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Power

Sweden's Incoming Cabinet Says New Reactors Will Be Built (bloomberg.com) 145

An anonymous reader quotes a report from Bloomberg: Sweden's incoming government will ask state-run utility Vattenfall AB to add nuclear power stations as the economy becomes increasingly electrified. "New reactors will be built in Sweden," Ebba Busch, whose Christian Democrat party belongs to an alliance that won the most seats in last month's general election, said at a news conference Friday. The right-wing bloc is slated to become the Nordic nation's government in a parliamentary vote next week. Swedes have debated nuclear energy for decades, but the source has garnered popular support recently amid the ongoing global crunch.

The Nordic nation currently has six reactors, operated mainly by Vattenfall. Atomic energy, hydro power and wind turbines meet virtually all of Sweden's electricity demand. New reactors could be built at the Ringhals facility on the west coast, said Jakob Magnussen, global head of credit research at Danske Bank A/S. But success is far from certain, given recent examples of new reactors in Finland, France and the UK running massively over budgets and construction schedules. For Vattenfall, "it will mean a considerable boost to capex with a very long payback time," Magnussen said. The Swedes' love-hate relationship with the technology began with the first commercial reactor in 1972. But mounting grassroots opposition in subsequent years culminated in a 1980 referendum that ordered lawmakers to dismantle reactors. Polls ahead of last month's election showed that 60% of the population wanted new reactors to complement the drive to expand clean energy. While there is plenty of power when the wind blows, the current crisis has exposed the shortage of stable power, particularly in the south.

Vattenfall decommissioned two units at its Ringhals plant in 2019 and 2020. There were fierce debates through the election campaign as the Moderates accused the government of intervening in the utility's decision. The government maintained it was a commercial decision by Vattenfall. The company has been preparing for a nuclear revival for some time. The first additions could be a new breed of small modular reactors, known as SMRs, which are about a quarter in size compared with the current units. In June, just after the government warned that Sweden was facing an acute power crisis, Vattenfall said it would start an 18-month study into the technology. The first could come online in the early 2030s, the firm said.

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Sweden's Incoming Cabinet Says New Reactors Will Be Built

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  • by Ed Tice ( 3732157 ) on Saturday October 15, 2022 @11:21AM (#62968637)
    Hopefully someday, we will get all of our electricity from the sun and wind. Until then, despite the myriad of problems with nuclear energy, it's either that or violent wars over fossil fuels. So, uh, yeah, build baby build.
    • by Catvid-22 ( 9314307 ) on Saturday October 15, 2022 @01:05PM (#62968853)
      The problem here is the "new" part. TFS says the new reactors would only come on line "someday" in the 2030s. Solar and wind power installations can be built right now at the speed of the paperwork and the shipping. So maybe the compromise is not to shut down current reactors but maintain them well.
      • Based on current timescales we're looking at sometime between December 30th 2039 and December 31st 2039.

        So maybe the compromise is not to shut down current reactors but maintain them well.

        Careful. You can't maintain nuclear plants to new. They have a design life for a reason. Nuclear power has an excellent safety record, but one which we can quickly destroy by pushing already outdated equipment well beyond it's intended design life. The "bathtub curve" is a thing. https://www.weibull.com/hotwir... [weibull.com]

        • Then resources (money, time) might be better deployed on improved energy storage systems, perhaps including the more exotic ones like flywheels (in combination with more traditional electrochemical storage).
      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        EDF is currently saying early 2040s for new reactors.

        They talk about modular reactors, but there aren't any that are commercially proven and in mass production.

        2030s may be optimistic. If SMRs work out they could have an expensive solution by then, but we are still a long way from knowing if they are viable.

        Seems like a waste of time and money, because by the time it happens it will be so hopelessly uncompetitive and the market will be so saturated with wind and solar... People aren't just going to stop int

      • These can all e done. If private enterprise wants to build or maintain reactors, it should be encouraged.
      • It also depends on what sort of "new" they're referring to. If it means "newly built ancient designs based on US 1950s naval reactors", which most reactors are, it's bad. If it means "new designs that are modern, relatively safe, and with minimal problematic byproducts", it's good.
    • Until then, despite the myriad of problems with nuclear energy, it's either that or violent wars over fossil fuels. So

      Nope, or at least not quite. Nuclear is great and all, but it will form part of a future base load supply for our green energy. There's two thins it won't do:
      1. be built in any timeframe to have any affect on our climate targets.
      2. be built in any timeframe to in any way mitigate our fossil fuel dependency.

      Yeah build baby build, but don't pretend that greenlighting a couple of projects (or even many projects) doesn't mean we're not very exposed to fossil fuel supplies in the coming 20 years.

      • I am not pretending that. Nor am I pretending that nuclear and wind/solar are mutually exclusive. Given the high cost (in money and lives) of fossil fuels, all reasonable alternatives should be explored.
  • by aRTeeNLCH ( 6256058 ) on Saturday October 15, 2022 @11:28AM (#62968647)
    If I go by the nay sayers, this will end in catastrophy, or at least not help against climate change. The plants will come online too late, and deliver too little power, just creating too much waste, saddling up future generations with our generation's crap.

    Then again, the aye sayers will grasp that point, saying the other side at least admits there will be future generations.

    Meanwhile, the true pessimists will point out that the plants will be one more attack point for Putin.

    Personally, I'm all in favour of the Swedes going this way, it's not my money, they probably have enough to also invest in other solutions in parallel without people starving, and IMHO the worst realistic outcome if they actually build and run these plants, is that the energy is quite expensive.

    • nuke waste is better then dirty coal!

      • What I learnt in the 80s in school is that coal actually has more radioactive waste in total per energy delivered, and in those days, that got spread out into the four winds. That may no longer be the case in European/first world plants, but even then you've got to do something about/with it. Also, the nuclear waste of current plants may one day be used in future plans.

        But more importantly, your (our) facts don't outweigh public opinion, everyone has a say nowadays. Strangely, Sweden got to the point of p

    • by gweihir ( 88907 )

      They will not actually go that way. This is just political posturing to cater to the morons that still have not understood how excessively expensive nukes are and how unusable in general. For example, France was always also a power-importer, because their nukes are too slow to react. So when electricity is expensive (peak load) they have to buy electricity and when it is very cheap they have to sell all the excess their nukes produce. Same when it got very hot or very cold: They could not cool their nukes a

      • For example, France was always also a power-importer, because their nukes are too slow to react.

        This doesn't prove that all fission plants aren't flexible enough to adapt quickly to fluctuations, it just proves that the French design can't adjust fast enough.
        • by gweihir ( 88907 )

          For example, France was always also a power-importer, because their nukes are too slow to react.

          This doesn't prove that all fission plants aren't flexible enough to adapt quickly to fluctuations, it just proves that the French design can't adjust fast enough.

          Well, yes. It also does not prove the earth is not flat. Your point? The obvious thing is that the nation going 70% nuclear (and you cannot go over that, nuclear is just wayy to unreliable and inflexible) has screwed themselves over massively. Incidentally, the same problem is true for all large nuclear except for exotic designs like a THTR. Of which both existing prototypes damaged themselves beyond repair. The Chinese are making a new go on it though, maybe they can get it to work.

          • My point is that just because the French designs ard like that doesn't mean that all reactors must have those drawbacks. And, just out of curiosity, how flexible are the reactors used by the US Navy, and how well can they be scaled up?
            • by gweihir ( 88907 )

              US navy is unsuitable for comparison: They have a lot of budget and completely different requirements compared to electricity generation. They also have a different risk model.

          • It should, perhaps, be noted that there are several hundred nuclear submarines in the world. They have no problems whatsoever with maintaining power levels, frequency, that sort of thing, even with the variable outputs that submarines deal with on a daily basis.

            Yes, it's true. Nuclear submarines continue to operate just fine even with large transients in power demand.

            And, since we know how to build reactors that can handle transients, there's no reason to make noise about "nuclear power is only for base

            • by gweihir ( 88907 )

              Sure. Apples and Oranges. If you do not mind your nukes being extremely expensive, low power and having an unacceptable high risk of blowing up (for a civilian installation), you can do that. The only thing your statement shows is that you have no clue about the engineering questions involved. And you have no clue that you are clueless, dues to high arrogance. I call that "idiot of the 2nd order". Generally this is called the "Dunning-Kruger Effect".

              And to make your question even dumber, don't you think if

            • there are several hundred nuclear submarines in the world. They have no problems whatsoever with maintaining power levels, frequency, that sort of thing, even with the variable outputs that submarines deal with on a daily basis.

              Nuclear power is already the most expensive kind of power per Wh generated, and using those kind of reactors is only possible with a trained crew of significant size despite the fact that they are much smaller than a commercial reactor. Nuclear is already the most expensive kind of power around, and you want to raise costs by an order of magnitude. Great plan!

      • Your reasoning is sound looking back, but the implication that how things were done is how they always will be done is incorrect. There are surely technical ways to implement nuclear power plants to follow the load.

        Aside that, you can be smug about France buying expensive electricity and selling cheap electricity, in the mean time they have had the lowest carbon footprint for electricity in all of Western Europe (and perhaps the world?) since the 70s. If all of Europe had walked the same path, the bind we

      • They will not actually go that way. This is just political posturing to cater to the morons that still have not understood how excessively expensive nukes are and how unusable in general. For example, France was always also a power-importer, because their nukes are too slow to react. So when electricity is expensive (peak load) they have to buy electricity and when it is very cheap they have to sell all the excess their nukes produce. Same when it got very hot or very cold: They could not cool their nukes anymore and had to import at premium prices. See any problem with that economical model? It is no surprise EDF is bankrupt now despite massive subsidies all along.

        I know right... France sucks. They are only Europe's single most net exporter of energy while having amongst lowest carbon emissions from electrical energy in Europe. All countries with similar or lower electrical carbon are dominated by hydro and nuclear.

        Even with France's stupid decision to reprocess fuel it's kicking ass while the rest of Europe day dreams of windmills and PV farms.

        Nuclear power in the US enjoys the highest availability of all energy sources with a capacity factor far above 90%.

        • by gweihir ( 88907 )

          They are only Europe's single most net exporter of energy

          No. They are not. They used to be but only in off-hours. In peak-hours they had to import in the past. So they exported a lot of electricity at low prices and imported
          electricity at high prices. Note something wrong here? There is a reason EDF is bankrupt, despite _massive_ subsidies in the past. The only purpose the French nuclear industry serves these days is as a good example of how to fail.

          • No. They are not.

            Yes, when historic fleet wide maintenance issues are dealt with later in the year they will go back to being the worlds top electricity exporter.

            They used to be but only in off-hours.

            They typically export far more than they consume throughout the entire day and make billions yearly doing it. Detailed data is readily available to anyone who cares to check straight from the primary source.
            https://www.rte-france.com/en/... [rte-france.com]

            So they exported a lot of electricity at low prices and imported electricity at high prices. Note something wrong here?

            I note your facts are wrong.

            There is a reason EDF is bankrupt, despite _massive_ subsidies in the past. The only purpose the French nuclear industry serves these days is as a good example of how to fail.

            France's nuclear industry is indeed fucked up due to dual use in nuclear weapons production and co

            • by gweihir ( 88907 )

              At the end of the day France is still kicking ass.

              Talk about being really deep in delusion.

    • We've been doomed since the 80s. It's too late for us now. We'd best just get used to watching everything die around us while the rich just consolidate their wealth and the poor starve.
      • So the way to survive is to be rich? Working on it. Living in Switzerland already. BTW, the canton of Zurich, where I live, gets 76% of electricity from hydro, and 100% from renewable sources.
    • Meanwhile, the true pessimists will point out that the plants will be one more attack point for Putin. [...] IMHO the worst realistic outcome if they actually build and run these plants, is that the energy is quite expensive.

      The worst realistic outcome is an attack or simply a failure causing radioactive material to be spread across significant portions of the continent.

      • That's the worst possible, but all things considered not to most realistic outcome.
        • It doesn't have to be the most realistic outcome to be a realistic outcome. The severity is sufficient to make it a significant concern.

          • Well there we agree. It is significant, and has to be taken into account. But it's not a deal breaker.
  • Population of Sweden = 10 million.

    • Actually this will shrink to about 9 million as the anti immigration policies, pro-crime policies and welfare cuts gets implemented one by one.

      Brain drain is coming to Sweden folks!

      • I'm afraid that you are quite correct. The agreement the coming administration have made is awful to say the least.
    • The population number doesn't matter, right now we are supplying electricity to e.g Germany, in fact we export so much electricity to the rest of Europe right now that prices have skyrocketed here at home (which is one of the reasons behind this drive to build new reactors).
    • The point is that a country with a population of 10 million cannot easily be translated into a model for a country such as the US with a population of some 350 million, nor most of the large other countries in Europe, much less Asia.

  • by krullis ( 9843484 ) on Saturday October 15, 2022 @12:21PM (#62968743)
    Some background. Sweden currently sits as the largest power exporter in Europe, both in absolute numbers and dwarfing countries like Germany per capita (10:1). Mostly due to the French nuclear power plants aging and their maintenance. France dropped from being the largest net exporter to a net importer. The country has more than 25% excess of power for the most part of the year. Neighbors like Finland, Denmark and the Baltic countries rely on the Swedish excess and export as are chronic net importers. They never reach balance. So a lot of excess for the most of the time. But when temperatures drop, like they do on a few really cold winter nights, once every 10 years or so (on avg.) there might be a shortage. 1980ies: Nuclear, now with a bad rep (grassroot mvmt., mentioned in the article), Sweden eventually shut part of the reactors down (Barsebäck). As a result there were shortages at the time. So Sweden replied by cutting export to Denmark at one point. Upon which Denmark SUED Sweden in the European courts for restricting export to save their own network. This was the background that led the country into power zone division. Sweden used to have one market zone for the entire country. So this is a country with a lot of excess power dragged along with the fuel prices and the open market. Adding to the problems is that countries are now totally dependent on Sweden for power and rotational mass against wind turbines. So. Excess power, still wanting and needing more. Because country-wise deficiency is now built in and the burden is shared through open markets and HVDC lines.
    • And add in that the export is sky rocketing the prices in the south parts of Sweden (since that is the power zone that exports to Germany) since the Germans are willing to pay very much for the electricity.
  • by drwho ( 4190 ) on Saturday October 15, 2022 @12:32PM (#62968773) Homepage Journal

    The more nuclear power plants the better. Sure, I'd like some next-gen designs but we (the world) and Sweden can't wait for those to be tested and approved.

    • The more nuclear power plants the better. Sure, I'd like some next-gen designs but we (the world) and Sweden can't wait for those to be tested and approved.

      Unfortunately it will take a bit longer for all the old hippies to die off. They have been holding us back for decades, but they won't last forever. Younger generations are much less afraid of technology.

    • by cusco ( 717999 )

      Terra Power has been waiting for permission to test the new designs for over a decade, my understanding is that they got tired of waiting and have gone to China.

      This is what happens when you have regulatory agencies in thrall to entrenched industries.

      • Terra Power has been waiting for permission to test the new designs for over a decade, my understanding is that they got tired of waiting and have gone to China.

        Good, that's a great place for them. Let them shit up China with their inevitable failures instead of some country where some of the residents care about the environment.

  • by gweihir ( 88907 ) on Saturday October 15, 2022 @01:25PM (#62968897)

    That will not happen as soon as they have to admit how much they will cost and how little that money will buy. They are just posturing.

    • A problem is that it will take 10y before we know if Vattenfall will go through with it or not. Except for one party on the left (with only 5% of the votes so small party) the middle and left parties are not anti-nuclear so the plans will at least survive elections.
      • by gweihir ( 88907 )

        A problem is that it will take 10y before we know if Vattenfall will go through with it or not. Except for one party on the left (with only 5% of the votes so small party) the middle and left parties are not anti-nuclear so the plans will at least survive elections.

        Well, Vattenfall hopes to transfer a lot of taxpayer money into their pockets for a product that is somewhere between "mediocre" and "bad". Of course, _they_ would want to do it.

  • I can hear it... it sounds kind of wet & slappy... Has this news got a few too many /.-ers a bit too excited?
  • It's the logical, rational choice in a world that is closer every single day to entirely discontinuing the use of fossil fuels, so you may hate that, but it's reality.
  • It should be concerning to everyone when Nazi-Lite parties begin building nuclear facilities. For those who don't know, in Europe "Christian Democrat" parties were the rebranded Nazi parties established by former Nazi officials who weren't executed for one reason or another after WW2. That's not hyperbole; that's history.

God doesn't play dice. -- Albert Einstein

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