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Power

Belgium Shuts Down Nuclear Reactor For First Time (aa.com.tr) 235

In compliance with the country's nuclear phase-out law, Belgium's Doel 3 reactor was shut down on Friday after being in operation for 40 years. From a report: Despite the energy crisis in Europe, the nuclear reactor in the town of Doel, north of the port city of Antwerp, will close on Friday. This is the first time a nuclear reactor will be permanently shut down in Belgium. The Doel 3 reactor, one of four reactors of the Doel Nuclear Power Plant, will disconnect from the grid at 21.15 local time due to the nuclear phase-out law enforced by past governments. The 1,006 megawatt-hours capacitated reactor was built in 1978, was grid connected in 1982, and operated for 40 years. Belgium hosts a total of seven reactors, four of which are at the Doel Nuclear Power Plant close to the Dutch border, while three are located at the Tihange Nuclear Power Plant, close to the Germany and Luxembourg border. The electricity produced by these reactors meets about half of the country's needs.

After the Russia-Ukraine war, Belgium decided to extend the operation period of the Doel 4 and Tihange 3 reactors by 10 years to avoid energy supply shortages. The reactors were previously planned to close in 2025. Decisions taken by previous governments prescribed that the Doel 3 and the Tihange 2 reactors would shut down in September and February next year, respectively. With the looming energy crisis, however, the current government started to work on extending the operation period of these reactors. Negotiations between the operators and the government concluded that it was not technically and legally possible to postpone the Doel 3 shutdown process at this stage.

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Belgium Shuts Down Nuclear Reactor For First Time

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  • by simlox ( 6576120 ) on Monday September 26, 2022 @06:22AM (#62914053)
    And they expect us to help them when there isn't enough energy this winter? (Said coming from a country where the a ti-nuclear movement won years ago so we never had nuclear power plants..)
    • Iâ(TM)ll make you a deal: you share some electricity, and weâ(TM)ll share some much more hard to get by liquid gas that is flowing in in abundance in Zeebrugge? Or: there might be more going on than some blind closing of a nuclear power plant.
      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        by Freischutz ( 4776131 )

        Iâ(TM)ll make you a deal: you share some electricity, and weâ(TM)ll share some much more hard to get by liquid gas that is flowing in in abundance in Zeebrugge? Or: there might be more going on than some blind closing of a nuclear power plant.

        ...and a fat lot of good that will do them when they don't have a natgas power plant to burn the gas in. The hands down easiest thing to do here is either to change the law, solve the technical problems and get that reactor back online or install a whole bunch of renewable capacity and grid storage (Belgium being mostly flatland-n-all). Even then, building a natgas plant will probably still be quicker and cheaper in terms of construction than building a new nuclear reactor. The long term costs of buying nat

        • Eur 0,00 for wind and sun? good luck with that.

          I will also just note Belgium is at a northern latitude and you're expecting solar to be your lifeline during winter for heating???

          THAT'S COMEDY.

          • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

            by Locke2005 ( 849178 )
            I'd say wind and tidal would be better chances for Belgium, although looking at a map tidal seems like a much better choice for the Netherlands than Belgium. I wouldn't be decommissioning any power plants right now; I'd be leaving them on standby to meet unexpected peak demand.
          • by guruevi ( 827432 )

            200 days of rain. LeT's Do SoLaR.

        • by Luckyo ( 1726890 ) on Monday September 26, 2022 @10:27AM (#62914583)

          While the price of capital to build that wind and solar capacity is rapidly going to the heavens. And that's before the fact that coldest days are not windy and being in the north, not too sunny either. So this is the form of power that overproduces when you have little need for it, and doesn't produce almost anything when you really need it.

          So those two are fundamentally unsuitable for purposes of winter heating nations in colder climates even if you could install enough of them like Germany already did. They have something like double their peak consumption in nominal solar and wind capacity. And they're now having a wave of bankruptcies and production stoppages among companies because they can't produce only when it's windy and sunny and then have to shut down their industrial processes in unpredictable manner when it doesn't because power price goes to insane levels. We're not talking some small actors either. You have the likes of VolksWagen announcing that they're going to be moving production out of Germany because they can't cope with constant spikes in electricity prices because CCGTs that were supposed to smooth out the wind and solar price spikes are now extremely expensive to run as well.

          And that's before winter with gas storage capacity filled almost to the brim. The reason everyone is so worried in those nations is because we're moving into the revolution territory with those electricity prices and what seems to be rapidly upcoming de-industrialization of many countries who foolishly overinvested in wind and solar expecting that there will be enough cheap gas to smooth out the times when it doesn't produce. Those nations are so desperate that they're quietly demounting jet engines from jets for winter and hooking them up to generators in hope of extracting at least some hilariously expensive energy to smooth out wind and solar spikes so entire grid doesn't come down, because they can go online in seconds rather than minutes that it takes most CCGT peakers. Because they now understand that they have overinstalled wind and solar and their grids are teetering on the brink.

          But you can't tell that to the public, because Green movement has a religious strangehold on highly educated humanists in large cities. That is they have a stranglehold on what used to be called "journalistic profession", which is nothing but propaganda profession for their cult today. That's why we're closing down nukes in Germany and Belgium in the middle of the biggest electricity generation crisis of our lifetimes by far. Engineers can only do so much when religious nutjobs tell them that The Science and it's High Priests say that all of the good, average and bad options are Evil and will cause a Doomsday, leaving them with only unsuitable options to work with.

          • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

            German wind power peaks in the winter: https://www.cleanenergywire.or... [cleanenergywire.org]

            They would be much better off if they were using electricity for heating, but they are stuck with gas. They should have retrofitted more heat pumps and used the increased demand to fund installation of even more renewable power.

            Renewables are a lot better from an investment standpoint. They cost less, and come online much faster than nuclear and even fossil fuel plants. They are also extremely cheap to operate because there is no fuel,

        • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

          by guruevi ( 827432 )

          There are no technical issues with keeping Doel online. This is just a 'green' goal that was set decades ago. The plant should have an operational lifetime of at least 60 and many are even estimating beyond 100 years.

          • In theory.

            In practice this particular plant has plenty of problems, one in particular are thousands of fine ruptures in the pressure vessel. And that is only the tip of the iceberg.

            I guess if you google a bit harder, you find a very long list of defects which are the reason why the plant is going offline before 2025.

    • They are shutting it down because it's not technically possible to keep it running. That's buried at the bottom of the summary, which no one reads, but you don't even have to RTFA to find that out, only why

      • by test321 ( 8891681 ) on Monday September 26, 2022 @09:19AM (#62914409)

        More specifically: They were planning the shut off for 5 years, so 1) They did not order more nuclear fuel (3 years delivery time) and 2) they did not hire new engineers (training time 3 years). They don't have a solution to keep it running during this winter so there's not much a point to delay the closure.

        Source: Peter Moens, Director of the Doel power plant (and former engineer at the plant) https://www.lalibre.be/economi... [lalibre.be]

    • by gtall ( 79522 ) on Monday September 26, 2022 @07:19AM (#62914133)

      get your panties out of a twist, from the article:

        "After the Russia-Ukraine war, Belgium decided to extend the operation period of the Doel 4 and Tihange 3 reactors by 10 years to avoid energy supply shortages. The reactors were previously planned to close in 2025.

      Decisions taken by previous governments prescribed that the Doel 3 and the Tihange 2 reactors would shut down in September and February next year, respectively.

      With the looming energy crisis, however, the current government started to work on extending the operation period of these reactors. Negotiations between the operators and the government concluded that it was not technically and legally possible to postpone the Doel 3 shutdown process at this stage."

      So the government is interested in extending the life of their reactors but Doel 3 was too far gone to do that with.

    • by SomeoneFromBelgium ( 3420851 ) on Monday September 26, 2022 @08:57AM (#62914327)

      In short: yes we do...
      As another comment already remarked: we do have a big LNG terminal so we should be fine.
      And as also remarked elsewhere: the decision to close this power plant was taken long before by the previous (mostly right wing and certainly not Green) government.
      The idea was to close even more power plants but these plans have been changed. So there ARE some more of your beloved nuclear power plants working for a bit longer.

      But why close them in the first place?
      First en foremost: cost. Keeping them running increases the cost of electricity for everyone. Due to a complex interplay of regulations and market forces everyone pays extra for the electricity of nuclear powerplants. Just like the today prices of electricity are heavily influenced by the gas prices even when you buy 100% wind energy. And yes, before anyone remarks it, this has to do with the base load capacity.

      Another issue with nuclear power plants also has to do with base load capacity: since nuclear power plants cannot power up and power down at will (the current power down has been planned for months and will take a week to complete) it follows that nuclear power is the first in line to deliver power. This means that if the base load of a nuclear power plants in the network is very high it starts to be economically unviable to deliver wind or other renewable energy to the grid since these power sources would only serve to fill the 'gaps' in power demands. And this despite a lower price for these forms of energy.
      This means that as you try to transition to more renewable energy you have to take nuclear power (at least partially) out of the equation.

      Next: clean-up. There has been considerable discussion about who has to pay for the costs of the dismantling of the power plant. In the discussion about a possible prolongation it has also been made clear that the costs must be carried by the owner. In that powerplay the government has made it clear that when they were threatening to close some of the power plants they meant business. And recently a law has been passed that establishes the responsibilities of the power plant owner in the clean-up process. Certainly this issue is not fully resolved but at least there is some movement in the right direction.

      Lastly: why these reactors? Because serious defects have been detected during a recent (a few years back) safety check.

    • by higuita ( 129722 )

      https://app.electricitymaps.co... [electricitymaps.com]

      switch to production and then to 30days
      you can see that BE had around 11GW/h of nuclear capability and now have around 10GW/h of capacity... so that agrees with the 1GW/h of nuclear power of the article

      now look to the output, always a little less than 5GW/h... so about 50% of the capacity. This means that this reactor was old and already little used (possible with already some minor problems) and that is way it was shutdown. If needed, the remaining nuclear reactors can be p

  • by poptopdrop ( 6713596 ) on Monday September 26, 2022 @06:27AM (#62914059)

    Time the greens of the world got it in their heads that the world has a climate problem, and we need to solve that before we can afford to indulge them in their trendy anti-nuclear stance.

    • It's not the "greens" that have been blocking onshore wind and increased transmission capacity in Europe. Those are the only things that can deliver sufficient capacity fast enough to solve the energy crisis. The UK's Conservative party banned development of onshore wind farms [theconversation.com] at just the moment that it was most convenient to Gazprom [theguardian.com].

      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        by DarkOx ( 621550 )

        They are right to do it too. Renewables mostly suck for an environmental standpoint unless you have myopia that blinds you to anything other than carbon cycle impacts.

        Everytime someone goes OMG OMG a mass extinction even is occurring - derp must be global warming - realize that an equally big part of that is habitat destruction. Unbroken Also realize unbroken habitat is increasingly being revealed to be really really important to the success of many species. So sure your transmission lines are only a 1000

    • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

      by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      They had no choice. The two reactors that are being shut down were damaged by hydrogen and cannot be repaired. They cannot be safely operated either.

      It's nothing to do with "greens", it's just that the reactors were not designed to operate this long and suffered irreversible damage that was not even detectable in the previous decades. If it wasn't for the invention of new ultrasound testing equipment those reactors would have continued to deteriorate and the probability of an accident would have increased.

      • They had no choice. The two reactors that are being shut down were damaged by hydrogen and cannot be repaired. They cannot be safely operated either.

        It's nothing to do with "greens", it's just that the reactors were not designed to operate this long and suffered irreversible damage that was not even detectable in the previous decades. If it wasn't for the invention of new ultrasound testing equipment those reactors would have continued to deteriorate and the probability of an accident would have increased. It's only due to the Fukushima disaster that they even bothered to check, hoping for good news that would allay people's concerns.

        Actually I think the rationale was more along the lines of "we can't procure fuel or train engineering staff fast enough to keep the reactor on to help with the current crisis." Degradation of the reactor vessel might be a longer term concern, but it isn't the reason the plant won't be running this winter. These aren't simple machines, you don't just decide on a whim to flip them back on like a lightbulb or throw the janitor on the lever to start it up.

        Also, the characterization that any reactor vessel deg

    • by splutty ( 43475 )

      Old reactors get old, and at a certain point it's no longer economically and/or technically feasible to keep them running.

      And then they get shut down.

    • Time the greens of the world got it in their heads that the world has a climate problem, and we need to solve that before we can afford to indulge them in their trendy anti-nuclear stance.

      Until now I have thought that the first lynchings of Greens by angry crowds would take place in Bavaria this winter. Perhaps the shivering Belgians will beat hem to it.

      • by jsonn ( 792303 )
        It's not the Greens that are responsible for the clusterfuck of energy politics in Bavaria. Bavaria is the poster child of NIMBYs in Germany. They blocked new transmission lines and they blocked building wind energy. They should have to pay the price for that...
  • "The 1,006 megawatt-hours capacitated reactor"

    Anyone got any idea what the hell this means?
    • Re: (Score:2, Funny)

      by Guybrush_T ( 980074 )

      A reactor which has a capacity of 1,006 megawatt-hours.

      If you're wondering why they used the word "capacitated", I guess it's because the reactor will soon be... incapacitated.

      • Even ignoring capitalization and that participle, the unit of capacity in an electricity context is the Farad, abbreviated F. That megawatt-hours 'unit' doesn't make any sense at all.

        The Greens and renewable sector are (were?) preying on the scientific illiteracy of the population and sending them down a cold, dark and poor path with false promises.

        • by splutty ( 43475 )

          Capacity is what that word needed to be. Either the editor or the article used the wrong word.

        • If the game here is to be pedantic, then I'd argue capacitance is measured in Farad. Capacity is a generic term for "being capable of" ... for example delivering 1,006 megawatts.

          Now sure, the unit was wrong. It should be "megawatts" or MWe [wikipedia.org]. Power plants are not batteries (for which "capacity" usually refers to watt-hours).

      • Megawatts hours doesn't make sense unless discussing energy bills.
    • by CaseyB ( 1105 )

      1,006 megawatt-hours total. I guess they used all that up, so now they're closing it.

  • Belgium hosts a total of seven reactors, four of which are at the Doel Nuclear Power Plant close to the Dutch border, while three are located at the Tihange Nuclear Power Plant, close to the Germany and Luxembourg border.

    A part of me immediately thought "good fences make good neighbors!" But then the more analytical but only slightly less snarky part of my brain caught up and thought "it's Belgium, isn't everywhere close to the border?"

    • by splutty ( 43475 )

      That was my thought as well. Why do they put those "Close to X border" in. It's entirely pointless.

      North and SE.

    • No. While Belgium is not big, these reactors are really so close to the borders. They would not build a reactor in Brussels, for example.
  • by hackertourist ( 2202674 ) on Monday September 26, 2022 @07:56AM (#62914193)

    In 2012, during the previous 10-year inspection of the reactor, cracks in the reactor vessel were found. It's not surprising they aren't eager to prolong its use.

    • by hackertourist ( 2202674 ) on Monday September 26, 2022 @10:03AM (#62914529)

      Scratch that: there were initial reports of cracks, but those turned out to be false positives: there were stable voids in the reactor vessel wall, not propagating cracks.

      There are 2 problems with keeping Doel 3 open:
      1. personnel has already been reassigned to other reactors (reading between the lines: personnel shortage).
      2. the fuel rods are EOL and would have to be replaced, and those have a lead time of 18 months.

      • I'm not very familiar with the Belgian situation but that basically sounds like the same shit the Germans did. Full steam ahead to decommissioning and then "oh well nothing we could do now" at the last moment about obvious shit.

  • by careysub ( 976506 ) on Monday September 26, 2022 @09:39AM (#62914467)

    No, not specifically now but in general.

    In the 1970s I had a professor who was teaching the history of technology who argued that the problem the nuclear power industry was then facing, in the public (but actually almost completely ineffective) opposition to the plants then being built was that the nuclear power industry had never had an accident since it was so new. This counter-intuitive proposal was based on his study of earlier technologies some of which came with opposition based on fears of what terrible things might happen, but once the technology became normalized the actual accidents that did happen dropped out of public concern (think of car and plane crashes) except for one days worth of news (if that).

    And Three Mile Island arrived (while I was taking the course in fact) and sort of fit the bill. A worst case power reactor accident that killed no people, and did not even permanently shut all of the reactors on the site, which continued operating.

    The abrupt halt of reactor completion in 1980 was due to the abrupt halt in rising electricity demand which all nuclear power projects depended on - customers to buy the power. It flat-lined that year, declined slightly over the next two, and remained nearly flat for 40 years, rising only from population growth. It was not due to "nuclear power opposition" it was simply economics.

    But then there were two other notable nuclear power accidents - Chernobyl and Fukushima. Sure there were numerous anomalous factors in both of these cases (though the second were reactors up to western design standards just very poorly sited) but the important point was that the scale of these accidents far exceeded the worst case that nuclear power proponents had ever imagined or acknowledged. These accidents each displaced hundreds of thousands of people, contaminated food affecting millions of people (mostly because of food stocks that were condemned), and total cost $200-700 billion in current dollars, and the contamination did not remain confined to the sites by any means with substantial areas evacuated for many years or permanently off-limits today.

    Regardless of the all the arguments about how these accidents were atypical or "should not have happened" - they did. And the results were anything but "normalizing". Sure, not dramatic killers but even just the financial impact was staggering as well as the disruption to the communities nearby.

    These two accidents underlay the politics that lead to the phase out of power in European countries where this is happening.

    • by jsonn ( 792303 )
      TMI was not a worst case accident. In fact, it is the poster child for the opposite: why the result can be bad even if the containment mechanisms actually work. The funny part is that almost all nations with nuclear reactors had one form of meltdown or another, but the nuclear fanboys are not willing to acknowledge that. That said, the real reasons why most of Europe is phasing out nuclear power has nothing to do with security, but price.
    • by Zarhan ( 415465 )

      Chernobyl displaced the village of Pripyat and was definitely a disaster, but keep in mind that Kyiv is less than 100 km away and people over there were more or less fine. And it had the ridiculous design with positive feedback loops. Yes, it was a horrible disaster but remember, Ukraine one of the major breadbaskets of the world (as we have witnessed recently) - and that didn't change due to Chernobyl.

      Fukushima...Oh please. Yes, the damn TSUNAMI displaced lots of people. The total number of dead due to the

  • by Voice of satan ( 1553177 ) on Monday September 26, 2022 @11:08AM (#62914657)

    There are things this short article doesn't say.

    Officially, the nuclear phase out was decided for 1999. To please the two small green parties. Then it was delayed. Then a new government would be formed and each time a new date for a nuclear phase out would be set in exchange for the support of the greens. Then delayed. Then a new government would need to be formed and... you get the picture. Always promised, never carried out. There was always a governmental decision to prolong the nuke plants.

    Note that if this little game was not preventing the plants from operating and being refueled, it effectively prevented the Belgians from building new more modern nuclear plants, which were needed.

    Then something happened: The Belgians were unable to form a government for two bloody years. It is still the world record without a government. You need a government to renew the delay of the nuclear phase out. So the decision didn't come. That did not mean the nukes were toast but facing the uncertainty, it is the electricity operator, Engie which decided to stop investing to modernize the plants.

    For a foreign operator: a nuke plant is a big vulnerable investment. And the Belgian government used to tax a lot the nuclear plants. They called it in French the "rente nucléaire". The plant in expensive but the fuel is cheap. With a gas plant it is the opposite: the plant is cheap but the fuel is expensive. If you find you are too taxed and want out of the country you just stop to buy gas and you don't lose too much if you abandon your cheap gas plant.

    It is also a consequence of something which may sound totally unrelated: The high far right vote in Belgium. The fact that a big number of parliament seats belong to a party nobody want to ally with means all the other parties have to form mega coalitions called "cordons sanitaires". This puts small parties in position of kingmakers and allow them to make demands out of proportion with their electoral weight.

    The CO2 per killowathour emitted by Belgium has -of course- augmented since this plant closure.

    Now, some politicians seem to wake up and call for the construction of new nuke plants in Belgium. The support for nuclear is rising. Belgium has a very futuristic project of ADS (Accelerator Driven System) which would be nuclear plant where the spallation would be controlled by a particle accelerator and would not come from a critical mass of fissile material. It would allow it to work in sub critical mode (so no corium in case of catastrophe) and burn spent fuel. (Allowing a quasi infinite supply of free fuel). Lead-bismuth cooled so no radioactive cloud in case of catastrophic failure. Unfortunately the online resources in English on it are not very good.

    It is not precisely for tomorrow either.

  • Plant capacities aren't stated in MWhr, but in MW.

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