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The Military United States Hardware Technology

One Reason the US Military Can't Fix Its Own Equipment 85

Manufacturers can prevent the Department of Defense from repairing certain equipment, which puts members of the military at risk. Elle Ekman, a logistics officer in the United States Marine Corps, writes: In the United States, conversations about right-to-repair issues are increasing, especially at federal agencies and within certain industries. In July, the Federal Trade Commission hosted a workshop to address "the issues that arise when a manufacturer restricts or makes it impossible for a consumer or an independent repair shop to make product repairs." It has long been considered a problem with the automotive industry, electronics and farming equipment. Senators Elizabeth Warren and Bernie Sanders have even brought it up during their presidential campaigns, siding with farmers who want to repair their own equipment; while the senators are advocating national laws, at least 20 states have considered their own right-to-repair legislation this year.

I first heard about the term from a fellow Marine interested in problems with monopoly power and technology. A few past experiences then snapped into focus. Besides the broken generator in South Korea, I remembered working at a maintenance unit in Okinawa, Japan, watching as engines were packed up and shipped back to contractors in the United States for repairs because "that's what the contract says." The process took months. With every engine sent back, Marines lost the opportunity to practice the skills they might need one day on the battlefield, where contractor support is inordinately expensive, unreliable or nonexistent. I also recalled how Marines have the ability to manufacture parts using water-jets, lathes and milling machines (as well as newer 3-D printers), but that these tools often sit idle in maintenance bays alongside broken-down military equipment. Although parts from the manufacturer aren't available to repair the equipment, we aren't allowed to make the parts ourselves "due to specifications."
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One Reason the US Military Can't Fix Its Own Equipment

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  • by OffTheLip ( 636691 ) on Thursday November 21, 2019 @03:42PM (#59440294)

    Manufacturers can prevent the Department of Defense from repairing certain equipment

    In other words, the Apple defense.

  • by gtall ( 79522 ) on Thursday November 21, 2019 @03:42PM (#59440296)

    When Reagan came in, he pushed for government functions be privatized include parts the military supply system. I don't know whether he had it in mind, but it did have the effect of paying off supporters of the Republicans. The Democrats weren't far behind when they realized a new gravy had been opened up.

    • Engines were routinely pulled, put in a clamshell and sent back to be fixed in the 70s. Most of the time, the repairs could have been repaired on site, easily, but contracts.

      • Yeah, the military has been used as a cash cow for longer than the Republican party has existed. Connected companies or (far enough back) individuals use their politician friends to force contracts that drive business and profit to the company or individual, even when better alternatives are available.
        The modern era, including the same Reagan that the GP is ignorantly attacking, have done more to reduce this sort of thing than anything except the removal of the spoils system in the 1880s.

        • by HiThere ( 15173 )

          Unhh...you must be talking about some other Regan than the one I was thinking about.

          There may be some ways in which some Republicans have acted to allow "intellectual property" to be reclaimed for public domain, but I'm not familiar with any. Certainly not any of the Hollywood set, or their supporters. It's true the Democrats have been just as bad, or possibly worse, but that doesn't mean the Republicans deserve any praise.

          If you want to contest this, be specific. It's not an area I've paid a great deal

          • Reagan's military spending was primarily focused on the active-duty military, with little increase in contractors. At the height, Reagan increased the military by several hundred thousand new troops, to a high of around 2.2 million vs 3.6 million contractors. Much of this spending was on the production and maintenance of equipment - about 40% went towards new equipment, and 25% O&M. For comparison, today, new equipment is 15% or so, while O&M is over 40%.

            During the Clinton years, active duty drop

            • by HiThere ( 15173 )

              But the IP laws are what's behind this whole no-right-to-repair fiasco. And when I think of Regan and the military, I think of "Star Wars". Which was a big contractors project.

    • I can't for the life of me figure out what exactly you are talking about here. The military has been supplied by civilian contractors since way, way before Ronald Reagan was born, let alone president. The US military arsenal at Springfield, Massachusetts closed in 1968, while Reagan was still governor of California. While a lot of theoretical designs may come from actual military sources, the implementation and tooling have been the realm of civilian contractors for a very long time. I'm sure there are any
  • Need I say more :) *L*

  • Working as designed (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Nidi62 ( 1525137 ) on Thursday November 21, 2019 @03:45PM (#59440302)

    Those officers sitting on the procurement boards know they'll never have to worry about going into combat with non-working equipment and they secure themselves good jobs when they get out keeping the whole system going.

    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      by Anonymous Coward

      Those officers sitting on the procurement boards know they'll never have to worry about going into combat with non-working equipment and they secure themselves good jobs when they get out keeping the whole system going.

      Ekman is a USMC captain. More than any of the other branches I deal with, the marines have an ethos of "never leave a fellow marine in the lurch," and view themselves as "always a marine." I'm guessing you don't know many marines, because I can't imagine any of the hundreds of USMC officers I've known intentionally setting up their fellow marines to go into combat with non-working equipment.

  • by BAReFO0t ( 6240524 ) on Thursday November 21, 2019 @03:48PM (#59440318)

    Want our millions? ... Who am I kidding... billions!?

    Then your products are open, and easily repaired. Even under fire. At night.

    Or the competitor gets the contract.

    I say, the reason that that isn't already the case, is some good old pork-barrel spending of lobbyist-politicians as part of their actual job for their actual bosses.

    • Right to repair should be in every contract - no exceptions. It would be good to see some high value contracts going to others... without evil intentions. It should also state getting others to make parts is also allowed.
    • Yes this does seem like it'd be simple to capture in the Requirements. A lot of military-type hardware looks the way it does precisely so it can be taken apart with standard tools and maintained in the field. With some sorts of devices, though, it may well be cheaper or better to have a service contract than to train military staff but that's still something you can figure out in requirements elicitation.
    • by jeremyp ( 130771 )

      Even more: if you want the contract, the engineers who designed your product must personally demonstrate that reasonable repairs can be made under fire (simulated - we're not monsters) at night.

  • by Anonymous Coward

    Make it a requirement and this problem goes away.

  • by DNS-and-BIND ( 461968 ) on Thursday November 21, 2019 @03:55PM (#59440340) Homepage
    Now that it's affecting the government, maybe now we'll get Right to Repair. These companies are hiring lobbyists and hitting hard to try to keep us from repairing their products. Heed the wise words of Louis Rossman when he testified before a committee at his own expense: "Look at who's paying to be here vs who's being paid to be here, cause companies don't pay $1200/hr when there's no problem." [youtube.com]
  • Nothing new.. (Score:5, Informative)

    by Anonymous Coward on Thursday November 21, 2019 @04:00PM (#59440364)

    I worked with someone who was a Navy 'Chief' in a former life. He said that this sort of stuff happened all the time. Error codes would come up on equipment, call the mfgr, what do those mean? Couple of hours later you get a response, try that, then another error code would come up.. wash, rinse, repeat for a couple of days - until the last code - swap the unit out and send us the defective one. We don't have a spare! We'll send you a replacement as soon as we receive the defective unit. So, a fighter jet sits idle, on a carrier in the middle of the Pacific while the defective unit is sent to the mainland and a 'replacement' is sent back. Which, on more than one occasion, was the exact same unit they shipped out - still broken.

    This isn't my broken down Honda by the side of the road while I call AAA.

    He said, you really want to see folks get pissed? Have the vendor try this crap with the coffee maker!

    • Re:Nothing new.. (Score:5, Insightful)

      by ObliviousGnat ( 6346278 ) on Thursday November 21, 2019 @04:14PM (#59440408)

      From the vendor's side, it works something like this:

      1. Receive old unit.
      2. Ship out a replacement unit--wait, we don't have any in stock.
      3. Received unit tests fine on our testbed. Put it back in stock.
      4. Ok we have a unit in stock now so ship that out to the customer and close the RMA.

    • I work with someone that tells similar stories. A simple part breaks on an F-18 engine, you have to swap the entire engine. It doesn't matter that it's easier to swap the part than the engine, the manufacturer won't let you do it.
    • He said, you really want to see folks get pissed? Have the vendor try this crap with the coffee maker!

      They know better [youtube.com]

  • "Although parts from the manufacturer aren't available to repair the equipment, we aren't allowed to make the parts ourselves 'due to specifications.'"

    What kind of corrupt, treasonous, dicktard would sign a contract to tie the military's hands like this? The lives of soldiers could easily depend on the devices themselves, as well as familiarity with how to use them and repair them under field conditions.

    Right to repair legislation is utterly vital, and the sooner the better. And heads should roll for th

    • It really depends on the part.
      Some stuff must have traceable certs on all material.
      Some stuff uses exotic alloys and post-manufacture heat treatment that would make it highly unlikely a locally made replacement would meet the specs.
      A lot of the stuff could be made locally, but not all of it.
      I think full specs and repair guides should be part of the supply contracts.

      • by HiThere ( 15173 )

        Yeah, but stuff is accepted that's designed to be fragile and non-repairable, when that should never have been allowed. Sometimes you really do need exotic alloys...but often that just means it's been designed so that only the manufacturer can fix it. And *that* means it's inferior to a device with lesser specs, but which can be easily fixed.

    • What kind of corrupt, treasonous, dicktard would sign a contract to tie the military's hands like this?

      You're assuming the point of the US military is to project American power overseas, or protect the Homeland, or something like that, but it is not.
      The US military's entire existence is to make some wealthy people even more wealthy.

      Oh, and to get some politician re-elected. Dont't forget that part.

    • by AHuxley ( 892839 )
      The contractors want to sell more and get billable hours by showing new tech.
      The mission is the next sale.
      Cant repair? No hope to repair? Replace everything and buy in again.
      Thats work in Germany, France, the UK.. work for US lawyers, staff to approve the "sale" into the USA.
    • What kind of corrupt, treasonous, dicktard would sign a contract to tie the military's hands like this?

      Right to repair legislation is utterly vital, and the sooner the better. And heads should roll for this.

      And that's where I was going with this. If it's a problem, we ought to be signing contracts which include maintenance training and an explicit clause allowing soldiers to work on their gear. I don't see it requires legislation, just enough zeros on the contract.

  • just force the repair people to the front lines to do repairs a few times and I guarantee you they will teach the military to repair their own equipment.

    • by Tablizer ( 95088 )

      just force the repair people to the front lines to do repairs a few times and I guarantee you they will teach the military to repair their own equipment.

      Better yet, put the owners and their lawyers there.

    • My grandfather worked as a field techician in the Korean and Vietnam wars. They had a piece of communication gear that was notoriously unreliable and needed frequent tuning. Tuning required taking the unit apart and adjusting a small potentiomenter with a little screwdriver. None of the suggestions from my grandfather were listened to because the design engineers did not want to hear anything from a technician. Support was a nightmare - the equipment often worked just fine on the cleanroom bench (instea
  • LRU (Score:5, Informative)

    by notea42 ( 926633 ) on Thursday November 21, 2019 @04:08PM (#59440388)
    The military can do some repairs themselves - every system defines the Line Replacable Units (LRU) and has a detailed plan for what are reasonable field repairs, depot repairs, and what needs to be sent back to the manufacturer. Many pieces of equipment require specialized skills and tools to fix. They also are frequently subject to strict environmental requirements that necessitate good seals, shock mounts, and shielding. All of these things are easily damaged if handled improperly and would no longer meet requirements. While I appreciate the intelligence and skills of our service members, training them to properly fix every piece of gear is not cost effective or reasonable. I know it's frustrating when equipment isn't fixed overnight, but it feels like the manufacturers are getting blamed for the whole problem, including the contracting delays, shipping delays, parts availability, and myriad other issues that slow down the process.
    • ...it feels like the manufacturers are getting blamed for the whole problem....

      The manufacturers should be blamed, as it's a problem they created. None of the factors you mentioned (contracting delays, shipping delays, parts availability, and myriad other issues that slow down the process) would exist if not for the manufacturers' insistence that only they can fix things.

      • The manufacturers should be blamed, as it's a problem they created.

        It takes two to tango. Someone at DoD agreed to a contract saying it was OK for certain repairs to only be done by the manufacturer. Presumably, as notea42 points out, some of these make a ton of sense: you might not have a vibration-isolated clean room on the battlefield.

        If there are shipping delays and the like, I'd also like to know why the DoD doesn't stock a sufficient number of spares at local(ish) depots. If they're signing the contract saying parts need to be shipped to the factory, well then they a

    • by Pascoea ( 968200 )

      As much as I feel that "right to repair" is valid and needs to be enacted, I would tend to agree with you on certain points. If it's not a life-critical device, just about everything about it should be designated "field repair". But when you start talking about aircraft parts, I wouldn't want my sons riding around in a helicopter held together by a "jesus nut" that Jim-Bob just fabbed up last night. As you said, it's just not feasible to have EVERYTHING be a field repair.

      The shipping delays, parts availab

    • by MobyDisk ( 75490 )

      training them to properly fix every piece of gear is not cost effective or reasonable.

      Tell that to the guy on an aircraft carrier in the south pacific, where working equipment is a matter of life or death. The USS Yorktown was repaired in 3 days [sportsmansguide.com], en-route to battle, just in time for her to participate in the Battle of Midway [wikipedia.org]. They literally had people welding steel beams in place while the ship was on its way to the battle. Every piece of military equipment must be repairable on-site.

    • by sjames ( 1099 )

      In some cases, it's not frustrating, it's lethal.

  • Could you put something in your contract so that you charge them for downtime -- so they either have to make them reliable or field serviceable, or they start owing you money?

    I mean, in the IT industry, you have SLAs -- if the company didn't give us a spares kit, then they'd be on the hook to have a service person with the part in hand within 24 hours of us notifying them there was a problem. (which often meant they had to get the person there to diagnose the problem before that, in case they had to get th

    • in the IT industry, you have SLAs

      Exactly. That should be included in bid opportunities for any sort of equipment that would be considered mission critical.

  • that Politicians first create problems and then campaign against them?

    Looks like Charley Reese was right on target. It does look like you can, in fact, fool most of the people most of the time. Government in general stands as a lasting testament to how much people will put up with before they finally say... we have had it... and start the clock again.

    I think Warren is just saying what people want to hear... does she have a past record on this that shows she actually gave a damn? She has been on the Banki

    • Warren showed her true colors when after all her bluster about regulating Wall St. and restoring Glass-Steagall, she throws in her lot with the Goldman Sachs candidate [washingtonpost.com] instead of Sanders who had been campaigning on that very thing.

  • The thought goes through my mind that these repair restrictions are cute in peacetime -- where it is feasible to pack it up, leave the field operation down for a while, and airlift it back to the nearest global repair depot. But in the event of a real war, not the localized rumbles like Iraq and the 'stan, broken equipment will be a real problem. Imagine Normandy...

    One suspects in the best tradition all the right people got paid off. But IMHO this is building a serious combat handicap into military procurem

    • Actually, it's a royal PITA even when not in the military.

      I worked for NASA, and when a unit had to be sent in for repairs, we'd have to wipe the disks of anything that might be SBU/ACI (sensitive but unclassified / administratively controlled information).

      Then you had to get the machine taken off of the inventory control (as they didn't depreciate anything, ever, so if it went missing, you had to pay the full original cost). Then you had to get it crated up, and shipped back to the company. .... then what

  • The DoD is the one that writes the contracts, not the manufacturers. The DoD has enough sway and swagger to write the right to repair into any contract being bidded on. Every civilian defence manufacturer is chomping at the bit to win those contracts. So if the DoD says in the contract they want Marines to repair a generator in the field, under fire, knee deep in mud with a knife and a grenade pin, then that is what will happen. This isn't even close to the issues with John Deere and Apple in the civilian m
    • by PPH ( 736903 )

      The DoD is the one that writes the contracts

      Specifically, people on the DoD acquisitions staff. Who will soon be working* for the various suppliers.

      *I'm not certain they actually make them come in to pick up their paychecks anymore. Although they do have nice offices. Complete with a receptionist ready to explain to you that the person you wish to speak to is unavailable on that particular day. Or any other day you might choose.

  • by Shotgun ( 30919 ) on Thursday November 21, 2019 @04:33PM (#59440458)

    All I know is that Scotty would never put up with this shit.

  • Unfortunately it is now un-patriotic to question anything military related, including spending habits. Plenty of people not doing their job in "negotiating" those contracts.

    But let's keep increasing the military budget.
  • by the_skywise ( 189793 ) on Thursday November 21, 2019 @04:36PM (#59440466)

    Right to repair issues aside... isn't it kinda awesome that our military has to submit and obey civilian law?

  • by nospam007 ( 722110 ) * on Thursday November 21, 2019 @04:36PM (#59440470)

    The German army couldn't use their trucks in Afghanistan because their mandatory pollution test could only be done in Germany.

    And obviously you can't drive around with a truck with a pollution test certificate that's expired, in a war zone, that would be nuts.

  • Sounds like government contracting officers not doing their jobs. Also sounds like someone in government rubber-stamping waivers.

    10 U.S. Code Section 2464 "(4) The Secretary of Defense shall assign Government-owned and Government-operated depot-level maintenance and repair facilities of the Department of Defense sufficient workload to ensure cost efficiency and technical competence in peacetime, while preserving the ability to provide an effective and timely response to a mobilization, national defense con

  • by Hasaf ( 3744357 ) on Thursday November 21, 2019 @06:02PM (#59440782)
    There is a reason that I am glad to see this problem. The brutal truth is that problems only matter when they happen to people that matter.

    This may help make "right to repair" into a bi-partisan issue.
  • Okay, there are several problems with this:
    1) What happens when some sh*t-for-brains tries to repair the thing themselves and then either further breaks the unit or worse, gets injured or killed? The finger-pointing will be epic.
    2) Steve Jobs said that hardware is easy to copy, software is not. So, if you can make new parts yourself, what's to stop a competitor from copying everything you do?

    Don't get me wrong here. I think it's dumb for Apple to glue the batteries into their laptops thus requiring you t

  • Yeah. .this is the same institution that has a legal exemption from patent law, allowing them to take uncooperative company's IP over to contractors who then produce items. This is unlikely to be a legal restriction, but instead a political one.
  • And this is why the U.S. and other "Western" nations will struggle in a prolonged conflict, whether in the Middle East, against Russia, or China. The US military has exceptional first-strike capability, however in a drawn out war stuff gets damaged and worn out. Being able to get machinery and equipment back out in the field fast is critical. If soldiers are relying on GPS, HUDs, computerized equipment, combat vehicles, etc. not being able to quickly service these will be detrimental in an extended conflict
    • by jbengt ( 874751 )

      I remember photos of ground crews walking down an airstrip to pick up rocks so an F35 doesn't take one in the intake.

      I believe every major commercial airport has vehicles to clean the runways for that very reason, although a quick google shows that they're mostly concerned with removing rubber left from the tires skidding at landing. I know for a fact that contractors working on runways have to clean off all debris as part of their contracts. But, yeah, it would be good if military jets were more toleran

  • None of this is MIL-SPEC, and should never be counted on, or treated as such. That's really all there is to it.

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