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Power Transportation

Airbus Reveals Plans For Zero-Emission Aircraft Fueled By Hydrogen (theguardian.com) 223

Airbus has announced plans for the world's first zero-emission commercial aircraft models that run on hydrogen and could take to the skies by 2035. The Guardian reports: The European aersospace company revealed three different aircraft concepts that would be put through their paces to find the most efficient way to travel long distances by plane without producing the greenhouse gas emissions responsible for global heating. UK holidaymakers and business travellers could fly from London to the Canary Islands, Athens or eastern Europe without producing carbon emissions, should the plans become a commercial reality.

All three of the aircraft concepts rely on hydrogen as a fuel because the only emissions produced when it is burned is water vapor, making it a clean fuel option for heavy vehicles such as planes, trains and trucks. The first of the Airbus concepts could carry between 120 and 200 passengers more than 2,000 nautical miles by using a turbofan design that includes a modified gas-turbine engine running on hydrogen, rather than jet fuel, which could be stored in tanks located behind the plane's rear pressure bulkhead. The second concept, a turboprop design, would also use a modified gas engine but could carry up to 100 passengers for 1,000 nautical miles on short-haul trips.

The aviation giant's plans also include a plane with an "exceptionally wide" body that blends into the plane's wings to open up multiple options for hydrogen storage and the cabin layout. This plane could carry as many passengers as the turbofan design and travel as far too. [...] Airbus said hydrogen planes would also require airports to install hydrogen transport and refueling infrastructure, and government support to upgrade aircraft fleets to allow airlines to retire their older, less environmentally friendly aircraft sooner than planned.

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Airbus Reveals Plans For Zero-Emission Aircraft Fueled By Hydrogen

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  • Zero emissions (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Dunbal ( 464142 ) * on Tuesday September 22, 2020 @03:09AM (#60530678)
    And the hydrogen just appears by magic, eh? Just happens to be lying around? Where does the energy come from to obtain the hydrogen?
    • by dgatwood ( 11270 )

      And the hydrogen just appears by magic, eh? Just happens to be lying around? Where does the energy come from to obtain the hydrogen?

      Natural gas, of course. Wait, what do you mean that produces CO2? I'm starting to think that we need a law that says that if you use the words "Hydrogen" and "zero emissions" to talk about the same product, the word "zero" must be in scare quotes. I mean seriously, it's getting pretty silly.

      Don't get me wrong. Aviation is one of the fields where hydrogen probably makes sense as a power source. The energy density of batteries per kg probably isn't anywhere near what it would need to be for a purely elec

      • Re:Zero emissions (Score:5, Insightful)

        by Viol8 ( 599362 ) on Tuesday September 22, 2020 @03:34AM (#60530704) Homepage

        Not only does steaming it from natural gas produce CO2 but you get less energy from the gas than if you just burned it direct so for ever BTU of hydrogen used approx double the amount of CO2 is released. Hydrogen as a fuel is the worst kind of greenwash imaginable at the moment. In theory it could be produced by nuclear and or renewables but right now there isn't the infrastrcture anywhere in the world to produce enough and probably won't be any time soon.

        • Re:Zero emissions (Score:5, Insightful)

          by AleRunner ( 4556245 ) on Tuesday September 22, 2020 @05:42AM (#60530896)

          Hydrogen as a fuel is the worst kind of greenwash imaginable at the moment.

          (my emphasis)

          "could take to the skies by 2035" - this is a speculative technology reveal designed to get people thinking. There are already large green hydrogen plants coming online (20MW - it's more or less enough to run one jet engine continually - see my post above). You have 15 years of engineering time to come up with a way to scale those up, say 100 to 1000 times and build them at a few airports in western/central Europe in order for this to be a sensible idea. That's completely reasonable.

          You need to reduce the cost of the plants enough and make sure you have decent designs so that it's reasonable to stop and start the plants depending on the cost of electricity during the day. In this case, even if efficiency isn't high, you may end up paying near zero electricity costs just using free capacity from excess wind and solar capacity.

          • by Viol8 ( 599362 )

            Thats all well and good , but solar and wind farms take up physical room and in europe space is limited in a lot of countries so where would you suggest the hundreds of gigawatts of renewable capacity to provide H2 for aircraft and ground transporation be built? Sure, you can uild wind farms in shallow seas but unless you want them along every single coastline (and that won't work for switzerland, austria etc) its not going to happen. Over to you...

            • Scotland alone has enough offshore power to power the entirety of Europe without even breaking sweat. Over to you.

              • by Viol8 ( 599362 )

                Are you serious? Scotland has 8GW of wind power in total (onshore and offshore) which isn't even enough for the whole of scotland never mind europe so unless you're talking about europe in the 1950s you're talking out of your arse.

                • I think GP meant potential power if all possible offshore sites of Scotland are used.

                  • Re: (Score:2, Funny)

                    by Entrope ( 68843 )

                    What is the potential power output from installing massively redundant arrays of rodent-centered electrical generating apparatus in every house? How many hamsters on wheels do you need to power all of Europe? Only about 560 billion! Just think of the green possibilities of this power source. Why, each person would only need to be responsible for about 760 hamsters. This is the solution we need for today's power generation and carbon consumption problems.

                    (0.5 W per hamster wheel, about 2458 TWHr power u

                  • So what you are saying is that the its OK to have an unworkable solution that specifically targets a single nation with all things NIMBY... because....?
              • by tsa ( 15680 )

                Where did you find this?

          • "could take to the skies by 2035" - this is a speculative technology reveal designed to get people thinking.

            So, a PR stunt?

        • by HiThere ( 15173 )

          Reasonable, but possibly wrong. Hydrogen can be more concentrated energy than natural gas. There are questions about the weight of the storage, etc. And it can also, in principle, but produced from energy+water. And the energy could be from solar, wind, nuclear, hydro, etc. Whether that's cost effective is a different question, and at the moment the answer is no. Who knows what it will be in a decade or two.

          My quibble is the "zero emissions" claim. If they're planning a combustion engine, hydrogen bu

          • by Viol8 ( 599362 )

            "Hydrogen can be more concentrated energy than natural gas"

            If it comes from methane in the first place thats irrelevant.It takes energy to extract it from methane and you lose a lot of the potential thermal energy in the process. Its a lose-lose.

      • Re:Zero emissions (Score:5, Interesting)

        by chefren ( 17219 ) on Tuesday September 22, 2020 @03:38AM (#60530712)
        It would require significant investments in electricity production, but it does not have to use natural gas. Here is a similar initiative for another industry that is also a very heavy CO2 emission producer currently (7% of the world's total emissions) - the steel industry: https://www.ssab.com/company/s... [ssab.com] The aim is to replace coal in the blast furnaces with hydrogen in the manufacturing process and to produce said hydrogen with electricity from fossil-free sources.
      • by Megane ( 129182 )

        Methane (the primary component of natural gas) can be carbon neutral if you use a Sabatier process to generate it from water and atmospheric CO2. As I understand it, the usual process to get hydrogen is not nearly as environmentally friendly (it's not electrolysis). It's also much easier to keep methane as a cryogenic liquid, making it one of the better rocket fuels. The main place where hydrogen is strictly better is in a fuel cell to produce electricity.

        I'm just sad that aluminum is mostly immune to hydr [wikipedia.org]

      • For the sake of perspective: Hydrogen is not an energy resource, because it's all been burned up. It's an energy transfer medium that lets you move energy from a resource to a consumer. All the environmental impact takes place in unburning the hydrogen by adding energy extracted from the resource.

        If the resource is a reactor, you effectively have nuclear-powered airplanes.

    • Solar, wind, geothermal, hydro, or nuclear. Lots of zero emissions options.

      Whatâ(TM)s with your oil addiction?

    • Re:Zero emissions (Score:5, Interesting)

      by Freischutz ( 4776131 ) on Tuesday September 22, 2020 @04:51AM (#60530816)

      And the hydrogen just appears by magic, eh? Just happens to be lying around? Where does the energy come from to obtain the hydrogen?

      You could easily generate Hydrogen it from excess grid power that otherwise goes to waste. There are already multiple projects in Europe aimed at high efficency hydrogen production for the purpose of synthesising methane for energy storage. Cutting out the methane bit would be a big bonus if they can solve the technological problems of storing large amounts of hydrogen safely. A modern electrolysis plant today has an energy efficiency of around 80%. If they can make this work economically it will be a big deal for the aviation industry. Side note, if they go with the flying wing I'll go out of my way to fly in one, somewhere, anywhere outside of a war zone, just for the sake of having flown somewhere in a flying wing.

      • by Vihai ( 668734 )

        Exactly how the "excessive grid power" goes to waste?

        • Re:Zero emissions (Score:5, Informative)

          by AleRunner ( 4556245 ) on Tuesday September 22, 2020 @05:54AM (#60530914)

          Exactly how the "excessive grid power" goes to waste?

          Large scale thermal power plants in general, but nuclear power plants especially, especially, are really inflexible and problematic - especially in places like France this is a big problem since they are almost 100% Nuclear. Wind power is easy to stop and start, but the current subsidy structure encourages them to produce anyway so not all wind turbines are fitted with controllable inverters. This means there are times when the price goes really low because the Nuclear plants have to dump the electricity and the wind generators don't get paid to drop off the grid for them. In fact, there have even been times when it's been so desperate that the (wholesale) price of electricity has gone negative and the Nuclear plants were actually paying people to use their electricity.

          At the point that electricity costs are negative, companies that have wholesale contracts will do silly things like running heating in empty buildings since they are being paid for that. This really is electricity going to "waste", though it's needed because the alternative would be to emergency stop the nuclear plant which can take months to recover.

          • especially especially especially - oh well; I guess it's worth emphasising it can be a big problem [limejump.com]

          • Re:Zero emissions (Score:4, Insightful)

            by vyvepe ( 809573 ) on Tuesday September 22, 2020 @08:10AM (#60531078)

            Spot energy prices are rarely negative in France. They are much more often negative in Germany ... especially when wind blows and sun shines. This leads to negative prices in Germany since German law requires to prefer renewables for electricity production. Prices go negative in Germany and this negative price will somewhat spill to neighbouring countries. Nuclear power in France is not such a problem.

            Anyway, this is only about spot prices. Most part of your electricity bill is actually from long term contracts which are never negative. So trying to fuss about occasionally negative spot prices is misleading.

    • by donaldm ( 919619 )

      And the hydrogen just appears by magic, eh? Just happens to be lying around? Where does the energy come from to obtain the hydrogen?

      Err! Water is comprised of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen, so using electrolysis there is no problem producing plenty of Hydrogen. As for the energy used for electrolysis that can come from solar, nuclear or polluting electrical power. Of course, storing a large amount of Hydrogen safely may be a bit problematic.

      That said the Hindenburg sends its best wishes. \(*_*)/

    • For a long time, and still to this day, a large amount of industrial hydrogen is produced from methane and other HYDROcarbon sources. Very little proportionally comes from green energy and cracking water
    • Sunlight for one method.

      https://www.elektormagazine.co... [elektormagazine.com]

  • NOx (Score:4, Insightful)

    by thsths ( 31372 ) on Tuesday September 22, 2020 @03:26AM (#60530700)

    Burning hydrogen still produces NOx. It will take more than just switching to a different fuel to make flying green.

    • Re:NOx (Score:5, Informative)

      by Viol8 ( 599362 ) on Tuesday September 22, 2020 @03:37AM (#60530710) Homepage

      Compared to CO2 NOx is a virtual irrelevancy.as a pollutant (except in city streets) its atmospheric half life is approx 35 HOURS. CO2 is around 200 years.

    • Burning hydrogen still produces NOx. It will take more than just switching to a different fuel to make flying green.

      Not according to the VW emissions regulators....

  • by tgeek ( 941867 ) on Tuesday September 22, 2020 @03:39AM (#60530714)
    Said the designers of the Hindenburg . . .
    • Its so much safer flying aircraft with tons of kerosene on board. Not at all said by the instigators of 9-11.
      • Its so much safer flying aircraft with tons of kerosene on board. Not at all said by the instigators of 9-11.

        Suicidal pilots have taken hundreds of lives before. Hardly takes the threat of hydrogen or terrorism. We're never going to mitigate 100% of this risk, so might as well at least try newer cleaner designs and be as safe as we can be.

    • You donâ(TM)t think technology has advanced a little since the 1930s?

    • Said the designers of the Hindenburg . . .

      . . . especially because we have made no technological progress since 1937.

    • by dunkelfalke ( 91624 ) on Tuesday September 22, 2020 @06:03AM (#60530922)

      An aircraft burning and crashing with only 30% fatalities? Sounds good to me. Compare that to, for example TWA Flight 800. Or to the Concorde crash. Jet fuel burns and explodes very well, you know.

    • Even in our small city, we have a fleet of hydrogen-powered buses (our entire public transportation fleet is either hydrogen or electric). No "Hindenburg" disasters.
  • by bluegutang ( 2814641 ) on Tuesday September 22, 2020 @03:43AM (#60530718)

    and generate the jet fuel by sequestering CO2.

    Yes, sequestering CO2 takes electricity, but in not too long there will be a big surplus of solar energy available at midday to power it.

    • Jet fuel has all kinds of additives and a lot of sulphur. Hydrogen might seriously boost the airport air quality.

      • by necro81 ( 917438 )

        Jet fuel has all kinds of additives and a lot of sulphur. Hydrogen might seriously boost the airport air quality.

        A half-way step would be to capture CO2, add water and energy, and create methane instead of jet fuel. If Airbus can modify a turbofan engine to run on hydrogen, it certain can modify it to run on methane. It would be cleaner burning than jet fuel, require less processing to produce, and is a lot easier to store and handle than pressurized or cryogenic hydrogen.

        As a bonus: methane (natural

      • The sulfur is there because it's expensive to get rid of, not because it does any good. Synthesized fuel can be engineered much more precisely than crude oil can be refined.
  • by FridayBob ( 619244 ) on Tuesday September 22, 2020 @04:40AM (#60530786)
    2035? That's 15 years from now! This is just a stupid concept that no one should take seriously; something to make us think that they really do want to go green some day. They're like the auto industry, only without a Tesla-like competitor: they only way they will ever go green is if governments regulate their asses and drag them into that era kicking and screaming.
    • by Viol8 ( 599362 )

      Hydrogen is an easy win for the aviation industray - they can pretend its green (it most certain ly is not if steamed from natural gas) and RR & GE would only have to tweek their engine designs a little to run on it. Of course what they don't ask is who would want to travel on a plane that had tons of an explosive gas pressurised to 1000 bar beneath their feet? Liquid fuels are dangeorus enough but highly pressurised flammable gases are a whole different ball game.

      • Indeed. The problem with high-pressure cryogenic fuel storage is what ultimately killed the VentureStar [wikipedia.org] project in 2001. Going green is a big problem for airline manufacturers: they might do better to instead invest in the development of sold-state batteries that are energy-dense enough for their needs. Also, I remember that at some point Richard Branson started investing the development of green fuels [cnbc.com] for his fleet: I think that project is probably still ongoing, but turning it into a production system tha
  • by aglider ( 2435074 ) on Tuesday September 22, 2020 @05:13AM (#60530844) Homepage

    0. Whatever we manufacture, being that a hydrogen fuel cell, a lithium battery or a bicycle, we create byproducts and emissions.

    1. 0-emission doesn't exist. Those planes would emit water vapor as the byproduct of burning hydrogen. Lots of water is better than lots of CO2? The fact that we drink water doesn't imply that filling the atmosphere with vapor is a good idea.

    2. By 2035, 15 years from now, is a very looong timespan. You could even predict men on Mars and Venus by that time and even flying cars and bikes, terabit-per-second mobile tech, a cure to all cancers and viruses and so on.

    That article sounds more like a "stock exchange shaker" than a real thing.

    • 1) no shit Sherlock
      2) water vapour is emitted either way - that is what the contrails are made of
      3) 15 years from now is about the time when Airbus was planning to develop the A320 replacement. It is not a long timespan in aircraft manufacturing at all

      • 1) no shit Sherlock

        OK

        2) water vapour is emitted either way - that is what the contrails are made of

        It's all about the emission rates, dude. Even oxygen emitted too quickly would kill everyone alive here!

        3) 15 years from now is about the time when Airbus was planning to develop the A320 replacement. It is not a long timespan in aircraft manufacturing at all

        This is not about a new aircraft, it's about a new aircraft with new engine technology and new fuel mass production. All within 15 years.
        I am arguing that in 15 years none will remember anything unless it will be a reality. This is why I say that's more vaporware than anything else.

        Unless Elon Musk kicked in...

    • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

      Emitting water vapour into the atmosphere is not a big problem, where as CO2 emitted up there is. It's worse than emissions on the ground. While it's not perfect shifting those emissions to somewhere they can potentially be contained, or even mostly eliminated if we use renewable energy to produce the hydrogen, is worthwhile.

      • Emitting water vapour into the atmosphere is not a big problem, where as CO2 emitted up there is. It's worse than emissions on the ground. While it's not perfect shifting those emissions to somewhere they can potentially be contained, or even mostly eliminated if we use renewable energy to produce the hydrogen, is worthwhile.

        For water vapor I think it's all about emission rates.
        For "renewable energy to produce the hydrogen" I wish that a process existed *without* emitting more trash in the atmosphere!
        And in the unlikely case it actually existed, it's still about the emission rates.

  • It's a storage method. So these aircraft are "zero emission" only if the energy stored in the hydrogen (and that needed to get the hydrogen) is zero emission. You can fly a "hydrogen fuelled" aircraft on energy that comes from burning rubber tyres if you really want to.

    So they're only potentially zero emission. And that only if we decide that water vapour and cloud seeding are not problems.

    • Batteries in electric cars are also not a fuel.

      The whole idea is to have carbon neutral enegy sources (like windmills etc) and make that energy mobile such that no other (not carbon neutral) sources would have to be used.

      • by nagora ( 177841 )

        Batteries in electric cars are also not a fuel.

        The whole idea is to have carbon neutral enegy sources (like windmills etc) and make that energy mobile such that no other (not carbon neutral) sources would have to be used.

        Sure, but that's not Airbus's territory. They've no way of knowing whether any given flight is zero emissions or not. But they want the PR.

    • It's funny because in any discussion about clean energy (wind, solar) people say, "you can't use it because the output fluctuates!!"

      And then in any discussion about energy storage (like hydrogen) people say, "this isn't even an energy source, where would you ever get clean energy!!"

      • by nagora ( 177841 )

        It's funny because in any discussion about clean energy (wind, solar) people say, "you can't use it because the output fluctuates!!"

        And then in any discussion about energy storage (like hydrogen) people say, "this isn't even an energy source, where would you ever get clean energy!!"

        The point is that you don't get the clean energy from Airbus.

    • This fucking guy. Because water's such a big problem.
      • by nagora ( 177841 )

        This fucking guy. Because water's such a big problem.

        That's a good point: water is made of hydrogen and oxygen, so I guess you can just filter the hydrogen out with a really fine mesh, right? I feel such a fool.

  • by RoccamOccam ( 953524 ) on Tuesday September 22, 2020 @08:13AM (#60531086)
    Danger Zone!
  • Ok but... (Score:2, Flamebait)

    by h33t l4x0r ( 4107715 )
    Will it melt steel beams?
  • I'm thinking that there's going to be considerable extra weight added to the plane for hydrogen tanks.

    Toyota's Mirai, their hydrogen vehicle, has 2 tanks that weight a combined 87.5kg (193 lbs), rated for 10,000 PSI, and gives it a range of 500 kms.

    Granted, Toyota over-manufactures their product for safety and durability -- but factoring that tank weight up for what is needed for an airplane would increase the overall weight of the plane considerably.
    • I'm sure those Airbus engineers never even considered that! /s
    • A car tank needs to withstand a car crash. Aircraft don't crash as often, and when they do, we accept that they disintegrate, because otherwise we couldn't make them light enough fly.

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