Doomsday PC-Cooling With Dual-Cascade Coolers 311
An anonymous reader submits "Four (4) compressors cooling one PC! Yes, it's big, yes it's heavy, yes it's loud and yes it does get your CPU and GPU cold, very cold. Is -100C cold enough for you? Cascade cooling is yet another chapter in a Finnish overclocker's neverending quest for optimal PC performance. Those things go down to -80 to -100C and can maintain the temperature. See here for the whole article with the pictures of the project."
In Finland... (Score:5, Funny)
Re:In Finland... (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:In Finland... (Score:5, Funny)
Re:In Finland... (Score:5, Funny)
No, you got it all wrong. He is overclocking to stay warm. All those compressors must generate a lot of heat.
Re:In Finland... (Score:5, Funny)
Re:In Finland... (Score:3, Informative)
Seriously though, often in winter when I have had to melt my freezer / refrigerator I've just put the foodstuffs in a box on the windowsill and opened the ventilation window. Everything stays frozen for at least long enough to to get the extra ice out of the freezer. I'm saying this as a Finn of
Re:In Finland... (Score:4, Insightful)
Of course, you need to drill holes in your house...
Re:In Finland... (Score:2)
Re:In Finland... (Score:4, Funny)
Re:In Finland... (Score:3, Insightful)
Nasty airborne water molecules condensing on my hardware...snort.
Re:In Finland... (Score:2, Informative)
One PSU & one CD-R drive are now sitting somewhere in a Finnish landfill because of grit.
YAW.
Re:In Finland... (Score:2)
-
Comment removed (Score:5, Interesting)
Re:minimum temperature (Score:5, Informative)
You're thinking of liquid hydrogen, not helium. Liquid helium is damn cold, yes, but it won't explode.
Re:minimum temperature (Score:5, Funny)
Re:minimum temperature (Score:5, Funny)
Re:minimum temperature (Score:5, Insightful)
I can't remember how low we went with the Transputers but they ran damn fast dunked in liquid helium. The processors did not reach the level of the helium because it was constantly evaporating.
The limit to overclocking is highly processor dependent. Some designs will simply end up in a race condition because some parts of the chip will work much faster than others and you end up missing the right edge of a pulse. Basically you give yourself a whole new region to discover timing errors in the design.
I don't think that the physical process is going to be a fixed limit, clearly this will be very dependent on the physical packaging. Chips are sent into space to face some pretty unpleasant temperature ranges.
Depending on your material there is a point when your band gap goes all wonky and things start breaking down. Most times what you are worried about is the effect in the high temperature region, but there are equally wierd things in the low temperature region.
This is definitely not something that is recommended for most applications. There are a couple of oddball ones, like cryptanalysis where it is really hard to get a result but once you get one it is trivial to check. I would not be surprised if GCHQ has a swimingpool sized machine for brute force key cracking dunked in some type of cooling liquid. The NSA would just chuck money at the problem.
Re:minimum temperature (Score:2, Funny)
Re:minimum temperature (Score:2)
I dare you to try pouring some of it on your jeans (while wearing them
safety gear (Score:3, Funny)
Not Quite (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Not Quite (Score:2, Insightful)
Re:Not Quite (Score:2)
Re:Not Quite (Score:3, Funny)
Re:Not Quite (Score:2, Insightful)
Consider a heatsink. It removes lots of heat from a CPU, but generates no heat at all. That said, any devices which cools something beyond ambient temperature will generate heat of its own, which is nearly what you said.
Re:Not Quite (Score:2)
If the cooling device is active (i.e. requires energy other than the heat it is moving to operate), it generates some waste heat.
Sorry to be a pedant, but your model leaves out active cooling devices that try valiantly to cool their subject below ambient temperature, but can't quite keep up.
Re:Not Quite (Score:2)
No, it's not cold enough unless it can withstand a slashdotting without bursting into flames.
I think they should have spent more time cooling their webserver, cause that puppy's crisp. Or mysql melted down...ba da dum dum dum, another mysql bites the dust...
Re:Not Quite (Score:5, Informative)
http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/6e.
Re:Not Quite (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Not Quite (Score:2)
Tough luck on the beer.
IMAGINE.... (Score:5, Funny)
Umm.....
Billy Bob? (Score:3, Funny)
Cold feet (Score:4, Funny)
Forget cold feet... (Score:4, Informative)
Forget the cold feet, it's going deaf from the noise all that cooling generates that is your real problem. What's the point of having a PC that's so loud that you need to wear ear mufflers to be able to use it or else risk losing your hearing?
Being able to hear yourself think while you work or hear the in-game audio while you play is a good thing.
Practical application? (Score:4, Funny)
Nice. (Score:4, Funny)
neverending quest? (Score:5, Funny)
big and heavy? (Score:5, Funny)
You talking about my wife?
Re:big and heavy? (Score:2, Funny)
absolute zero? (Score:5, Funny)
Spending that kind of money on overclocking... (Score:5, Interesting)
I thought you did that to get more out of your CPU than what you paid for.
If you are spending more on the cooling than on the computer, then why not get a faster one, or a second one (or dual, or whatever)?
Heh, I guess there's the whole hobby "I do it because it's fun!" thing that explains it...
To put it another way: (Score:3, Funny)
(with apologies to Inigo Montoya)
Re:To put it another way: (Score:3, Funny)
(with apologies to Inigo Montoya)
-Have you ever heard of Aristotle, Socrates, Plato?
-Yes.
-Morons!
Re:To put it another way: (Score:2)
-It's possible. I kill lots of people.
[...]
-Life is pain, highness. Anybody who says different is selling something.
Re:Spending that kind of money on overclocking... (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:Spending that kind of money on overclocking... (Score:3, Insightful)
Yes, but as I said in my original post, wouldn't the "most bang" come from buying other CPUs, instead of making the one(s) you have run X% faster, with that money?
I'll bet that cooling rig is worth a bunch of Opterons...
Re:Spending that kind of money on overclocking... (Score:2, Insightful)
Re:Spending that kind of money on overclocking... (Score:3, Insightful)
Damaging to the machines? (Score:5, Interesting)
Re:Damaging to the machines? (Score:3, Interesting)
They have no idea at all how much lower they can go before they fail.
Same with maxima.
Re:Damaging to the machines? (Score:3, Interesting)
The finnish ... (Score:5, Funny)
Re:The finnish ... (Score:2, Funny)
Re:The finnish ... (Score:2, Funny)
counterproductive (Score:3, Funny)
Re:counterproductive (Score:2)
Why? (Score:5, Insightful)
Hey, I can appreciate water cooling. Keep the chip at basically room temperature, it increases its life and the OC'ers can push it a bit. But -100? WHY??? What possible use can this serve?
It doesn't even seem "cool" at this point (beyond the obvious pun). Wasting hundreds of watts, taking up way too much room (extra-large form-factor, anyone?), needing a fork-lift to move it... How does any of that benefit the PC or user?
Some things have an upper limit to what still constitutes "bigger/better/faster/harder". This definitely crosses that line with regard to chip cooling techniques.
Re:Why? (Score:5, Interesting)
If you can keep a chip at 0 celsius (as you can with many PC cooling units out there), you can get at least another 1GHz out of your chip, meaning your 3GHz PC is now a 4GHz power house.
And so it goes with the lower you go. At -100C you could probably keep your 3GHz PC up at around the 14GHz area, which is way faster than anything on the market. Isn't it worth the money on cooling to experience a slice of tomorrow?
Re:Why? (Score:5, Informative)
This works to a point...but there are physical limits to how fast a present-day chip can be overclocked. Aside from potential limits on how fast gates can switch inside the chips, you start running into concerns about things like the speed of light.
At a hypothetical 15 GHz, light will travel 2 centimetres (about 0.8 inches) per clock cycle. The Pentium 4 die is about 1.7 cm on a side, with a 2.1 cm diagonal. If one corner of the chip needs to talk to the other corner of the chip, it will take a minimum of two clock cycles just for the signal to travel there and back--and that neglects the fact that electrons move slower than light. You can bet that Intel's designers didn't anticipate those kinds of timing issues.
So you might be able to clock a 3 GHz chip to 4 or 4.5 GHz with this setup, and do so much more stably with less wear and tear on the chip--but you're not going to be able to scale the chip's speed to 10 or 15 GHz.
worse than that, even. (Score:2)
If your clock is running high enough that the longest distance between buffer flip-flops is too far for the signal to reach, you'll have unreliable stability, obviously.
And since intel, amd et al. never intended this particular class of chips to reach 15 gh
Re:Why? (Score:4, Informative)
Actually, just to nitpick: they did.
There are two (maybe three? I can't remember off the top of my head) pipeline stages in the P4 which are "drive" stages - stages where the pipeline does nothing except wait for data to travel from one side of the chip to another.
It was part of Intel's design to allow the clockspeed of the chips to reach ~ 10 GHz.
Now, that being said, that's the fundamental design, not the current design. Almost definitely a modern chip can't run even twice as fast as its rated clock speed. The chance of the margins being that large are just zero.
Re:Why? (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Why? (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Why? (Score:4, Interesting)
The electrons won't move anymore?
With all due respect (since your actual point is correct), you're certainly wrong in regards to electron 'movement'. Unless you're talking about absolute zero (which I doubt, considering the simpleness of your statement), the stage where extreme cooling creates a problem would be when we reach the superconductive state. At this critical temperature, the electrons exhibit the Cooper-Pair phenomenon and exhibit a total spin number of zero. Since they no longer have the same spin, they are exempt from most principles (Pauli's in particular) and so can all drop down to the 1s orbital.
In short, the electrons don't stop moving. In fact, they drop to such a state where they can theoretically move with zero resistance (although drift velocity and the randomness of their wave equations would come into play here).
What you should actually be pointing at is the design of the chip, which may not simply be able to do more, regardless of how much heat is dissipated due to consumption (generating lattice fluctuations and increasing resistance). As well, quantum tunneling becomes a major issue, but this isn't as important as the sheer limit of the architecture.
Why Not? (Score:5, Insightful)
Why climb the mountain? Because it is there.
Doing it just for the sake of having done it is enough, if that is what you want to do.
Enthusiast Market (Score:2, Interesting)
Example: A rig with a barton 2500 (pre the multiplier locking bs AMD pulled) comes stock at 1.83 ghz.. with a good hsf you could probably get 2.5ghz but not much more than that becuase the power you need to pump into it, if you can get that processor running at
Re:Why? (Score:2)
I'm not sure what the point of going so frigid as most life, power and frequency derating curves start at 25 degrees C. Temperatures below that usually get little benefit of going higher because of limits other than temperature.
Re:Why? (Score:2)
Some things have an upper limit to what still constitutes "bigger/better/faster/harder". This definitely crosses that line with regard to chip cooling techniques.
It's the fun of it - not just because anyone can go grab a refrigerator, pay for the price of running it, and
What about cracking? (Score:2, Interesting)
Guess 'optimal' isn't as absolute as it seems (Score:2, Insightful)
This is interesting, and impressive, and admirable as an engineering exercise, but not exactly in persuit of mainstream 'optimal' performance characteristics. (Unless I RTFA and find that the processor does indeed last a good long time, and not burn bright and die out
and to think what that money would have bought... (Score:2)
I don't suppose he considered, oh, say, a dual/quad xeon/amd-64?
AMD 64 bit dual rackmount boxes are about $2.5k these days with low-end disk, and they'd probably kick the crap out of whatever he's got.
Or he could go for some really big iron.
I personally can't wait until he gets his electric bill- refrigeration units are VERY power hungry.
Re:and to think what that money would have bought. (Score:2)
depending on what he heats his house with the bill might be ridiculous though, though i'm guessing the use for this rig will mainly be for short oc record runs(and as such might save a bundle as he doesn't need to get dry ice or liquid nitrogen for those attempts anymore).
suc
it's good to know (Score:3, Funny)
Money making side usage... (Score:2)
Stage 1 is -40C (Score:3, Funny)
Re:Stage 1 is -40C (Score:2)
Its where the two scales meet.
4.4 ghz (Score:2, Informative)
Article Text (Score:5, Informative)
Summary: Four (4) compressors cooling one PC! Yes its big, yes its heavy, yes its loud and YES IT DOES GET YOUR CPU AND GPU COLD - VERY COLD - EVEN DAMN COLD! Is -100C cold enough for you?
Intro
If you are an overclocker you know that keeping things cool is the key for big clockspeeds. The cooler that comes with the CPU ain't going to get you very far. It must be replaced with better cooling if you want to get really high clocks out of your hardware. But what is good enough? Even the biggest and baddest heatsinks won't get your temps much colder - in other words they wont give you much extra in terms of MHz. Watercooling is a nice option cos it has huge cooling capacity but does it really give you a big gain in CPU speed? Usually no because it can't get colder than the air cooling the water. So what can you do if you really need to get more speed out of your system??
Vaporphase cooling is the answer here. Vaporphase cooling is what keeps your freezer and ice cream cold. Vaporphase cooling is what 'all the xtreme-overclockers' are using nowadays. Several people have noticed that going from +40C to -40C makes quite a difference in CPU overclocking potential (talking about 200-600MHz here). There are even commercial solutions that go all the way down to -40C and even a bit colder. If you feel that you must get one of these just go to nVentiv website, check who is your local reseller and get one
But what if you are a real speedfreak and -40C ain't cold enough for you?? Well there is always dryice (-79C) or Liquid Nitrogen (-196C) or even liquid Helium (-268.6 C) for you but the problem is that its not really possible to get constant CPU cooling with these. LN2 and helium are actually too cold for your little CPU - it just wont operate properly at such low temps.
But you know those low-temp freezers they use in labs? Those that go down to like -80..-100C and can maintain the temperature. Good temps for CPU cooling eh?
These are cascade vaporphase coolers. They are called cascades because of multiple cooling stages (normally two). First stage uses 'normal' refrigerant like R404 or R507 and cools down to around -40C. The second stage uses a special low temp refrigerant like R23 or SUVA95 or R1150 and can get the temperature down to -100C level. The first stage evaporator is cooling down the condenser of the 2nd stage - this makes it possible to use a refrigerant with very low boiling point in the 2nd stage. Normal cascade design uses two compressors - one per stage. This also means that it is not a very compact cooler.
Here is a picture of such a freezer (the door has been ripped off):
Cascade cooling is yet another chapter in my neverending quest for optimal PC performance. I've tried quite a few cooling solutions already (waterchillers, peltiers, R404 vaporphase, dryice, ln2 etc.) but cascade vaporphase was something new to me.
This time I was lucky enough to locate not only one but TWO cryofreezers - both were supposed to be broken - so I got them for free.
The first one (the one in the picture on page 1) had problems with the system fan and because of that the owners decided to send it to the junkyard. True, there really was a problem with the fan. It didn't blow any air at all - but then again no power was coming to the fan powerconnector. I made external power input for the fan and it started to work nicely. With the freezer door closed it would get the inside temp down to -91C.
Obviously it would do nothing for PC cooling in its original form so I had to convert it to a CPU cooler.
Testing cascade stage 1 - its charged with R404 refrigerant and it went down to -40C.
2nd stage parts installed - CPU cooler is ready for a test run.
Its working! First test run got it down to almost -100C with no heatload. Pretty good with R23 refrigerant (boiling point @1bar = -82C).
Here is a picture of the evaporator installed on P4 motherboard. I was using a 3GHz P4 CPU here and it would clock to around 3.6-3.7GHz with good heatsink. W
Space/time/money (Score:5, Insightful)
Well duh. Do you think we don't understand the value of time, space, and money and can't do an investment/return calculation?
This is cool because they can do it. It's on Slashdot because lots of us think it's nifty to turn a 2.2GHz processor into a 4+GHz processor.
Yes, it does cost more, take more space, and more time to set up than two 3GHz machines, or even a dual processor 3GHz.
But it's like my high school instructor telling me 10 years ago that making a microcontroller controlled light dimmer [ubasics.com] is non-trivial. I did it then, and it requires fewer than 25 lines of assembly code [ubasics.com] on a simple microcontoller. Was I geeked when I finished? You bet.
People are constantly trying to break records, and this is no exception. The higher the record is set, the more effort and resources must be put in to beat it.
-Adam
Why is it becoming harder to post on slashdot? 4/5 of the time I get an incomplete page when I press submit or preview.
But what about the other components? (Score:2)
Mirror (Score:5, Informative)
Go easy on her, it's on my ISPs web space. Wait a minute, I'm still upset about not have truely unlimited access so on second thought: bag on it! ;)
Re:Mirror (Score:2)
All that cooling (Score:2, Funny)
Freezer? (Score:2, Interesting)
too complicated (Score:3, Insightful)
Jeez... (Score:3, Funny)
Useful! (Score:2, Funny)
They may have a cool computer (Score:2)
Condensation? (Score:3, Interesting)
When he temp-tested the main die, it was covered in frost. Now obviously, this setup was only done to set records, so he's not running it for more than a few minutes.
What do other sub-freezing cooling systems do about the frost?
--
Whats the point when he can just wait a year... (Score:3, Funny)
he's got his 4Ghz , err , industrial freezer!
Re:In alaska... (Score:2)
Re:I don't get it (Score:2, Insightful)
Re:Someday (Score:2, Interesting)
Re:Someday (Score:2, Informative)
Re:Someday (Score:2, Informative)
(Affected by magnetism) != conductivity
Re:Already been done (sort of) (Score:2)
Re:okay, so how fast is it? (Score:2)
Re:Does this make it a: (Score:4, Interesting)
Re:they need to put those coolers on their webserv (Score:2)
SlashDotEffect!
*cue the cool music!*
Re:PC - Outside (Score:2)
I have always wanted to put an old Pentium outside in a Minnesota winter for a while just to see what would happen, but never got around to it. I suspect that if you left the computer on all the time, many components li