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Robotics

'There's an Automation Crisis Underway Right Now, It's Just Mostly Invisible' (gizmodo.com) 159

"There is no 'robot apocalypse', even after a major corporate automation event," writes Gizmodo, citing something equally ominous in new research by a team of economists.

merbs shared their report: Instead, automation increases the likelihood that workers will be driven away from their previous jobs at the companies -- whether they're fired, or moved to less rewarding tasks, or quit -- and causes a long-term loss of wages for the employee. The report finds that "firm-level automation increases the probability of workers separating from their employers and decreases days worked, leading to a 5-year cumulative wage income loss of 11 percent of one year's earnings." That's a pretty significant loss.

Worse still, the study found that even in the Netherlands, which has a comparatively generous social safety net to, say, the United States, workers were only able to offset a fraction of those losses with benefits provided by the state. Older workers, meanwhile, were more likely to retire early -- deprived of years of income they may have been counting on. Interestingly, the effects of automation were felt similarly through all manner of company -- small, large, industrial, services-oriented, and so on. The study covered all non-finance sector firms, and found that worker separation and income loss were "quite pervasive across worker types, firm sizes and sectors."

Automation, in other words, forces a more pervasive, slower-acting and much less visible phenomenon than the robots-are-eating-our-jobs talk is preparing us for. "People are focused on the damage of automation being mass unemployment," study author James Bessen, an economist at Boston University, tells me in an interview. "And that's probably wrong...." According to Bessen, compared to firms that have not automated, the rate of workers leaving their jobs is simply higher, though from the outside, it can resemble more straightforward turnover. "But it's more than attrition," he says. "A much greater percentage -- 8 percent more -- are leaving." And some never come back to work. "There's a certain percentage that drop out of the labor force. That five years later still haven't gotten a job."

The result, Bessen says, is an added strain on the social safety net that it is currently woefully unprepared to handle.

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'There's an Automation Crisis Underway Right Now, It's Just Mostly Invisible'

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  • Well, yeah (Score:5, Funny)

    by Daltorak ( 122403 ) on Saturday October 12, 2019 @11:55PM (#59301862)

    That's the expected outcome after decades of harassing beardy Unix sysadmins who wear t-shirts that read "Go away or I will replace you with a very small shell script."

    You were warned, people! You should've left him alone to play Nethack in peace!

    • I worked at a place where we ran some software that generated a pile of CSVs. Those CSV files were taken by a herd of employees, imported to Excel, tweaked slightly, and then sent out to other people.

      I was not popular for designing a system to tweak the data the same way, export the data as Excel files, and automatically email it. Strangely enough both management and those people who'd I'd replace with a very small shell script were not happy.

      • Re:Well, yeah (Score:4, Interesting)

        by SvnLyrBrto ( 62138 ) on Sunday October 13, 2019 @04:24PM (#59303998)

        That's not too surprising. The prestige, and often compensation, of non-producing middle-management types is usually measured, to a large degree, by the number of their direct reports. So you didn't just do away with your office's Tom Smykowski; you stepped on the toes of your office's Bill Lumbergh.

        And that is another reason I'm solidly of the opinion that the "automation will replace us all" crowd are a bunch of chicken littles. It's not just the productive people who would lose their jobs. Before that can happen, middle management has to die first. And they have more power in most offices than the actual workers.

  • that we don't need anymore? Most of them are too old to retrain, and even if they do there are no jobs for them to train to. The world just doesn't need that many code monkeys. And If everybody was smart enough and focused enough to be a doctor or a high value scientists we'd be a very difference species.

    Mass Unemployment + society where if you don't work you don't eat + a shit ton of guns = interesting times. WWI & II will seem like a rowdy birthday party in comparison.
    • by ShanghaiBill ( 739463 ) on Sunday October 13, 2019 @12:59AM (#59301968)

      there are no jobs for them to train to.

      We have record low unemployment and every business I see has a "help wanted" sign.

      The problem is that these new jobs either require skills or don't pay well, not that they don't exist.

      • The problem is that these new jobs either require skills or don't pay well, not that they don't exist.

        If nobody who can do them wants them because they don't pay enough, or if they don't pay well enough to live on, then they're not real jobs. They're looking for slaves, not employees. The small local businesses are essentially forced to do this by the bigger businesses, which will outcompete them otherwise. But this race to the bottom is brought to you by automation, which is a major competitive advantage enjoyed by larger businesses who can afford it. Ma and Pa can't afford a robot even if one would do the job they're hiring for. They have no choice but to offer a wage you can't live on, if they want one on which you can.

        Automation is not the enemy. The greedy wealthy are, and they're raising the stakes.

        • They're looking for slaves, not employees.

          Or, I dunno, robots?

          • They're looking for slaves, not employees.

            Or, I dunno, robots?

            Since the name came from a Czech word for forced labor, it's apt enough either way. Either way, they won't treat the workers like humans.

  • Umm... no. (Score:5, Insightful)

    by jenningsthecat ( 1525947 ) on Sunday October 13, 2019 @01:01AM (#59301974)

    TFS: "People are focused on the damage of automation being mass unemployment," study author James Bessen, an economist at Boston University, tells me in an interview. "And that's probably wrong...."

    No, that's almost certainly right. If the trend continues the outcome WILL be mass unemployment - it just won't be sudden mass unemployment.

    The shitty thing here is, all the extra efficiency resulting from automation could mean that we could all enjoy a good standard of living while working less than 20 hours a week - maybe even substantially less. But it won't, because concentration of wealth will beget further concentration of wealth, and so on until the whole system collapses from instability.

    • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

      by Tony Isaac ( 1301187 )

      This again.

      We've been automating people out of their jobs for hundreds of years. Factories automated the jobs of blacksmiths and countless other craftspeople. Mechanization automated the jobs of farmers. Software is automating the jobs of office workers. Yet somehow we are at 4% unemployment.

      Automation gives us the freedom to do other things. That's why today, factory work is only a small percentage of our work force; years ago it was a majority. Same for farming. Personally, I don't want to do the jobs tha

      • We've been automating people out of their jobs for hundreds of years

        Ditto. Thank you for beating me to it.

        I'm also a little mystified about the distinction between robots and automation. Do people hear "robot" and think that means a T2000? At what point does driving automation (automatic transmission, cruise control, GPS navigation, self-driving) become a robot (fully autonomous delivery vehicle, not that such a think actually exists today)?

      • This again.

        We've been automating people out of their jobs for hundreds of years. Factories automated the jobs of blacksmiths and countless other craftspeople. Mechanization automated the jobs of farmers. Software is automating the jobs of office workers. Yet somehow we are at 4% unemployment.

        And during those hundreds of years there were periods, sometimes lasting decades, in which unemployment was north of 25%. Saying "in a couple of undred years it will all be fine" does not help anyone in the present moment. The problem is ensuring the continuing well-being of everyone as these changes disrupt industries, careers and opportunities. Telling a 55 year old that they need to start over at an entry level job and salary as they try to nail down their retirement assets does not help them.

    • they're part of it, yet, but there's the whole "The problem with socialism is you run out of other people's money" crowd, which includes a lot of broke people.

      The trouble is how to redistribute money. As they saying goes we're all a bunch of temporarily inconvenienced millionaires. How do you make people OK with high taxes on the wealthy to pay for that 20 hour work week? I guess you could also have very, very high minimum wages (without them the high unemployment & competition for jobs means low wa
    • "People are focused on the damage of automation being mass unemployment," study author James Bessen, an economist at Boston University, tells me in an interview. "And that's probably wrong...." No, that's almost certainly right.

      Guess you're smarter than the people who study this for a living.

      Nah, actually that's wrong. You're just ignorant with a loud mouth.

    • If you look at the U.S. income tax stats [irs.gov], you see that the 1% (roughly everyone making $500k/yr or more) only accounts for 21% of total income. The vast majority of income (and thus the vast majority of spending) is in the $50k-$500k bracket - they account for 63% of income.

      In other words, if the wealth concentration you describe starts to happen, the rich will actually start to make less money because fewer people will be able to buy the stuff they're making, even if they're making it more efficiently.
    • There's no shortage of jobs.

      We can always have more doctors, teachers, social workers, home renovators, personal support workers, gym trainers, robot engineers, police officers, nurses...

      The actual problem is have is that 'natural' private sector economy producing goods and services might not provide enough jobs/taxes to fund a balanced public sector. By natural private sector, I mean things ordinary people are willing to pay for out of their own pocket (clothes, cars, food, appliances...)

      For example, imagi

  • Let's look at data (Score:5, Informative)

    by Kohath ( 38547 ) on Sunday October 13, 2019 @03:19AM (#59302144)

    Civilian labor force participation rate [bls.gov] graph. Note how it bottomed out in Sept 2015 and has started to trend up. A higher percentage of people with jobs, even as retired seniors are a higher percentage of the population also. [statista.com]

    Job openings: https://www.bls.gov/charts/job... [bls.gov]

    Unemployment: https://www.bls.gov/charts/emp... [bls.gov]

    Duration of unemployment: https://www.bls.gov/charts/emp... [bls.gov]

    People who want a job but aren't counted in the labor force: https://www.bls.gov/charts/emp... [bls.gov]

    Weekly hours worked in manufacturing: https://www.bls.gov/charts/emp... [bls.gov]

    Wages and salaries y/y percent change: https://www.bls.gov/charts/emp... [bls.gov]

    I'm not seeing the robots in these charts. Where are they hiding?

    • by amorsen ( 7485 )

      Indeed.

      And if you search for the term "productivity" in the entire comment list, there is not a single hit. If robots are taking over, that means more output is made for each human worker, and that is known in economics as the worker productivity rising.

      Yet productivity growth is lower than anytime before since the industrial revolution. We need more robots!

      • Productivity is a slow, long-term thing you can miss if you look too closely at short term ups and downs. To look at endpoints of a recession and think it not there is the same known mistake people make when disbelieving Julian Simon's observations [juliansimon.com] about decreasing cost and increasing plentitude of resources over years and decades in a free society (as opposed to central economic planners.)

        He was uncomfortable with even a 10 year granularity. These are long term trends.

        • by amorsen ( 7485 )

          Productivity growth in most Western economies has been horrendously bad for 30-40 years now. This is not a short term trend. The vast majority on Slashdot have not been alive at a time of rapid productivity growth, the kind of growth that threatened employment.

    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • by aepervius ( 535155 ) on Sunday October 13, 2019 @08:16AM (#59302598)
      Look job number are not all. If you are automated out of a sweet 14 usd job and find only again a crappy 5 usd burger flipper or warehouse sweeper job where you have to get food stamp, then technically those nice chart also match showing you as a job. The chart you are searching for is the proportion of people in each wage slices, e.g. 5 to 7 usd , 7 to 10, 10 to 14 etc... That chart would show if people really are getting automated out and what sort of job wage disappear and getting replaced by. And i am not sure they would show what you think.
    • On purpose. I'm not saying you're misleading, you've been lead down a certain path by a group of people trying to paint a rosy picture [youtube.com]

      So to go through them one by one

      1. Labor force participation rate going up among retired is bad news. It means younger folk (lots of them reading this) aren't moving up in their careers and/or it means older folk are getting forced out of retirement by not having enough money saved or enough SSI / Medicare benefits. Also the trend is just up, among the under 35 set it'
      • While I don't disagree that his stats are both misleading and incomplete, a chunk of your post is rather misleading as well.

        Regarding "70% of us are living paycheck to paycheck", you are the individual who has claimed a lot of times that he's always bought his daughter the newest iThing, gave her all the opportunities in the world, and is paying for her college, all to the detriment of your bank account and retirement. If you are in that pool, that's by your own choice. Similarly, a whole lot of other peopl

  • Wow, this innovative article points something out that nobody has *ever* noticed before. Apparently, when a company automates, it can do *more* work with *less* human effort. The net result is less company money going to the workers.

    Shocking.

    This article would have been revealing and timely. In the mid- to late- 1800s.
    • by PPH ( 736903 )

      The net result is less company money going to the workers.

      Not exactly. The result is more money going to the remaining workers. Because they tend to be doing the high value added jobs that are difficult to automate.

      Now go back to supervising your household domestic workers. I certainly hope you weren't so callous as to have replaced them with washing machines, dishwashers and vacuum cleaners.

    • Automation includes IT. I'm making good money admining automated systems. My wages have done nothing but go up decade after decade.

      I'm calling bullshit. Automation creates new jobs.

  • So we could try NOT automating. Guess what happens next...

    Somebody else WILL automate. And they will price us out of existence.

    Not everybody in the world is going to go along with any scheme to prop up workers who do not adapt in the face of automation.

    Automation is inevitable. But we aren't likely to run out of jobs to do. We've been automating jobs for hundreds of years, but somehow most people who want a job, can still get one.

    • We should pay more.

      In previous decades, when productivity went up, so did wages. More value per hour = more $$ per hour.

      Then about 1978ish (noisy data, so can't be precise) that trend broke. Productivity went up and real wages didn't. And that's continued for the last 4 decades.

      Higher pay to workers means those workers have more disposable income which means they buy stuff which means more jobs. That's how we got through all the big boosts in productivity from, say, the 1940s to 1970.

      The upper class jus

      • Then about 1978ish (noisy data, so can't be precise) that trend broke. Productivity went up and real wages didn't. And that's continued for the last 4 decades.

        We can be precise because the break was complete and sudden. It was 1973.

  • by DMJC ( 682799 )
    I'm living this right now, I work with Cisco Call Manager phone systems. My main client is automating away all the smarts from my current role. It's almost time for me to move on, because once it's complete, the rest of the job becomes a dumb dumb role that any level 1 engineer can do.
  • Since the first steam machines entered factories more and more things have been getting automated and requiring less human intervention.
    Maybe this time is different because more jobs will be destroyed than will be created or because automation will affect people across all kinds of occupations and/or classes. But, it's been a continuum and I don't understand why suddenly now everyone is going haywire over this and talking about taxing robots (WTF is a robot? is only a physical device or do computers also

Keep up the good work! But please don't ask me to help.

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