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AI Robotics Businesses

Amazon's Algorithm Automatically Fires Inefficient Warehouse Workers (theverge.com) 293

The Verge obtained Amazon documents detailing the firing of hundreds of warehouse workers who failed to live up to "a proprietary productivity metric." Those firings "are far more common than outsiders realize" -- and they're apparently initiated by an algorithm. In a signed letter last year, an attorney representing Amazon said the company fired "hundreds" of employees at a single facility between August of 2017 and September 2018 for failing to meet productivity quotas. A spokesperson for the company said that, over that time, roughly 300 full-time associates were terminated for inefficiency. The number represents a substantial portion of the facility's workers: a spokesperson said the named fulfillment center in Baltimore includes about 2,500 full-time employees today. Assuming a steady rate, that would mean Amazon was firing more than 10 percent of its staff annually, solely for productivity reasons.

The documents also show a deeply automated tracking and termination process. "Amazon's system tracks the rates of each individual associate's productivity," according to the letter, "and automatically generates any warnings or terminations regarding quality or productivity without input from supervisors." (Amazon says supervisors are able to override the process....)

"One of the things that we hear consistently from workers is that they are treated like robots in effect because they're monitored and supervised by these automated systems," says Stacy Mitchell, co-director of the Institute for Local Self-Reliance and a prominent Amazon critic. "They're monitored and supervised by robots...." The bottom 5 percent of workers are placed on a training plan, according to the company. An appeal system is also part of the termination process.

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Amazon's Algorithm Automatically Fires Inefficient Warehouse Workers

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  • Inefficiency reduced (Score:2, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward

    At first glance the capitalist in me is fine with this. At second glance, I wonder if handicapped and elderly are left out to dry, possibly illegally.

    • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday April 27, 2019 @01:50PM (#58501498)

      AFAIK it is not illegal for a job to have necessary physical requirements, it is only illegal to have unnecessary ones. For example the handicapped and elderly probably can't qualify to become firemen.

    • by gweihir ( 88907 ) on Saturday April 27, 2019 @01:55PM (#58501516)

      It creates a class of people that cannot get work despite wanting to. Now, is somebody that is just not very smart or gets distracted easily or has some other issue that reduces their performance "handicapped"? And do not forget that society pays for those people, one way or another and whether it wants to or not. In fact, the more it tries to not pay for them, the more expensive these people get, e.g. via sickness and crime.

      Incidentally, legality is not really a factor here. The law is stupid, inflexible, easily outmaneuvered and generally upheld by people with large egos and small skills. That means it has no actual power to do anything effective about this problem. The only thing it can do is accelerate the move to an all-robotic workforce and even more people unable to get work.

      • by Kjella ( 173770 ) on Saturday April 27, 2019 @02:33PM (#58501688) Homepage

        It creates a class of people that cannot get work despite wanting to. Now, is somebody that is just not very smart or gets distracted easily or has some other issue that reduces their performance "handicapped"?

        There's long been a class of people that aren't really fit for "normal" jobs but aren't drooling zombies. Here in Norway we have shielded workplaces where a lot of people with Downs syndrome and various other mental conditions work. It makes sense for the government to get some residual work benefit out of them rather than be on straight disability.

        • by PPH ( 736903 )

          we have shielded workplaces where a lot of people with Downs syndrome and various other mental conditions work.

          Management.

          Laugh if you want. But I've worked at a few places where, if someone could make it off the shop floor and into management with a drinking problem, short term memory fried from too much pot or serious emotional problems, they were golden. All it took was a few buddies to help you cover up and put your name into the hat for the next promotion. Or marry the boss' daughter.

        • Not really (Score:5, Insightful)

          by rsilvergun ( 571051 ) on Saturday April 27, 2019 @03:21PM (#58501888)
          they end up competing in the job market with other employees. In the end their reduced capacity is used as an excuse to cut their wages, driving everybody's pay down. Funny thing is, they're often insanely good workers, being OCD. A bud worked for a "charity" that employed them here in the states. Paid them $1/hr to do manufacturing. Legal because it was "charity". Those would have been $20/hr jobs if the company was forced to hire Union.
        • by shanen ( 462549 )

          It creates a class of people that cannot get work despite wanting to. Now, is somebody that is just not very smart or gets distracted easily or has some other issue that reduces their performance "handicapped"?

          There's long been a class of people that aren't really fit for "normal" jobs but aren't drooling zombies. Here in Norway we have shielded workplaces where a lot of people with Downs syndrome and various other mental conditions work. It makes sense for the government to get some residual work benefit out of them rather than be on straight disability.

          You make it sound rather ugly, even exploitative. More important that they get some satisfaction out of being able to do some work and have some satisfaction in feeling useful. No need to rub it in that they are only "useful" within their actual capabilities. That's actually true for all of us, opportunities permitting.

      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        by uncqual ( 836337 )

        Suppose an employer has two job candidates. Both candidates do equal quality work but one gets more work done than the other. Wouldn't you expect the employer to hire the one that gets more work done?

        Every employee is always basically a job applicant as well -- if there's someone who is more productive and wants the job, they will replace an existing employee. Of course, the existing employee has some advantages. First, their work is a known quantity while, usually, a new employee is not so is a riskier bet

        • by Anonymous Coward

          Easy to shrug it off as "that's life" when it's somebody else.

      • Comment removed (Score:5, Insightful)

        by account_deleted ( 4530225 ) on Saturday April 27, 2019 @07:39PM (#58502874)
        Comment removed based on user account deletion
      • I'm easily distracted. I had to time how long it took for 500 ml. of ferric chloride to be pumped using a graduated cylinder. When a co-worker wanted to talk to me I had to stop and start over, couldn't do it.
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      At first glance the capitalist in me is fine with this.

      As it should be. One of the benefits of a flexible capitalist labor market is that people are fired from jobs they are bad at, so they can get different jobs that they are not bad at. We all benefit from a more productive economy.

      At second glance, I wonder if handicapped and elderly are left out to dry

      Perhaps "warehouse worker" isn't a good fit for someone needing crutches or a walker.

      • Perhaps "warehouse worker" isn't a good fit for someone needing crutches or a walker.

        What if they had a speedy walker [hurrycane.com] -- er, "roller"? :-)

      • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday April 27, 2019 @02:16PM (#58501616)

        As it should be. One of the benefits of a flexible capitalist labor market is that people are fired from jobs they are bad at, so they can get different jobs that they are not bad at. We all benefit from a more productive economy.

        In fairy tale land. But in reality, one gets fired they are now damaged goods. And how many times does one have to get fired to find out what they are good at?

        And what if one is good at say, 17th century Russian lit.? There aren't too many jobs for that.

        I know some incredible singers. They are fat and not very good looking. Which means, they can't make a living and will NEVER become a star - they get the occasional gigs making lousy famous good looking performers sound good, but they are rotting away in Starbucks most of the time.

        And as we see, athletic ability is valued more than STEM talent. The fact that someone very good at basketball makes more than any STEM worker a thousand times over shows that athletic ability is more important in our capitalist society.

        Great at math? Meh. Here's maybe six figures and a middle class lifestyle.
        You can hit .365?! Fuck yeah! Here's ten million dollars! And rightly so! For example, great programmers and engineers are easy to come by. Great ball players? Nope. And we need more ball players. They offer more to society than any programmer or engineer any day!

        Capitalism - rewarding people who are the most important to society's well being.

        And Bill, you're management. We all know what value you people add!

      • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 ) on Saturday April 27, 2019 @03:47PM (#58501996) Homepage Journal

        One of the benefits of a flexible capitalist labor market is that people are fired from jobs they are bad at, so they can get different jobs that they are not bad at. We all benefit from a more productive economy.

        One of the down sides is that it dehumanizes workers. There is no allowance for anything other than the metric, e.g. in Amazon's case they time how long it takes to fetch items from the shelves and stopping to assist a colleague who is struggling with something is counted against you.

        Amazon has basically found a way to survive on churn. Use people up, burn them out, discard them. There will always be more looking for that above average wage. They just need to keep it going until they can replace them with robots in a few years time.

        • Isn't being able to push employees the whole point of paying an above average wage? Employers only pay more for commodity task work if they get something in return, generally more control over the employees.
        • by shanen ( 462549 )

          I'd give you a supplemental mod point if I ever got one to give.

          You didn't mention the burning question: "What will happen after Amazon has hired and fired everyone?"

          My hypothetical answer is that it's a great business opportunity. All of those ex-employees will hate Amazon and be eager to buy from some other company. Any other company, so it's just a question of who seizes the opportunity. It's almost enough to make me hope Walmart survives that long.

          There's also the aspect that unemployed people don't do

    • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday April 27, 2019 @05:24PM (#58502366)

      The capitalist in you expects the bottom 10% of society to kill itself or somehow subsist on charity or job hops...

      • The capitalist in you expects the bottom 10% of society to kill itself or somehow subsist on charity or job hops...

        If they don't move their hands fast enough to be a warehouse worker, maybe they could learn to meditate while they work and be a construction flagger. That job is so boring, it is hard to find people that can do it long term even at $18/hr.

        Or maybe they can't quite hustle as fast as the next person, but they're really tolerant and helpful and would be an awesome retail clerk.

        Maybe they're slow because they're too careful, and they could go to the local Community College and learn one of dozens of different

  • better than (Score:5, Insightful)

    by phantomfive ( 622387 ) on Saturday April 27, 2019 @01:42PM (#58501464) Journal
    It's better than being capriciously judged by a manager who secretly thinks you have an untrustworthy look because you don't comb your hair.
  • menial jobs (Score:2, Interesting)

    by hjf ( 703092 )

    NEVER give 100% when doing menial jobs, especially for large corporations. They will always expect MORE productivity from you. It's easy to work a little harder and meet the quotas, than giving 100% and then be expected to do more. If you do menial jobs, you will be promoted to Menial Job Manager and that's it. That's your ceiling. It's just not worth it.

    And what amazon does proves that people "giving 100%" Is a race to the bottom.

    This is true for many aspects in life. For example, I always do my best to re

    • by gweihir ( 88907 )

      Sad as it is, I agree. If you are in such a job, just make sure to not be in the obvious "cut next" group. There is really no path upwards, so do not work yourself to death. In most scenarios, doing this is not hard, a bit of observation will tell you nicely where you stand. But you need to pay attention to this problem and you need to manage your performance, and I fear that is something many of the people we are talking about here cannot really do.

      • by hjf ( 703092 )

        I admire americans, though. Hard working people. With hope. Hope that working hard will get you far in life (while this isn't really true most of the time). Over here people are completely jaded. You realize very quickly when there is no way up, and stop worrying.

    • Part of the ugliness in the article is automation making sure you are monitored 100% of the time and every weakness or temporary slacking off is punished. Squeezing people till the pips come out.
      A second part is that firing people doesn't have to be based on 'fixed and reasonable criteria'. It can also be based on the logic of 'culling the weakest 2% every six month', as is done in some industries.(the banking world uses a combination of culling schemes)
      A third part is the context. Are opportunities rich or

      • A second part is that firing people doesn't have to be based on 'fixed and reasonable criteria'. It can also be based on the logic of 'culling the weakest 2% every six month', as is done in some industries.

        Or as Microsoft called it, "Stack Ranking". What a fucked up debacle that was. They still haven't recovered from it.

        Didn't matter how good you were- if you were in the bottom X percent you got canned. Even if you were objectively a superstar, then "fuck you you're out of here."

  • Manna (Score:5, Interesting)

    by fgouget ( 925644 ) on Saturday April 27, 2019 @01:55PM (#58501518)
    Clearly Amazon is using Manna [marshallbrain.com] as their road map:

    In version 3.0, Manna gained the ability to fire employees as well. I had a friend who got fired that way. He came into the store late for his shift, and it was his third time being late. He punched in and put on his headset. He walked over to the eye scan station to log in. He said Manna sounded normal, and had him working normally for about half an hour. Then Manna asked him to walk to Zone 7 at the back of the store. A Burger-G security guy was standing there with three sheets of paper. [...] Manna said to him, "Steven J. Canis, employee number 4378561, your employment at Burger-G store number 152 is hereby terminated in accordance with employee manual paragraph 12.1, failure to appear at work on time." [...]

  • For legal reasons, a human being probably has to sign off on the termination somewhere along the line, at least for "real" non-contract employees.

    Now that human may be just a rubber-stamper but "for legal purposes" I don't think you can be "fired by computer" in the United States. Practically, yes, but "on paper," I would be shocked if you could.

    • by ScentCone ( 795499 ) on Saturday April 27, 2019 @02:14PM (#58501612)
      Despite the clickbait headline, even the summary comes right out and says the software's review of productivity numbers merely "initiates" the process. The rest - entirely - is handled by human management. The headline could just as easily have read, "Amazon algorithm spares warehouse managers from having to manually maintain and review huge collections of records to make sure they're retaining the employees they actually want working those entry level jobs."
      • Of course there is a human in the loop.

        They look at the report and press the OK button.

        They get assessed on how long it takes them to do that.

    • I know of no law that says you cannot be fired by computer. A quick Google search turned up nothing for me. Do we have any lawyers around that can answer this question?
  • Worth of pay (Score:3, Insightful)

    by markdavis ( 642305 ) on Saturday April 27, 2019 @02:19PM (#58501636)

    This is a good example of how minimum wages (either set by government or self-imposed by the business) can let people fall through the cracks. There probably are people that just can't keep up with whatever Amazon demands for their X dollars per hour for that position. It could be those employee are in pain, older, weaker, spatially challenged, have worse vision, or generally just slower metabolism... things they can't control (and perhaps can't be helped). Or it could be they are lazy, chatty, or unmotivated. Realistically, it doesn't matter that much in a purely business-sense why they perform lower. But instead of Amazon being able to keep those employees and perhaps pay them less (so they could have a few MORE total employees with the same total output), minimum pay might force employment replacement. Of course, they might also have other limitations to how many employees they can have at once (safety, space, supervision), which can change the equation.

    So, anyway, on one hand it seems "fair" to treat everyone the same... And on the other hand it doesn't seem "fair" to treat everyone the same, since people aren't the same. Eventually, it comes down to the employees- if they don't like it or don't think it is fair, they leave (they don't have to work there) or they are fired. And if a large portion of people simply won't work in those conditions, Amazon will have a hard time filling those positions and supply/demand will dictate they have to lower their standards and/or pay more.

  • Getting more and more like the company Kerblam! from a Doctor Who episode.
  • My friend had a masters project in CS way back in time. Some thing based on yacc, collecting stats about number of lines per function, code/comment ratio, etc etc. Then print some feedback about the code quality. His thesis guru, a fiend in human form to hear my friend tell it, ran the submitted executable on the submitted source code, and it printed several hundred lines of criticism. Miserable failure.

    Wonder if Amazon retunes the same code and decide to fire inefficient programmers who developed that co

    • In fairness, your friend should have tried it on his own code himself. Either it's wrong and his code was actually much better than reported; or it's correct and his code was terrible. Either way, his code was bad.
  • by janoc ( 699997 ) on Saturday April 27, 2019 @02:47PM (#58501754)

    Someone has automated the universally hated and idiotic stack ranking system. Someone's always getting fired/"retrained", no matter of the actual performance.

    I guess they don't realize what this will do for the morale of the workers. Or, more likely, they do but they don't care, because the warehouse workers are effectively disposable due to the low/no qualification requirements.

    And it is also telling that Amazon is using these practices only in the US - if they tried this here in their French warehouses, they would have been marched to court already.

  • At least they don't have a laser to kill you if you take too much time in the bathroom [claudiocolombo.net]. Yet.

  • Some people are just not built for the job (any job), so it's better to separate for both of them.
    You have to have the right personality for any job or you won't make it, at least not with any sense of happiness.
    Just please don't go into civil service, there are already too many of you there.

  • wish we'd stop it already. What'd that one guy say? Software is going to eat the world. Here it is, eating our lives. Work harder for less. And less. And less.
  • by sjames ( 1099 ) on Saturday April 27, 2019 @03:50PM (#58502010) Homepage Journal

    Once again, science fiction actually predicts the future [wikipedia.org].

  • by Kernel Kurtz ( 182424 ) on Saturday April 27, 2019 @04:13PM (#58502118)

    is treat your employees well and they will go the extra mile for you when you need it. Treat them poorly and they will fuck you around any chance they get.

    Amazon may think their algorithm gets around this rule, but they would be wrong to think the employees who are not fired don't still follow it.

  • Amazon is the new Microsoft. Too big, too destructive, an existential threat to everyone else, and ABSOLUTELY needs to be broken up, taken down, brought down about a million pegs by any means necessary.
    • Microsoft to their credit at least treats their employees ok and has reformed after being beat by Google and the internet to where they support linux via wsl on Windows 10 and host it on Azure and contribute to open source.

      I was thinking of creating an Amazon account to play with build and e3 but fuck. I don't want to contribute to the problem and I still love whole foods and trader Joe's sigh

  • Read this short story: https://www.marshallbrain.com/... [marshallbrain.com] Although I'm not sure when this was published. Amazon may already have been doing this when it was.
  • Chains of production in factories tend to have clearly measurable outputs (amount of product x unit of time), and a lot of metrics a computer can measure just by knowing who is where in the pipeline.

    Managers watch the historical output per employee and can easily identify the consistent laggards.

    Now the only difference is that Amazon has applied the same approach to warehouses. And somehow it's an affront to humane management.
  • This system has a flaw being there always a bottom 5 percent
  • Fired by the Computer!
    "It wasn't me. The computer did it!", says the manager. The managers that I know hate to fire (or discipline) a worker/employee. It is fraught with all of kinds of fears, anxiety and dangers for the firing manager. Now the computer tracks performance and issues warning when the employee is compromising their position and work. Now the computer fires the employee who doesn't respond to discipline. The manager is out of it.
    Of course, Amazon now needs fewer managers but, hey, the j
  • by SlaveToTheGrind ( 546262 ) on Saturday April 27, 2019 @07:10PM (#58502774)

    Occam wins again. The Verge really had to go out of their way to crop-quote what they did and ignore the context from the full document they shamelessly display on their site. Here's what it actually says:

    Amazon's system tracks the rates of each individual associate's productivity, and automatically generates any warnings or terminations regarding quality or productivity without input from supervisors. Any system feedback or automatically generated warning or termination notices are required to be provided to associates within 14 days. If the feedback is not provided for any reason, i.e. associate or manager on vacation or the facility is at "peak" operation level, the notice expires and is no longer valid.

    So no, Virginia -- computers are not automatically firing people. Computers generate recommended actions based on an objective set of metrics, but humans still have to explicitly follow through in each and every case.

    Now, let's talk about why they wrote this letter in the first place. They're in the midst of defending against a labor suit by a former employee who claimed they were terminated for engaging in legally protected activity. Amazon submitted this as evidence that they have a highly objective process of measuring employee performance, and thus the worker's claims were baloney. At which point then they're castigated for having an objective system. Damned if they do, etc.

  • by strikethree ( 811449 ) on Tuesday April 30, 2019 @01:45PM (#58517630) Journal

    It is good to know that Jack Welch of still alive and well. Keep on keeping on bro. Keep on keeping on.

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