my raid-0 for two years now witho
Re:Doesn't do any good if (Score:3, Interesting)
I learned that lesson after killing a 7200rpm SATA drive. (Actually, I learned that lesson back in 1998 with SCSI drives, but I was being lax.)
That's why I like things like the newer PC cases that put the drives sideways and stick a 120mm fan to pull air over them. (Antec Sonata, Antec p160, etc.)
The other key bits in my toolkit are bay coolers. One lets you put up to (3) 3.5" drives into (2) 5.25" bays (try MWave for these), the other is a "4 in 3" bay design (CoolerMaster). If you d
Re:Doesn't do any good if (Score:2)
I recently purchased a Fujitsu SCSI320 drive which had some interesting entries in one of the support pdf's, regarding expected lifetime versus heat:
Re:Doesn't do any good if (Score:2)
The one I was using in my computer recently kept doing weird things when it was powered on after being slightly chilled. The first time I did this, some files at the beginning of the drive were a little messed u
Re:Doesn't do any good if (Score:2)
Re:Doesn't do any good if (Score:2)
A word of advice from someone who was hurt by a flakey 340MB Maxtor many years ago. If you do this, eventually you will never want to buy ANY drive again. I have come across poor quality drives that died quickly with:
Maxtor
IBM
Hitachi
Fujitsu
Toshiba
WD
Seagate
Every drive manufacturer has its share of bad batches or makes a tech mistake which has big consequences. Some people get hurt and then complain in real life and on the n
Re:Doesn't do any good if (Score:3, Insightful)
And the rest of us plan for failure by using RAID in addition to backups (and system images). I hate running systems without RAID, because I *know* that eventually that drive is going to fail at the worst possible moment.
(I probably have close to a dozen IBM "Deathstars" (the 72GB models that everyone hated) that a
Re:All HDD's Suck (Score:2)
Product quality (Score:3, Funny)
300MB/s my arse (Score:3, Informative)
WD hard drive quality: you get what you pay for (Score:3, Insightful)
WD also sells IDE and SATA RE and RE2 enterprise drives with MTBFs of 1 - 1.2 million hours. Why would anybody want to halve the MTBF of their drive by getting an SE drive just to save $30?
Their RE and RE2 drives (or Raptor if you don't need huge capacity) are very high quality. These drives really kick ass and come in 8 MB (RE) and 16 MB (RE2) cache models. I bought four of the REs for a server and they've been performing flawlessly.
Re:WD hard drive quality: you get what you pay for (Score:2)
Because, according to the WD literature [wdc.com] for the TLER functionality of their RAID Edition drives, they are designed not to attempt 'heroic recovery' for longer than 7 seconds on the assumption that RAID at a higher level will use ECC to recover any errors. RE drives are not intended for use in plain stripe sets, or as si
Re:WD hard drive quality: you get what you pay for (Score:2)
Where have you been living, in a bubble? (Score:4, Insightful)
Yup, drives like this have been around for the last 6-12 months. They've probably shipped tens of thousands of them and you think they're cutting edge?
"advances are being made in the storage industry that are not being rivalled by those in other areas of computing,"
Not really, have a look at the access time - 8.9 ms - this drive is just as fast as one from 8 years ago, it's just bigger. And guess what? that's why it has a 16MB cache. More platters, more heads, more cache plus greater data density equals... same access times. Hard drives don't scale up as well as other technologies.
"especially considering the price level of this drive"
Hang on a second, you can get cheaper than this. You can also get WD Raptors, which although smaller in capacity, are much, much faster. In fact, this is just a hard drive, like many other hard drives.
These are the stories I hate. Pointless, heartless drivel passed by the editors who well, don't really edit, and appear to be out of touch with their readers, not to mention their market segment. An absolute, total and utter waste of screen inches - the kind of crap I'd expect to spout forth from a zit-faced store assistant who didn't know a molex connector from his arse. An embarrassment to read on Slashdot really. Shame on you.
From TFA (Score:3, Insightful)
16 mb cache eh? (Score:2, Insightful)
But in general, most hard drives are still severely underperforming, regardless of their specs on paper. Its the single biggest bottleneck on today's systems, causing system hangs and stutters on even the fastest systems.
This industry needs a kick in the ass!
300mb/s transfer rate on a system capable of procssing 8GB of data per second, that is nothing to rave about. Also, most systems still work off the principle that you can only
Re:16 mb cache eh? (Score:3)
It's called "seek time". The more massive (heavy... more parts, more heads) the read arm has, the slower the seek time is. The heads have to travel a shorter distance, but it requires more time to move them that distance. You're robbing Peter to pay Paul.
Though the idea of a single drive striping, say across platters, is a nice idea. Really even that could be done with one
Re:16 mb cache eh? (Score:2)
I assumed he was talking about having multiple servo/arms to employ multiple read/write heads. I've been wondering for a long time if we would ever see this in SCSI drives, to drive up their high I/O even more. High speed SCSI drives already use physically smaller disks. Having seperate read/write heads on seperate servo/arms at opposite ends of the drive could be a really good thing.
It would of course increase complexity though and thus reduce durability.
Re:16 mb cache eh? (Score:2)
That, and remember the reason HDs are rectangular is because of the arm assembly. If you want to add another one of those at the other end of the drive, the drive gets longer by about 2 inches. HD si
fail rates (Score:2)
I've had 50% fail rate (6 drives in one machine, one doa, two broken down after less than month in use) with western digital sata drives.
I haven't lost any important data, but it's annoying to take machine apart every two weeks and send hdd back for warranty replacement.
Re:fail rates (Score:2)
Top killers of hard drives (causing them to die early deaths):
1. Heat -- what temperatures are your drives running at? My rule of thumb is anything over ~45C is too hot (because you have no margin of error for fan failure or A/C failure). Grab a copy of SpeedFan (for Windows) or use lmsensors(?) in Linux.
2. Power -- Either poor power from the AC mains or an overwhelmed/cheap power supply. Get a better power supply (or get the proper size one) and evaluate your AC power.
Submitter is kind of clueless? (Score:5, Insightful)
What about "WD Characterizes this as the highest performance section of the desktop market." Wrong again. Helooo??? Raptor??
I mean. Talk about something cool, at least. New TCQ optimizations? Read-before-write? 24/7 100% duty cycle?
SR [storagereview.com] is a decent place to check out reviews and benchmarks. Do your homework! Astroturf like this only spreads confusion and disinformation.
I got a 15k RPM SCSI drive from hypermicro. It is a seagate, 73gb. It was only about $250 with an adaptec controller (which wasn't a whole lot more than a WD74 gb raptor at the time). At the beginning of the disk, it has over a 90Mbyte xfer rate on a 160mbyte/sec interface, which totally crushes all this other crap. My drive is (was?) the leading drive on non-raid configurations on hdtach's website, even against the 400gb SATA WD behemoth. 2x36gb raptors are about the same speed as one decent 15k RPM scsi disk.
I haven't really looked, but I would guess the drive in the post is what.. neighborhood of 60mbyte/sec? 70? Meh. Meh I say. We didn't even talk about I/Os/sec. between 7200 rpm, 10k RPM and 15k RPM.
The idea of an article like this on slashdot is not bad. It is just that this article is misleading and/or wrong and isn't really news at all. And so on and so forth.
Slashdot needs an "adverts" topic (Score:2)
Silly Question... (Score:3, Interesting)
Point is you can't just create numbers and throw them out... The fairest way to do it is to compare a few similar drives using identical testing software that reflects real life read/writes on a disk over a period of time.
I would also like to see advances made in drive redundancy; far more so than speed. Why is it when I have four or five platers in a drive, that any one failure can cause a 100% data loss? Shouldn't the data loss be limited to just that plater or read head?
Re:Silly Question... (Score:2)
What are you talking about? I've never had a problem on one platter lead of 100% data loss. As a matter of fact, I can't remember the last time I had any problems with a specific platter... It's always the heads or electronics that fail.
Short of practically building two complete drives in one, they can't have redundant independent systems like you want, so why don't you just buy two big cheap drives, and
lol (Score:2)
slashdot now has pop-ups! (Score:2)
I read it on a comment [slashdot.org] yesterday, I couldn't believe it... but now I can, because I've seen it happen. Slashdot just served me a pop-up to thinkgeek! And this is on a mac running Safari, so the machine shouldn't have spyware on it.
Between the increase in slashvertisement, and now this... good bye, Slashdot! It's been good while it lasted.
I'm sure this will be moderated off-topic, but there's no meta forum so... besides, I don't care about my karma anymore. You can have it.
Sustained transfer rate? (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:Sustained transfer rate? (Score:2)
Re:Sustained transfer rate? (Score:2)
Just as soon as you're willing to pay 100Xs more for the option. You can do it right now if you want... I had a PC running on just 32MB of compactflash several years ago.
Nice but... (Score:2, Informative)
Their review [storagereview.com] of the WD2500KS compares it to the Hitachi 7K400 and the WD clearly loses out.
The 7K500 is compared to the 7K400 in its review and the next-gen performance boost is quite clear.
Just Cheaper, Please (Score:3, Interesting)
You mean 244Gbyte. (Score:2)
There are 1024 bytes in a kb, not 1000. Saying there's 1000 is false, it's wrong, and it's fraud. It's like Intel saying the 1.8GHz chip is 3.6GHz because they're using a harmonic.
Re:You mean 244Gbyte. (Score:2)
1kb = 1000 bits
1Kb = 1024 bits
1kB = 1000 bytes
1KB = 1024 bytes
Thank you. (Score:2)
Thank you for the correction. I had always thought the wrong thing. I hadn't even heard of a gibi prefix for measurement until you and the other responder pointed it out.
Re:You mean 244Gbyte. (Score:2)
I am aware of those standards. However I refuse to adhere to them outside of my work life and will always provide a disclaimer when refering to data sizes on the net.
Standards boards have made some VERY VERY STUPID decisions in the past. And this is one of them.
For a very long time MB, GB, etc was actually meaningful in a computer science sense, since modern digital computers use... well... you know... BINARY!?!?!
2^ is much more meaningful in Comp Sci and digital binary sy
Re:You mean 244Gbyte. (Score:2)
BUS SPEED != TRANSFER RATE! (Score:2)
Uh, no. Fastest almost any drive can transfer data off the platters is about 60-70MB/sec, and that's only the very tip-top of the line drives.
What they mean is that it is a SATA-2 drive, which has a maximum wirespeed of 300MB/sec.
I know this gives you faster access to the 16MB of cache- but main memory is much more 'accessible'(Gigabytes/sec makes even 300MB/sec seem slow), there's a hell of a lot more of it, and the OS is in a much better position to use
Re:BUS SPEED != TRANSFER RATE! (Score:2)
Actually, top of the line SCSI drives are actually pushing 100MB/s.
Yes, that is 2^20 Megabytes and not the bullshit 10^6 MB.
Actually 20MB/sec (Score:2)
Re:Actually 20MB/sec (Score:2)
Where did you pull this 20 MB/sec figure? And what is this "normal use" for which you speak?
For some of the things I do, I do
Re:Actually 20MB/sec (Score:2)
Stupid stat, but under Linux, when synchronizing a 300GB software RAID1 set, I'm seeing transfer rates of anything from 30-60GB/s. The 5400rpm 300GB drives clocked in at the lower end of that range, while the 7200rpm 300GB drives clocked in at the upper end of the range.
Or, copying from disk to disk on a Windows box (7200rpm 250GB drives), I'll see transfer rates of 30-40MB/s.
16MB cache is huge? (Score:2)
A comparable size cache for the Maxtor would be over 128MB. The 16MB cache it actually has isn't huge. It's puny. It's just a little less puny than the cache's the other cheapskates puts on their drives.
Monster? (Score:2)
16 MB is not a "monster" amount of RAM anywhere except hard drives. Why are they lagging so far behind everything else in this area?
Quality? (Score:2)
The longest life I've ever gotten out of one of their drives was about a year, and I've had several die within a month of installation. I don't think I've had one last less than 48 hours, so if you only need 2 days of data storage, they might be ok.
Now, because of this, I haven't touched one of their drives (other than to recover data, and then throw it in the nearest trash can) in several years. Have the
Re:Relieving the greatest bottlebeck (Score:2)