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Ask Slashdot: Why Isn't Geothermal Energy Getting As Much Attention As Solar and Wind? 152

mrwireless writes: YouTube channel Real Engineering has posted a great video on the potential (and downsides) of geothermal power. I think it would be great to discuss this video on Slashdot, since in discussions about climate change, geothermal rarely comes up as a viable alternative.

The video mentions things like:
- Could power our needs twice over
- New technology makes it possible in more locations
- Works night and day
- Could be cost competitive (according to an MIT study)
- Workers from the oil drilling industry could find new jobs in this sector

So: why isn't geo-thermal energy getting as much attention as solar and wind?
This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.

Ask Slashdot: Why Isn't Geothermal Energy Getting As Much Attention As Solar and Wind?

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  • by io333 ( 574963 ) on Friday September 13, 2019 @08:02PM (#59192698)

    would warn the planet so much all the arctic ice woukd melt and we all drown

  • Cost Effective (Score:5, Informative)

    by JBMcB ( 73720 ) on Friday September 13, 2019 @08:09PM (#59192718)

    "Why Isn't Geothermal Energy Getting As Much Attention As Solar and Wind?"

    The video answers this question. It's only really cost effective where the heat is relatively close to the surface of the earth, which is only in certain parts of the world.

    Besides which, also as the video points out, think people are upset about fracking? Wait until you tell them you are going to drill *really* deep to tap into the magma down there.

    Now geothermal heat pumps are another matter altogether. Really too expensive for a single home, but communities are setting up shared closed-loop systems which look interesting.

    • What JBMcB said, and yeah, people are really leary of fracking these days for any reason.

      So costs vary dramatically, and it has to be relatively near to it's consumers to keep it economical, at least where it is economical to start with.

      Then of course there is need. Places that are already sufficiently served by other means are often hard to convince that they need another source of power.

      Back to the fracking thing. There was a geothermal plant in the US a few decades ago that used fracking. That plant did
    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
      • Re:Cost Effective (Score:5, Interesting)

        by Rei ( 128717 ) on Friday September 13, 2019 @08:28PM (#59192766) Homepage

        Indeed, people used to deliberately avoid going anywhere near magma. A geothermal well in Hawaii struck magma and they immediately capped it. Iceland took a different tack; when one of the boreholes near Krafla accidentally struck magma, the operators thought.... "Hmm, let's give this a shot!" ;) They managed to turn it into a production well with water injection, and it's by far their highest-producing / highest-temperature well (indeed, the highest-temperature geothermal well in the world). While the fluids are difficult to handle, they've been so pleased with the results that they launched new projects to do it again on purpose.

        • Hi, thanks for posting that, I always thought that giving enough pinholes into magma, those holes would become some sort of heat conductors. Given it might be only a foot in diameter but that heat output just by running some sort of liquid correctly would become so sort of super steam that could power a generator.. I am total aware that it's a fantasy living idea but I keep thinking that this concept would work real well.

          sooner or later, I can see someone taping the yellowstone magma chamber and sucking it

        • by Calydor ( 739835 )

          Which again goes to show that the great discoveries are not heralded by yelling "EUREKA!", but by quietly mumbling "Huh."

      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        by drinkypoo ( 153816 )

        You don't have to get near the magma, but you still may need fracking.

        https://www.scientificamerican... [scientificamerican.com]

        I've ranted about geothermal in the USA before. I used to live close enough to the geothermal facility at The Geysers that when they did a long construction project (which they would work on 24/7) I could see their massive light pollution. It seemed like they aimed some floods upward.

        They were actually going to frack at the geysers for some new project in a way that had caused a major seismic event in Fran

      • by JBMcB ( 73720 )

        Why would you tell such an outrageous lie? You don't have to get anywhere near the magma to get enough heat to power a steam plant.

        That's what the anti-geothermal activist group is going to say. Also that it's poisoning people's tap water.

    • Re:Cost Effective (Score:5, Informative)

      by Anaerin ( 905998 ) on Friday September 13, 2019 @08:55PM (#59192826)

      The problem with Fracking isn't the drilling, it's forcing an uncompressible fluid into the hole you've drilled, sealed at high pressure, to fracture (hence "Frack") the layers of strata apart to give the methane trapped within a place to escape to.

      Geothermal injects water at low pressure, and allows the resulting steam to release to generate power. The drilled hole is (typically) lined so it doesn't fracture and cause problems

      • The real problem with fracking is when states like Oklahoma fail to enforce even the most basic regulations to ensure their environment, geology, and communities remain safe. Fracking can–and is–done safely.

        • by Teun ( 17872 )
          So true.
          The problems in the US were largely caused by cowboys riding Dick Cheney's liberalisation of various environmental laws under the disguise of 'alternative energy'.
        • I live close to OK... No real lasting harm was done there. We had a few minor earthquakes, but they barely rattled the china even if you lived right on top of one. Plus, the problem was the injection of wastewater/drilling mud into disposal wells to get rid of it, not really fracking.
          • In Oklahoma, my mother's house, and the house on either side blew up from methane leaking into their basement from fracking. She lost her husband in the explosion, and his daughter was severely injured in the car outside.

            There's no smell like natural gas because it hasn't been added yet, so you can't tell if it's in the area.

      • Maybe in the simplest case close to the surface, but some of the proposals I have seen for enhanced geothermal energy use supercritical CO2 and many look similar to fracking in concept (fracturing bedrock and linking two drill sites, using different fluids, using polymers and glass beads to hold cracks open etc.). I'm all for it, but it can get pretty complex quickly.

    • Re:Cost Effective (Score:5, Interesting)

      by RazorSharp ( 1418697 ) on Friday September 13, 2019 @09:16PM (#59192882)

      Now geothermal heat pumps are another matter altogether. Really too expensive for a single home, but communities are setting up shared closed-loop systems which look interesting.

      This isn't entirely true. I know people who have them, but their homes are relatively new and they were built with geothermal in mind. There are a few drawbacks—maintenance, although rarely needed, is expensive (it's still probably cheaper than natural gas bills, and all HVAC is expensive). Also, just like with regular (air) heat pumps, geothermal requires a supplementary source of heat for those extremely cold days (usually propane or electric coils in the air handler). I don't think it would be practical in places like Minnesota, but for places where it rarely dips into the single digits geothermal heat pumps are a great option.

      Heat pumps—both air and geothermal—have become drastically more efficient in recent years. They have become a viable option further north than they previously were. I use an air heat pump because I live in the boonies with no natural gas and I only have to use supplemental heat options for short periods of the winter. Not only are these options more environmentally friendly, but the newer systems are much cheaper than paying for natural gas because they're so efficient. Most modern homes in the U.S. are equipped with air conditioning, which is a small step away from being a heat pump. It would make sense for most consumers who need to replace their furnace to go with a heat pump instead.

      • by JBMcB ( 73720 )

        I don't think it would be practical in places like Minnesota, but for places where it rarely dips into the single digits geothermal heat pumps are a great option.

        Geothermal is *great* for Minnesota. You want it in places that get really cold in the winter, and really hot in the summer, as 80% of the time it's running more efficiently than traditional heat or AC is running (heat pumps work as air conditioners, too - you just run them in reverse.) Sure, in the dead of winter you still need supplemental electricity or natural gas, but that's only a few months out of the year.

      • Comment removed based on user account deletion
      • I second the motion. My Mitsubishi heat pump works down to 0 F, and gives me AC as well on the nine days I needed it this year. It was a cold summer. Last year I used AC 22 days. Heat mode will start at nights in a week or two, then continuously from mid Oct until May.

        If you need AC anyway, just get a heat pump.

      • Now geothermal heat pumps are another matter altogether. Really too expensive for a single home, but communities are setting up shared closed-loop systems which look interesting.

        This isn't entirely true. I know people who have them, but their homes are relatively new and they were built with geothermal in mind.

        This reminds me of a house I lived at before that had geothermal heating. It wasn't built for it... but my roommate (who I rented a room from at this house and another one) bought it from a guy who fixed the house up like crazy. Unrelated to the geothermal topic, this guy built a garage, redid all the floors, redid all the cabinets and counters in the kitchen, redid the entire ventilation system, removed walls, removed wallpaper and painted, redid all the lights, redid EVERYTHING in the bathroom..... And

    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      by perlith ( 1133671 )

      Now geothermal heat pumps are another matter altogether. Really too expensive for a single home, but communities are setting up shared closed-loop systems which look interesting.

      Three big problems with this for residential use in the US:
      - Cost - as you mentioned. Federal tax breaks are still available but may lapse again. State tax breaks vary.
      - Land - you need at least an acre for a decent sized private system.
      - ROI - varies by household, average American moves 11.7 times in their lifetime - so by the time you get an ROI out of the system, you'll move

      Disclaimer: I own a geothermal heat pump + love it. Received both federal+tax breaks, have the land for it, calculated my R

    • Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • Really too expensive for a single home, but communities are setting up shared closed-loop systems which look interesting.

      It isn't too expensive for a single home but it does have a slightly longer payout. Same with tankless water heaters, high efficiency furnaces, etc.. If a contractor adds these things then their house is 15-20% more expensive than the house next door and people will buy the house next door first even though the more efficient house is cheaper in the long run.

      Also, geothermal doesn't scale well. It's fine for a single family home on a half acre lot but good luck trying to use it for a 100 unit apartment.

  • Like everything, big oil.
    • Re:Because (Score:5, Funny)

      by Rei ( 128717 ) on Friday September 13, 2019 @08:38PM (#59192790) Homepage

      Meanwhile, we here in Small Oil might not be as vast and sweeping in our conspiracies, but we like to think that we're involved in conspiracies of better quality, and we're able to be more responsive to the rapid-changing demands of today's geoconspiratorial landscape.

    • Like everything, big oil.

      Wow, those slippery characters have their big greasy hands in EVERYTHING...

      I am struck by the apparent need for conspiracy theories to explain away the hard facts. Environmentalists blame "Big Oil", Anti-Vaxers blaine some collusion between the FDA and "Big Pharma", we've got the "Swamp in DC" and all sorts of folks blame Russia for all sorts of things... Truly it is amazing..

  • by v1 ( 525388 ) on Friday September 13, 2019 @08:41PM (#59192792) Homepage Journal

    I can order a wind turbine OR a solar panel and put it on my garage and be in business immediately. Wind isn't as reliable, and solar only works for at most half the time, but it's cheap, it's easy, and it works pretty much anywhere.

    Geothermal is so expensive to set up that it has to be done on a very large scale. And as others have pointed out, it's much more practical where heat is near the surface, which greatly limits who can take advantage of it, and where. Plus, the setup time is measured in years, not days.

    It's like asking why nuclear hasn't taken off, or why we don't all own flying cars. The question is silly, because the answers are so obvious. (could this be considered a "strawman" question?

    • I can order a wind turbine OR a solar panel and put it on my garage and be in business immediately. Wind isn't as reliable, and solar only works for at most half the time, but it's cheap, it's easy, and it works pretty much anywhere.

      That's a very naive view of the issue. Those windmills and solar panels came from somewhere. You left out many steps in the process to harvest energy from the sun and wind. Building those devices took a lot of investment in infrastructure. It also took a large amount of labor and materials before those devices could be shipped to your house.

      Geothermal is so expensive to set up that it has to be done on a very large scale. And as others have pointed out, it's much more practical where heat is near the surface, which greatly limits who can take advantage of it, and where. Plus, the setup time is measured in years, not days.

      Humans have been planning and constructing projects far larger than any geothermal power plant for centuries. Some of these projects have actually took centuries to

      • I like your take on Nuclear power, but we do need to be honest about why it is dying.

        Right now, the lowest cost power generating method is natural gas. Fracking has made natural gas cheap and abundant with prices for the fuel looking steady for decades to come. It is the inability of our old nuclear power fleet to compete with natural gas on price that is killing nuclear.

        I think that modern nuclear designs may be able to compete with natural gas, but the uncertainty over costs, spent fuel storage, chan

        • I like your take on Nuclear power, but we do need to be honest about why it is dying.

          Um, okay, I'm listening.

          Right now, the lowest cost power generating method is natural gas. Fracking has made natural gas cheap and abundant with prices for the fuel looking steady for decades to come. It is the inability of our old nuclear power fleet to compete with natural gas on price that is killing nuclear.

          The price of any commodity depends on supply and demand. The price of natural gas right now is based on there being 20% of the electricity production in the USA being from nuclear power. As a total of all energy sources in the USA (this being heat, transportation, and electricity) nuclear power produces about 10%. Natural gas is a very convenient energy source for heating and cooking, and switching to something else would be expensive for many people. If we don't have new nuclear

          • Natural gas will not appreciate in price all that much in the foreseeable future. With the advent of Fracking, very small movements in the price of gas will flood the market with additional economically feasible to produce supplies. In the USA, we are literally awash in proven resources already, natural gas that we are not pulling out of the ground now because the market simply cannot use it.

            Fracking has caused this glut in supply. It has made production economically possible in places we never dreamed

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

        You always claim that opponents of nuclear power are irrational, while ignoring the rational economic arguments against it.

        If you want irrational how about your EROI crap that no one rational gives a shit about?

      • You left out many steps in the process to harvest energy from the sun and wind.

        In case of PV, there's actually only one step: the photon hits the PV junction, and bang, there's electromotive force right there.

      • because of irrational fears and politics

        Do you think Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukashima as irrational fear?
        Just because they are no longer in the news cycle (politics) doesn't mean these accidents are not impacting the world today.

        TMI barely got out of control (it's not the first). Chernobyl got way out of control but it's barely contained (for now). Fukashima has yet to be controlled (it is a planet killer).

        Do you think there is anything to fear? Do you believe in "Outta Sight, Outta Mind; therefore it doesn't exist? Is this concern

    • I can order a wind turbine OR a solar panel and put it on my garage and be in business immediately. Wind isn't as reliable, and solar only works for at most half the time, but it's cheap, it's easy, and it works pretty much anywhere.

      No, it's not cheap and no, it doesn't just work anywhere.

      But since when has the decision how to generate electric power been a financial one? Oh, wait, since commercial power generation became a thing back when Edison and Westinghouse where duking it out over DC versus AC.

      Currently the cheapest power comes from Natural Gas when you consider the full life cycle costs of the plant. Wind is a distant second, Solar isn't even close to being viable for industrial level generation. Putting Solar panels on

    • by tomhath ( 637240 )
      Small scale wind is impractical, it won't generate a significant amount of power. Small scale solar is uneconomical. If you want large scale power generation the best solution is nuclear.
  • by bjdevil66 ( 583941 ) on Friday September 13, 2019 @08:41PM (#59192794)

    IIRC, some experimentation was done with geothermal energy in the western US (California?). The plan was to drill down and pump in waste water, and when the drilling was deep enough, there would be enough heat to generate steam. They actually drilled down far enough to get some heat, and it at least partially worked - but soon after the region began to suffer many smaller earthquakes (similar to the earthquakes associated with fracking in the midwest). That pissed everyone off, which shut the plan down and stopped the quakes. (If anyone recalls what I'm talking about, please post any online references to it below.)

    • by cusco ( 717999 )

      Anderson Springs, CA, mentioned in a link to a Scientific American article above.

    • The plan was to drill down and pump in waste water, ... - but soon after the region began to suffer many smaller earthquakes (similar to the earthquakes associated with fracking in the midwest).

      And with disposing of toxic waste by pumping it into deep wells. And some experiments with pumping water into earthquake faults. And on and on.

      Apparently, when you dig a deep well and inject an incompressible liquid at high pressure, your liquid goes into a crack (so far so good).

      But the crack is also known as a "f

  • The environmental movement vilified fracking in their crusade against extracting additional fossil fuels. They blamed it for causing earthquakes. But fracking can't cause earthquakes - it puts nowhere near enough energy into the ground as is released in an earthquake. It can trigger earthquakes - that is, trigger the release of stress energy which is already stored in the rock. But it itself is not the source of the energy released in an earthquake.

    In fact, if you think about it rationally, we may ha
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      by cusco ( 717999 )

      Oh, good grief. Do they pay you to post this drivel? There are several million people in Oklahoma who would like to argue with your ridiculous claims.

      • Yes, clearly the best way to figure out what's actually true is to ask a million random people.

      • Releasing energy in small consistent waves is much better that big explosive energy releases. Problem really is, can you assure that the earth quakes will be under a certain number. if that part of the problem could be controlled then I can see fracking working, people will accept a specific risk parameter if the known outcome is shown ( we drive car's don't we, same risk concept idea )

        • The problem is, we have no idea how much potential energy in the form of plates held (mostly) immobile by friction exists, and how much we're likely to release by basically injecting lubricant into them. What MIGHT have been a single destructive quake in 400 years could turn into hundreds of quakes, some moderately damaging, over and over again with no known end in sight as the increasingly-slippery and lubricated plates end up sliding far beyond where they would have gone naturally without human interventi

          • So basically 100 quakes now is better than megadeath quake: ender of current civilization in 400 years?
            That's neat, at the least if you do some effort in not to half ass it.

            • Not trying to stir the pot.
              but can you point out a civilization besides the Macodeans that were ended due to a quake? ( it was a combo for them volcano and earthquake )

              I like reading about the discoveries and would like to explore more.

            • You wouldn't be trading "100 quakes now" to avoid a "civilization-ending quake in 400 years". You'd be trading frequent, still occasionally destructive earthquakes for some as-yet-unknown number of decades or centuries for the usual city-destroying quake every 400 years. The difference is, a horrific quake once in 400 years (with a moderately-damaging one every 50-150 or so) has enough time in between for people to live normally. If a city like Los Angeles were having 7.0-9.0 earthquakes every few months, o

          • You have presented a very well thought out time argument. And the plate energy view is very very valid.

            Would 200 smaller earthquakes be more to the benefit of mankind than a mega quake? I want to say yes
            because the knowledge gained to prevent major damage will increase as we learn.

            Sadly, the odd's of triggering something really bad from stored plate energy is going to fall into Murphy's Law ( or one of the other funny ones ) BUT to be more serious, the NIMBY and the people's self interest will override your

    • by h33t l4x0r ( 4107715 ) on Saturday September 14, 2019 @12:03AM (#59193088)
      Earthquakes aren't the problem, poisoning the water supply is the problem. But even that can be an opportunity for the entrepreneurially minded.
    • So fracking got incorrectly blamed as an evil procedure which causes earthquakes.

      Incorrectly? Then why did you yourself say:
       

      It can trigger earthquakes

      No offense, but is English not your first language, or are you just stupid? Triggering something is the very definition of causing something.

      • by Livius ( 318358 )

        Well, you do need both. If you trigger a gun and it doesn't have bullets not much will happen.

        The difference is people are engaging in fracking with no idea whatsoever what it might or might not trigger.

    • and said ground water being made flammable.
  • by kenwd0elq ( 985465 ) <kenwd0elq@engineer.com> on Friday September 13, 2019 @09:24PM (#59192900)

    Geothermal is great. Except it corrodes all the pipes. Maintenance is a bitch.

  • The big oil and gas companies lobby and spend huge amounts of money trying to derail every kind of renewable energy.

    • I don't think so, this is just a another tappable reserve that can have a value using drilling equipment and knowing how to drill. Those groups got that talent and in the case of drilling for "steam" the cost of building the power plant is way cheaper than building an oil refinery https://www.bloomberg.com/news... [bloomberg.com]

      taking a shot in the dark but I bet both use the same amount of water, but the steam refinery will use it many more times before it evaporates into the air.

  • Comment removed based on user account deletion
    • by MrKaos ( 858439 )

      Solar panels are delightfully mobile, and they have portable wind power generators. Very common on sailing vessels. Geothermal, on the other hand, tends to be a fixed resource, and only works where there’s access to that heat.

      I had a sinking feeling a geothermal boat would not work!

  • by istartedi ( 132515 ) on Saturday September 14, 2019 @01:14AM (#59193150) Journal

    and I addressed it here. [slashdot.org]

    tl;dr, we've done it and there are some serious problems that make it less competitive overall to wind and solar. I'd like to temper those remarks with the idea that we can't totally dismiss it--there might still be some opportunities, just not as much as with solar and wind.

    Also, another poster said that it only works at large scale and that's not entirely true. There's also a motel near here that uses it, but not for high energy steam. Instead, they use the Earth as a kind of heat/cold sink. The ground temperature tends to be about 50F, so they use that for pre-heating heat-pump inputs in the Winter, and cooling in the Summer. It's an expensive proposition for a single family home though because it involves dozens of holes drilled way down. IIRC, GWB's house in Texas also did it. That's probably a pretty nice house on a big spread, so it probably didn't add too much cost on a percentage basis.

  • by MrKaos ( 858439 ) on Saturday September 14, 2019 @01:33AM (#59193158) Journal

    One of the geothermal power concepts I found fascinating was Using Hot Dry Rock Utilizing Supercritical CO2 instead of Water. [semanticscholar.org] The map in this paper gives a better idea of the geothermal gradients in the US for anyone who is interested.

    Australia has vast geothermal reserves and some places where HDR is 205C+ and enough energy to power city's and run low carbon aluminum smelting for the next century.

  • by MrKaos ( 858439 ) on Saturday September 14, 2019 @02:01AM (#59193186) Journal

    Geothermal is a perfect base load and peak following grid input because the heat is always in the ground and available. It's the perfect complement to wind and solar. One criticism of geothermal has been it brings up heavy metals however the US Department of Energy performed assessments of closed loop geothermal systems [osti.gov] that continuously reuse the working fluid to overcome that issue.

    Studies have been done on the efficiency [sciencedirect.com] and optimization [sciencedirect.com] of closed loop geothermal systems which are suited to the heat flows found in the US that you may find interesting.

    • Closed loop geothermal is not viable, though. The system is too big. The largest geothermal generating facility in the USA is in the most geothermally active place on the planet, and even before they had to start pumping sewage into the ground to keep the steam coming, it was perpetually over budget and under production targets. Now you want to make it more expensive, and that is supposed to somehow help? Not going to happen.

      • by MrKaos ( 858439 )

        Closed loop geothermal is not viable, though. The system is too big.

        I'm not sure which site you're referring to however perhaps they are first version issues. Technological development of geothermal energy is still early days and much of that development would occur when a facility is designed, which is the same issue coal and nuclear plants face. I posted about a concept that uses Supercritical CO2 [slashdot.org] as a working fluid which avoids the silica dissolution issues geothermal faces when using supercritical water.

        IIUC by using CO2 the silica in the fractured rock doesn't di

  • Geothermal is a great 24/7 solution; however it doesnâ(TM)t get as much recognition because it is very expensive with a long break-even point for investments (>20-30 years). Geothermal power plants are usually supplied steam from numerous geothermal production wells; insulated tubing supplies the steam to the central power plant to spin turbines which then goes through a cooling towers to recondense to fluid which is then re-injected to the earth to prevent the supply from depleting in what is cal
  • Maybe 15 minute Youtube videos are simply an introduction to a topic, and should not be considered a complete source of knowledge.

    Today, we can meet our worldwide power needs with solar or wind. Let's focus and make one of those happen. No more allowing governments to distract us with development of new tech "only a few years away" from usefulness. No more "grab bag" solutions that ignore economics and reality.

  • 1) Geographically limited range, far more than solar or wind.

    2) Fewer advancements. Solar efficiency has increased tremendously and wind efficiency has increased significantly. But geothermal is only increasing a bit.

    3) And finally, no political lobby.

  • by XNormal ( 8617 ) on Saturday September 14, 2019 @02:11PM (#59194500) Homepage

    Just like hydroelectric dams - almost all the good locations are already taken since the 70s or 80s. There arenâ(TM)t that many places where the local activity is high enough and the underground structures provide enough water to get good steam useable for geothermal. Those that were a available were developed and are dutifully doing their job of providing clean energy. Their total contribution is a couple of %.

    Producing âoedryâ geothermal energy that can be deployed in many more places is still not a well-developed technology. But t s definitely getting some funding and attention.

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