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Power United States Technology

Texas Has Enough Sun and Wind To Quit Coal, Rice Researchers Say (houstonchronicle.com) 280

According to new research from Rice University, Texas has enough natural patterns of wind and sun to operate without coal. "Scientists found that between wind energy from West Texas and the Gulf Coast, and solar energy across the state, Texas could meet a significant portion of its electricity demand from renewable power without extensive battery storage," reports Houston Chronicle. "The reason: These sources generate power at different times of day, meaning that coordinating them could replace production from coal-fired plants." From the report: Texas is the largest producer of wind energy in the United States, generating about 18 percent of its electricity from wind. Most of the state's wind turbines are located in West Texas, where the wind blows the strongest at night and in the early spring, when demand is low. The resource, however, can be complemented by turbines on the Gulf Coast, where wind produces the most electricity on late afternoons in the summer, when power demand is the highest. Solar energy, a small, but rapidly growing segment of the state's energy mix, also has the advantage of generating power when it is needed most -- hot, sunny summer afternoons.

In the summer, Gulf Coast wind generation could overtake West Texas wind capacity from about 1 p.m. to 8 p.m. when sea breezes kick in, Rice research showed. From about 8 a.m. until 6 p.m., solar power average capacity also could exceed wind generation in West Texas, which increases as evening turns to night. In the winter, winds in West Texas strengthen and generation increases, dropping off about 9 a.m., when solar energy begins to ramp up. "It's all a matter of timing," said Dan Woodfin, senior director of system operations at the state's grid manager, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas. Weather, however, remains unpredictable. Texas would still need battery storage and natural gas-fired power plants to fill in gaps when, for example, winds might slacken earlier than expected.

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Texas Has Enough Sun and Wind To Quit Coal, Rice Researchers Say

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  • by tgrigsby ( 164308 ) on Thursday January 03, 2019 @10:36PM (#57902186) Homepage Journal

    Yes, but do they have the balls?

    • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

      by gtall ( 79522 )

      Texas? Of course not, they are so scared of everything they think they need guns everywhere. A bunch of he-boys with no guts.

  • Finally... (Score:5, Funny)

    by jfdavis668 ( 1414919 ) on Thursday January 03, 2019 @10:41PM (#57902204)
    A use for west Texas.
  • by nehumanuscrede ( 624750 ) on Thursday January 03, 2019 @10:41PM (#57902206)

    As the Gulf Coast tends to see tropical systems of varying strength from time to time.

    Unlikely wind turbines will be running during the storms and, if damaged, will need repair before resuming operation.

    Same for transmission lines that would be carrying said energy across the State.

    • > the Gulf Coast tends to see tropical systems of varying strength from time to time.
      > Unlikely wind turbines will be running during the storms

      Worse than that, the power of wind is proportional to the the velocity CUBED. That means wind turbines are great where you have steady, sustained wind.

      Suppose you build a turbine to start generating power with a 10mph wind. Obviously that has implications for the design, how sturdy vs "lightweight" you make it, if you want the power of a 10mph breeze to both

      • by dfghjk ( 711126 ) on Thursday January 03, 2019 @11:26PM (#57902368)

        If only someone could invent the idea of two modes of operation!

        Humanity owes you a debt of gratitude for identifying this issue that no engineer ever thought of before.

        • by flatulus ( 260854 ) on Thursday January 03, 2019 @11:41PM (#57902416)

          If only someone could invent the idea of two modes of operation!

          I guess nobody has ever heard of variable pitch turbines or "prop feathering" (which works as well for wind turbines as it does for propellor driven aircraft).

          • by raymorris ( 2726007 ) on Friday January 04, 2019 @12:30AM (#57902594) Journal

            Here's the airspeed indicator of a very popular plane, one I studied thoroughly, the Cessna 172:

            https://fsxtimes.files.wordpre... [wordpress.com]

            The stall speed (minimum speed Vni) of the 172 is listed at 48 or 53 (flaps up or down). The Vr, minimum speed for level flight, is 55.

            The green arc, extending to 129, is the normal operating range. 129 is Vno, the Maximum structural cruising speed.

            The yellow arc is speeds that must only be hit in smooth air, and with great caution. "Maximum structur cruising speed"" means this in this range, above 129, turbulence can break the aircraft apart.

            So the airspeed at which the aircraft may break is 2 1/2 times it's minimum speed. Hurricanes are 150MPH - a heck of a lot more than 2.5 times the 10mph sea breeze! (Hurricanes are turbulent, btw).

            The red line is the Velocity Never Exceed, Vne. At 158 structural failure of the aircraft is to be expected.

            So you want to make an analogy to prop-driven planes? They are destroyed at three times their minimum operating airspeed.

            If you want to stick to the prop plane analogy, that suggests that a turbine designed for 10MPH would have structural failure at 30MPH. Still like that analogy?

            • By the way, I didn't create the cube power law. I don't even like it, hence the title "the cube power law is a bitch". It's a pain in the ass when designing planes because the cube power bitch tries to rip the control surfaces and wings off. It did rip the nose off of one of my prototypes. So don't blame me if you find the cube power law inconvenient. I didn't create it, or even like it, I just have to know it.

              • by flatulus ( 260854 ) on Friday January 04, 2019 @01:49AM (#57902738)
                At the risk of escalating this "debate":

                Could wind turbines withstand Category 5 hurricanes" [quora.com]
                This is one of many articles about wind turbines handling high winds. They actually have a "hurricane mode" into which they can be placed.

                Article in NewScientist" [newscientist.com] on failure of wind turbine in the North Sea. And I quote:.

                Much of the evidence was burned, and Infinis and Vestas disagree on which was the key initial cause of the destructive fire: Infinis believes it was the loss of yaw control, while Vestas thinks brake drag more the root cause. While Vestas has produced its own report, an expert was not available to discuss its findings with New Scientist. Vestas has since fixed the brake problem. In future, the feathered rotor will not have the brake applied in high winds; it will be free to turn if it needs to. “Vestas no longer do this and have modified all turbines at Ardrossan to prevent application of the parking brake, which is now only applied during maintenance,” says Infinis spokesman Andrew Dowler."

                Guess what? The article also says: When wind speeds reach 88 km/h turbine blades of wind turbines are usually twisted, or “feathered” ...

                I stand by my assertion. I will agree that airframes are susceptible to failure at airspeeds that are only modestly higher than normal operating airspeeds, however propellers (l.e. turbine blades) are much more robust - again, like propellers on aircraft.

                For grins, I tried calculating tangential velocity of propeller tips on a Cessna 172, given a prop diameter of 76" and an RPM of 2800. My math may not be correct, but I've checked it in Excel and I think it works out to 622 MPH. By your reasoning, you wouldn't even make it off the runway before the propeller self-destructed.

                Airframes and propellers have totally different strength characteristics, no?
                • Planes fly. Windmills do not.

                  So planes have to be built fairly lightly, but windmills can be much more solid. More like the propeller, which on a 172 is near supersonic at the tips.

                  The windmills simply feather their blades much like the variable pitch prop on the plane you move to after you have mastered the 172.

                  There are issues, mainly that the wind does not blow steadily from one direction.

                  For small wind systems, the tower itself is typically hinged so that it can be dropped in a storm. Probably not pr

                  • > So planes have to be built fairly lightly, but windmills can be much more solid.

                    I don't know if you've ever seen a wind turbine, but the blades are actually long skinny things, much like the wings on a glider, and for the same reason. We call that "high aspect ratio" when we're designing airfoils, and the aspect ratio needs to be high for a reason. It makes a HUGE difference in efficiency. Wind turbine blades need to have a much higher aspect ratio than airplane wings.

                    Long skinny things get broken easi

                • Quotes about actual cases of wind turbines getting destroyed by high winds, and then ...

                  > I stand by my assertion.

                  Based on the fact that wind turbines are in fact destroyed by high winds, you're going to assert that wind turbines can't be destroyed by high winds? Okay.

                  > For grins, I tried calculating tangential velocity of propeller tips and I think it works out to 622 MPH. By your reasoning, you wouldn't even make it off the runway before the propeller self-destructed.

                  Awesome. Did you calculate the

                  • by dfghjk ( 711126 )

                    You are a moron.

                    Ratios of loads don't matter, only maximum loads do. If you build a device to withstand a maximum load it will not fail under no load because the load "ratio" is too great. It may fail, though, if the load exceeds what it is designed for. That's what engineering is, something you pretend to be knowledgeable in but demonstrate time and again that you are not.

                    Airplanes can be designed for a wider range of speeds than you think they are capable of...and often are. Not that it's relevant.

              • by dfghjk ( 711126 )

                With the ignorance you display here, it seems unlikely that you are a structural engineer, aero engineer or an engineer of any sort. Certainly not a good one. It's more likely you are a guy capable of using Google but not really understanding the results.

                One thing I'm sure of, the solution to renewable energy won't be coming from your "creative mind". Good luck with your nose cones.

            • The stall speed (minimum speed Vni) of the 172 is listed at 48 or 53 (flaps up or down). The Vr, minimum speed for level flight, is 55.

              What's that got to do with the propellers? The propellers can surely propel the plane just fine from 0 mph up; otherwise, how do you start the damn thing? Off a cliff?

            • by dfghjk ( 711126 )

              "So you want to make an analogy to prop-driven planes? They are destroyed at three times their minimum operating airspeed."

              The only "analogy to prop-driven planes" is your straw man. Planes are required to be lightweight, required strength is an engineering input to the problem, not an inherent limitation.

              "Still like that analogy?"

              No, but you do! It is, after all, only your analogy.

              • Actually if you click, you'll see I was replying to someone who said basically:

                A given wind turbine design can easily function at both 10MPH and 150MPH, because airplanes do.

                Well no, they don't. An airplane that flies at 10uV suffers structural failure at about 30-40uV, because the forces on the structure are so much higher - proportional to velocity cubed.

    • by slack_justyb ( 862874 ) on Thursday January 03, 2019 @11:34PM (#57902392)

      Unlikely wind turbines will be running during the storms and, if damaged, will need repair before resuming operation

      This is a very odd argument. I'm not aware of any infrastructure that holds up well to storms. So the same can be pretty much said for anything versus nature. I get that there's degrees of repair, but pretty much everyone has to take the whole nature versus things distinctly not natural into the equation. That's part of the operating cost... Or at least I would hope that operators are banking some back in the event nature does damage to their operations.

      It's like saying that buying a low to the ground car is a bad idea because it might flood in the area, but that's essentially true for anything except for vehicles that are overtly raised and even then that raised vehicle, because it is raised, has a different set of challenges to handle. At any rate, that doesn't negate the whole point of why one ought to invest in insurance that is correctly matched to the investment placed into their vehicle.

      • Re: (Score:2, Informative)

        by sfcat ( 872532 )

        Unlikely wind turbines will be running during the storms and, if damaged, will need repair before resuming operation

        I'm not aware of any infrastructure that holds up well to storms.

        Seriously? All of them except wind and solar do well in storms.

        • by dfghjk ( 711126 ) on Friday January 04, 2019 @12:04AM (#57902516)

          Do the "transmission lines" for wind and solar not "do well" while the "transmission lines" for everything else "do well"?

          How well do refineries, fossil fuel storage and transportation do in serious storms? Better than wind and solar? Really?

          In typical /. fashion, people just make stuff up. Renewal infrastructure largely doesn't exist yet, it's not a given that it can't withstand weather.

        • by TheRealQuestor ( 1750940 ) on Friday January 04, 2019 @12:44AM (#57902632)

          Seriously? All of them except wind and solar do well in storms.

          Just ask all the folks over in Puerto Rico who are STILL without electricity/potable water/food/etc how well "all of then" held up against a hurricane. I live in south Texas fairly close to the gulf and having grown up in the mid west, NOTHING scares me as much as the thought of another hurricane. Nothing stands up well against them.

        • by Khyber ( 864651 )

          " All of them except wind and solar do well in storms."

          Better go tell that to Haiti, the Phillippines, Indonesia, etc.

    • As the Gulf Coast tends to see tropical systems of varying strength from time to time.

      If they buffed up the wind turbines sufficiently they could power North America when a hurricane came through.

  • by Anonymous Coward on Thursday January 03, 2019 @10:41PM (#57902210)

    Just set up road signs on generators and allow the locals to shoot at them (like they would anyway)

  • The sun goes down.
    The wind stops.
    Then its time for that really big natural gas-fired power plant to fill the gap.
    Then its sunny again and the wind works as expected again.
    • Re:Until (Score:5, Informative)

      by h33t l4x0r ( 4107715 ) on Thursday January 03, 2019 @11:33PM (#57902388)
      Because there's no such thing as batteries.
      • Re:Until (Score:4, Interesting)

        by sfcat ( 872532 ) on Thursday January 03, 2019 @11:47PM (#57902438)

        Because there's no such thing as *Grid Scale* batteries.

        FIFY

        • AHEM (Score:3, Insightful)

          by SuperKendall ( 25149 )

          Because there's no such thing as *Grid Scale* batteries.-> FIFY

          Or... maybe there is now. [electrek.co]

          • South Australian grid is an earlier generation. Next generation grid scale batteries are in the US of A.

            PG&L, the California utility is shuttering three peak power plants fired by natural gas and replacing them with batteries. Four projects, two of them experimental 10 GWh systems. Biggest system (not Tesla) 1.2 GWh, (300 MW times 4 hours), next one (Tesla) 700 MWh (175 MW x 4 hours).

            The grid scale batteries are expected to damp down the peak power costs in the spot market. In fact, they are likely t

        • by AmiMoJo ( 196126 )

          Except for the ones in Hawaii, and Australia, and Japan, and Europe, and a bunch of other places.

          Wikipedia has a nice overview: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... [wikipedia.org]

      • by AHuxley ( 892839 )
        Pay for extensive battery storage too? Who is going to pay for all this?
        Low cost energy that stays on 24/7 at a low price is what a productive and export friendly state needs.
        • Re:Until (Score:5, Insightful)

          by drinkypoo ( 153816 ) <drink@hyperlogos.org> on Friday January 04, 2019 @12:05AM (#57902518) Homepage Journal

          Pay for extensive battery storage too? Who is going to pay for all this?

          Who's going to pay to clean up after fossil fuels?

          Low cost energy that stays on 24/7 at a low price is what a productive and export friendly state needs.

          A predictable climate is what humanity needs.

          • by AHuxley ( 892839 )
            Re "climate" won't keep the power on day and night at a low price.
            Only having low cost power when the sun is up and then wind is blowing results in changes in power costs.
            Thats when the natural gas-fired power plant gets to set any price it wants.
            Thats no good for a state that wants to export to the world and needs low cost energy production 24/7.

            Who is going to pay for new solar, wind and extensive new battery storage?
            Thats going to add to the cost of power. Power that's only low cost when then su
          • Who's going to pay to clean up after fossil fuels?
            Wrong analogy. But interesting that people as your parent always see costs, but ignore the sunk costs. Obviously sunk costs can not really be recovered ... most of the time.

            But if they talk about batteries as storage, and ask about costs, well: how much does the stored oil in a country cost? The coal? The coal on ships, the ships carrying it. The oil on ships, the ships carrying it, same for gas.

            Obviously there never was a question if you need a pipeline, a

        • Low cost energy that stays on 24/7 at a low price is what a productive and export friendly state needs.

          Sure, it's not like those jerks in Europe export anything.

        • by Ichijo ( 607641 )

          Low cost energy that stays on 24/7 at a low price is what a productive and export friendly state needs.

          If you can predict via weather reports when electricity will be cheapest, you can do your energy intensive manufacturing then, and let your less flexible competitors waste money manufacturing at night when there's no wind! Or your competitors can move close to a hydroelectric dam or geothermal or nuclear plant where the electricity flows 24/7. It will be interesting to see what happens. (And it will, one

        • The utilities will pay for it. Because it is cheaper to use batteries to handle peak load power than to fire up the boilers and the natural gas powered gas turbine.

          Green technology is usually more expensive, so there is a lot of resistance to it from the operators and the users. But the moment Green becomes cheaper, the utilities will adopt it en masse and you could not do a thing to stop it.

          PG & L 1.2 GWh batteries, and 750 GWh batteries to replace three natural gas peak power plants. It costs very

    • Then its time for that really big natural gas-fired power plant to fill the gap.
      Na, I sit outside with a jacket and a cover and have a char coal fire and a candle and read my ebooks ... or switch to paper books :D

    • Any hydroelectric power station with a dam can function as a battery. Low flow during the day, high flow during the night.

    • by dfghjk ( 711126 )

      Wind doesn't stop when the sun goes down. Weather doesn't take nights off.

  • We get a great deal of hurricanes in the gulf coast, making the real world utility of that much coastal based wind impractical.
    • by dfghjk ( 711126 )

      Prove it.

      We get a great deal of hurricanes in the gulf coast, making the real world utility of that much fossil fuel-based energy impractical.

  • This is all about the potential. It is also has the potential to run the state on nuclear without coal. How about algae power? Gerbil power?

  • know about energy? It's not like there's a lot of unknown science around rice. It's one of the oldest cultivated plants.

  • by BeCre8iv ( 563502 ) on Friday January 04, 2019 @02:25AM (#57902806)
    ...have Red Dead Redemption 2 and soy sauce, they will never give up rice.
  • Texas needs to have not nat gas, but nuke power (or geo-thermal or hydro) to depend on. ALL nations have to stop using fossil fuels.
    It is one thing to switch from coal to nat gas (cuts CO2 emissions by nearly 1/2), BUT it is foolish to ADD more nat gas plants.
    Texas has nuclear power plants. A smart move is to add NuScale reactors in various locations, ideally, within 50 miles of the ocean, using ocean water for cooling.
    At the same time, it is easy to add heat based desalination for next to free. Then
  • by Shotgun ( 30919 ) on Friday January 04, 2019 @12:23PM (#57904706)

    I lean libertarian, but this article indicates that there really is a role for government to play in renewables that does not boil down to the President writing big checks to his political donors. IMHO, one of the proper roles of government is to enable markets. Building a road system enables farmers to bring their crops to the cities, and for cities to sale their manufactured goods to farmers. It doesn't make sense for either group to build the roads by themselves, and having a third party build, own and control the roads puts to much power in the hands of individuals, and creates innefficient roads since the builder would have to negotiate terms with individual land owners to build the roads in the first place.

    The current situation with renewables is that small amounts of power are created at different times of the day in different areas. Getting the power from the western plains to the eastern factories to take advantage of all that wind is problematic (drive across Indiana and you see a large portion of the windmills stopped even though the wind is vigorous). The biggest boost the Feds could give to renewables is to put the federal electricity distribution grid on steroids. Once I can sell my wind produced energy on an open market the size of the US, I'd never let them to stop. And I'd probably put up more for even more passive income.

    I know there is currently a federal grid, but it should be beefed up and anyone allowed to participate in the market in the same way that anyone can set up a trucking company.

  • by theendlessnow ( 516149 ) * on Friday January 04, 2019 @12:54PM (#57904912)
    I think that long term this is going to happen. We've already seen a drastic reduction on coal as natural gas took over and wind has helped make that story even better. I'm looking forward to some great things happening in the state of Texas.

    But, alas, as a coastal state with a lot of refinery operations, not sure that's going to change much.... there's just too much money there today (emphasis on today).

    It's difficult to make any drives on I-45 without seeing many many fan blades in transit.

    Solar? Well, I think that we'll see advancements there and the possibility of solar farms.... it's just more of a "land grab" than wind is. But who knows? If a power company sees enough profit, they'll pay the big bucks to get the land required. If Democrats take the White House next election, maybe they'll coerce the power companies so that they'll have no choice, either go solar (major) and earn less money or die completely (a precarious position given that even Democrats love electricity).

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