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Hardware Hacking Security Build

Is Cheap Video Surveillance Possible? 700

timholman writes "After a series of burglaries and auto break-ins in my neighborhood, I'm thinking about adding some video security cameras to my home. To me, the object isn't just deterrence — if someone tries to break into my house or my car (parked on the street in front of my house), I'd like to provide a high-quality image of the perpetrator to the police. Inexpensive video surveillance systems, with their atrocious image quality, are nearly useless. The problem is being able to get good image quality at an affordable price. After some research, I've decided that using network cameras to FTP images to a central server over a HomePlug network is the best solution. However, good megapixel network cameras (e.g. Stardot or Axis cameras) can easily cost more than $1,000 each. Has any of you dealt with a similar situation? Is there any way to get reasonable quality (preferably open source) daytime and nighttime video surveillance equipment for home use without paying an arm and a leg? Is it better to go with a couple of expensive cameras, or a multitude of inexpensive cameras? Is paying two to three thousand dollars simply unavoidable if I want to monitor my front and back yards?"
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Is Cheap Video Surveillance Possible?

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  • Here is a start... (Score:5, Interesting)

    by neapolitan ( 1100101 ) * on Sunday April 27, 2008 @09:49PM (#23218850)
    Well, you've got to do a cost-benefit analysis similar to a business. In low light it is going to be difficult to get a high-quality images without extra light (obvious you are monitoring them) or a really, really expensive camera which is vulnerable to spray-painting or vandalism itself.

    I was going to do something similar at a previous residence, but found that I would have to worry about people stealing the camera, or simply wearing a mask and gloves when they break in, which will really render the best camera useless. In the end, I used a hidden cheap Linksys webcam that was discreetly hidden inside my house, enough to alert me and catch a careless criminal.

    I have also had good success with the D-Link products, which are very cheap.

    http://www.dlink.com/products/category.asp?cid=60&sec=0 [dlink.com]

    Also, keep in mind that making your house / area "different" may actually attract more attention. Numerous cameras outside a particular residence screams "important stuff here" if you can't hide them effectively.
  • by evanbd ( 210358 ) on Sunday April 27, 2008 @09:59PM (#23218934)

    I sat on a grand jury a couple years ago. (Not an investigatory one; we issued general felony indictments. The county I live in does things a little oddly -- they have a pair of standing grand juries, each of which meets once a month to hear potential indictments. You're on the jury for a year, and hear a couple dozen cases each day, so I saw a bunch. All felony indictments go through one of the two.)

    The most common case for small time burglary was that there would be a set of crimes that the police were convinced were related, and then finally the thief would hit some place that had video cameras that were placed well enough to produce a usable image -- at which point, odds were they had already had dealings with that person, and the case got fairly easy. So usually they would present it to us as an indictment for just the one crime, but explain that the investigation was being treated as part of a group.

    So if you want the guy caught, there's really no substitute for good video surveillance. Sure, plenty of cases were based on things like the thief pawning stolen goods, but video was the most prevalent and easiest to work with.

  • by zappepcs ( 820751 ) on Sunday April 27, 2008 @10:00PM (#23218954) Journal
    I agree, deterrence is the first line of home security (thus big signs saying protected by xyz alarm company etc.) and the second is having actual security video. High quality video is hardly necessary for security purposes. Generally one half decent quality face photo will be good enough for the police, but there is ALWAYS the question of whether or not they will do anything with it.

    When my car was broken into, the thief had greasy fingers and left large as life well made finger prints on the window. I couldn't even pay the police to take them as evidence. I'm not kidding. Property theft is hardly high on the list when they have terrorists and war protester to chase after.

    I was thinking of a motion activated camera (low lux black and white) with software control on the pan/tilt and all remoted to the computer room I have. The latest addition on that is to mount a laser pointer on the camera so that it will point at whatever the camera is following.

    This could be either lots of fun with the dog, or quite menacing to a would be robber :)
  • by greyhueofdoubt ( 1159527 ) on Sunday April 27, 2008 @10:04PM (#23218974) Homepage Journal
    >>In low light it is going to be difficult to get a high-quality images without extra light

    I agreed with the rest of your post, but from what I've seen of small CCTV cameras these days, they use IR LEDs for illumination. I have one from DealExtreme ($12) that comes with them built in.

    -b
  • by holophrastic ( 221104 ) on Sunday April 27, 2008 @10:18PM (#23219086)
    There is only one important reason to have video surveillance. I've got a camera outside each entrance to my home -- four. It's not as a deterance. And it's not for security. And it's not to catch the thief.

    It's for one thing and one thing only -- insurance. It's really easy to make a claim when you have video footage of someone stealing your stuff. That's it. It doesn't need to be a good quality picture at all. It needs to show a humanoid holding a television.

    There are, of course, gravy tastes. Most insurance companies will give you a small discount for having such video. Also, when the cat got out (movers left the basement doors open after they'd left), watching eight hours of video at 16x speed allowed me to figure out that Snickers had crawled into a furnace vent. She came out when we turned off the flow of fresh air.

  • by Artuir ( 1226648 ) on Sunday April 27, 2008 @10:20PM (#23219094)
    If you know the cameras won't do anything, don't you think in most cases the burglars know that too? Sure the "profession" attracts a lot of stupid types, but it ought to be common knowledge to even them that cameras don't really mean anything for home security other than a deterrent.
  • Good Luck! (Score:5, Interesting)

    by aaarrrgggh ( 9205 ) on Sunday April 27, 2008 @10:23PM (#23219114)
    My wife's bicycle was stolen at her work (directly across the street from the police station, with regular police officer foot-traffic in the building). We had fancy cameras and a close-up of the guy's face within an hour of the theft.

    Did it help anything? No...

    The cameras were also in plain sight, and he was especially brazen in how he went about it all.

    Technology won't solve the problem.
  • Do it cheaply (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Yossarian45793 ( 617611 ) on Sunday April 27, 2008 @10:23PM (#23219120)
    You can do it cheaply, but don't expect to get any amazing images. I have 4 cameras outside my house recording full motion video 24x7. I spent only about $800 on the hardware ($125 per camera, $50 per video capture board, and $25 for coax cable). I record at 640x480x30fps and I can store about 3.5 days worth of video on an old 120 GB hard drive. I caught a kid breaking into my car at night, but there was no way to identify him, and police didn't want to pursue the case because he only took a few dollars out of my change tray. Even if his face had been clearer on the video I still doubt they would have done anything unless I also gave them a name and address. I believe the police view petty theft under a few thousand dollars as an issue for your insurance. Your best bet is to install motion sensing lights outside your house. They're a lot cheaper than cameras and they have better deterrent value. If you still want cameras, get the lights too because they're much more effective than infrared-LED-based night vision, which have very limitted range. After having these cameras running for more than a year the thing I use them most for is checking whether the UPS man left a package on my front steps.
  • by kauos ( 1168299 ) on Sunday April 27, 2008 @10:45PM (#23219272) Homepage
    I used to use Motion [lavrsen.dk]. I had it setup for surveillance of my home office. It used just a plain USB webcam, and would only record when it detected movement. I managed to configure it to turn on when my screensaver turned on, and turn off when I logged back into the computer. If it detected movement, it would email the resulting video to a gmail account. Worked really well, except that it burnt out two Logitech Quickcam Pro 4000's (I don't think they like being left on for long periods of time). Haven't really found a good webcam for linux since so I never set it back up again (not that I looked that hard). If anybody has a recommendation for a good linux webcam that has a reasonably wide angle lens and decent low light response then please share.
  • by aXis100 ( 690904 ) on Sunday April 27, 2008 @10:45PM (#23219274)
    Forget the cameras. Put in an alarm system with lots of PIR's (I have them in every room that has valuables), and make the internal siren(s) loud enough to make your ears bleed. Same with the car - put a 120dB siren (or two) on the inside.

    Unfortunately sirens and strobes on the outside get ignored by the general public, and the cops dont care about the petty crime as much as you would like. When the internal sirens are so loud you nearly vomit, the crooks will leave prematurely and unsuccessful.

  • Re:IQeye (Score:5, Interesting)

    by hdon ( 1104251 ) on Sunday April 27, 2008 @10:49PM (#23219314)
    Imagine that! Video cameras more expensive than still cameras!

    Incidentally, timholman, I recommend you invest in a quality still-picture digital camera if you want an economic solution for high quality digital imaging.

    I'd take a look at buying one of the cheaper Canon Powershot cameras between $100 and $200 for which there exists open source firmware [slashdot.org]. For networking, you might explore whether or not the USB mechanism in the camera can be coerced into the host role (as opposed to acting as a device) which has been accomplished in similar situations for devices such as the BlackDog [projectblackdog.com] and many iPods with Linux installed [ipodlinux.org]. With USB device hosting capability in hand, you could then easily connect it to a USB Ethernet NIC for a little over $20.

    With your own firmware installed, you might even do something really novel and program the camera to do something that will get the intruder's attention before snapping a photo so that they are sure to be looking right at it, giving you an excellent shot of his or her identity.

    Let us know how it goes!
  • How about a fake dog (Score:5, Interesting)

    by EEPROMS ( 889169 ) on Sunday April 27, 2008 @10:52PM (#23219336)
    I was listening to a radio interview with a professional house theif. When the said thief was asked what was the best deterant the reply was "a small dog as they are next to impossible to catch or bribe". After hearing this news the mental gears started whirring and I created a fake YAPPING dog security system. Its very simple with a IR motion sensor on the back and front entrance hooked into a MP3 player and a small PC speaker system. The hard part was finding a good yapping dog recording until I asked someone at the park if I could record her dog barking and she was happy to oblige once I explained why. Another trick is to have multiple varying MP3 files and make sure the MP3 player is set to shuffle so it sounds more realistic.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday April 27, 2008 @11:20PM (#23219482)
    Here's what works great for me - total cost, about $500. I live in a fairly-grotty neighborhood in Oakland, not far from Nina Reiser's former home.

        One cheap color video camera, aimed out the window on my front door. The camera cost $40 on eBay and is wired directly to my DVR. It sees my front stairs, the sidewalk, and street in front of my house.

        One modestly cheap color video camera with IR Leds (about $60 on eBay). Hardwired to the DVR. This is on the driveway of my house, pointing towards the street. Its far coverge is similar to the front door.

        Neither video camera has Pan/Tilt/Zoom ... I manually aim 'em. Rarely have I wished them to be changed.

        A 4 Channel Security Video Recorder - records mpeg4. About $250 on eBay. I only use 2 of the 4 channels. A 100Gbyte IDE disk drive adds another $60 to the total.

        Cheap car-headrest style 5 inch LCD/TFT monitor, which is set next to my computer monitor.

        Wire & connectors to connect everything (to my surprise, cheap CAT-3 cable works fine, even though it isn't shielded!)

        An infrared doorbell which chimes whenever someone walks up the drive. When it sounds, I glance at the monitor to see who's there.

        The recorder saves a week's worth of imagery. It's a bit of a pain to scan to what I want to see (the DVR software is horrible).

        Over the past three years, this setup has:
      - Caught one postal thief! The guy came up on my porch and tried to steal two boxes. I caught him in the act, and he ran away, dropping my two boxes along the way. Thanks to the video, the US Postal Inspectors successfully prosecuted him for mail theft. The guy lived in the suburbs and trolled the city looking for mail to steal.

      - Caught a purse-snatcher! The SOB chased after a woman on a cell phone; she fought back and held onto her purse. The guy ran away, but I gave the video to the police, who eventually tracked the guy down.

      - Stopped a guy from stealing my neighbor's tire (I glanced at the monitor and saw someone removing a tire ... I chased him away. He left his wrench behind)

      - Saved me innumerable trips to the front door, to deal with Jehovah's Witnesses, salespeople, and other such annoyances.
  • I tried to do this (using a Nikon Coolpix 4500 and gphoto). One thing I noticed is that there would be a long pause, and occasionally "usb bus resetting" messages, before the camera took a picture. This pause can be longer that 30 seconds and made it useless in my opinion, given how I wanted to trigger it.

    However, I noticed that the same camera would also pause as long as 10 seconds when triggered manually from the button. I will have to go through the menus and see if there is something I can do to fix that.

    Specifically, for USB controlled consumer type cameras, is there one that works well and reliably from gphoto ?
  • But not phony ones (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Animats ( 122034 ) on Sunday April 27, 2008 @11:54PM (#23219722) Homepage

    deterrence is the first line of home security (thus big signs saying protected by xyz alarm company etc.)

    But not phony ones.

    Last year, I saw water running down a driveway into the street, and walked up to the house to check it out. Water was leaking out of the garage. Nobody was home, but they had signs for an alarm company. So I called the alarm company, and after much checking at their end, they insisted that they'd never had a system at that address. Looking around, I found a window sticker for a different alarm company. They didn't know of the house either. There was even one of those cheezy "Protected by Electronic Alarm System" stickers you can buy at Radio Shack.

    Finally I called the "Police non-emergency" number and left a message.

  • by evanbd ( 210358 ) on Sunday April 27, 2008 @11:59PM (#23219770)

    Exactly. I sat on a grand jury a couple years ago and heard numerous burglary indictments. Most of the cases the police clearly weren't terribly interested until the perp happened to hit a place with good surveillance, and then they usually knew who it was immediately and the case went very quickly.

    The county I'm in does grand juries a little oddly -- they have two standing grand juries for all felony indictments (investigatory grand juries are different). You serve one day a month for a year (one jury meets at the start of the month, the other in the middle), and you hear a couple dozen cases each day. So I saw plenty of burglary cases, and the ones that actually came to us tended to have either video surveillance or an ID from a pawn shop. There were some stupid crook stories too (hint: if you're stealing a car, with boat attached, remember to hook up the trailer lights), but mostly the indictments came from video footage accompanied by a comment from the officer that they thought the perp was responsible for several other area breakins but couldn't prove it.

  • Re:IQeye (Score:2, Interesting)

    by debatem1 ( 1087307 ) on Monday April 28, 2008 @12:11AM (#23219836)
    I live in a pretty bad area of town, so, for my part I agree with you: screw the cameras and buy a Remington- but the question seems more concerned about gathering evidence, and frankly, video tape and self defense don't seem to mix well in the US of A. So my only advice would be this: get a gun XOR a camera, but expect to go to jail if you use them both.
  • Re:Axis 207MW (Score:3, Interesting)

    by ozmanjusri ( 601766 ) <aussie_bob@hotmail . c om> on Monday April 28, 2008 @12:32AM (#23219990) Journal
    an Axis 207MW [axis.com], up to 1280x1024 at 12 fps.

    I have one of those too. Axis cameras are good for the price. I also use Linksys WVC200s, which are good pan/tilt/zoom cameras for around AU$350. A real cheapie is XNET's NTC101W Wireless IPCamera for around AU$200. The XNETs are low quality, but good for motion detection, which is then used to trigger the Axis.

    I mainly use Motion [lavrsen.dk] on the software side, along with a couple of shell scripts. At the moment, it's all custom stuff, and my personal setup runs on a MythTV/Samba fileserving box. I've been looking at putting it all together in a live CD distro if I get time.

    Not counting the Linux box, which is doing multiple duty, I put together a pretty good home security package for less than AU$1500, most of which was the Axis (at AU$600).

  • by kklein ( 900361 ) on Monday April 28, 2008 @12:45AM (#23220070)

    I have a friend whose father trains guard/attack dogs. They have a gigantic German Shepherd on the farm that is their "show dog."

    Goddamn I hate that dog.

    You drive up for a BBQ, everyone's inside, and he doesn't know you because you've only been there twice in 5 years. Damn dog charges, snarling, and backs you back into your car. What do you do? You're invited to someone's house, and they have the equivalent of a killbot outside, that makes his own decisions on who is friend and who is foe.

    I am very much pro-gun, but attack dogs scare and piss me off. They run on auto-pilot, unlike firearms. A gun sitting in a corner won't hurt anyone. An attack dog might.

    So you get back in your car and start honking. The dad comes out, calls the dog off and goes, "Sorry, did he scare you?"

    "When he charged me, snarling, with his back up? When he herded me back into my car? Yeah, that scared me." I actually refuse to go there anymore unless they tell me the dog is going to be in the house when I arrive. They think that's a lot to ask, and it is, but I refuse to be put in a survival situation by my friend's damn dog.

    Of course, once I've been given the okay by the dad, the dog is just a big sweet dog. I love dogs and usually make friends with them instantly. An attack/guard dog is different. He's trained to hate everyone until told otherwise.

    Don't get a guard dog.

  • Re:IQeye (Score:4, Interesting)

    by bendodge ( 998616 ) <bendodge AT bsgprogrammers DOT com> on Monday April 28, 2008 @12:45AM (#23220078) Homepage Journal
    Lighting isn't that hard; get a B&W CCD camera and use a lot of infrared LEDs. Invisible to the naked eye, but they work fine for many video cams.

    Also, using a still cam with custom housing and a motion sensor is a pretty good idea. But when it comes down to the nitty gritty, a firearm is your best bet. ;)
  • by Sparr0 ( 451780 ) <sparr0@gmail.com> on Monday April 28, 2008 @01:17AM (#23220234) Homepage Journal
    A cheap Canon Powershot digital camera, plus the CHDK firmware replacement* to get motion activation, plus a SD wifi card to capture the pics directly to your securely hidden PC. You'll want to take it apart and remove the IR filter, there are guides on how to do that for various models. Best cheap solution I can think of.

    * - technically it's a binary that runs on top of the existing firmware. so sue me.
  • Deadly force (Score:3, Interesting)

    by SystemFault ( 876435 ) on Monday April 28, 2008 @01:24AM (#23220268)
    Get a medium sized bottle of some well known brand of vodka. Carefully remove the cap, pour out a fourth of so of the contents and replace with good old poisonous rubbing alcohol. Reattach the cap so that the bottle looks like it had never been opened. Place the adulterated vodka so that a burglar will certainly include it in his haul. Ensure that no one in your household will accidentally imbibe.

    A similar scheme could use attractive snacks and different poisons; but again, make sure that no innocent person becomes a victim.

    It won't stop the burglar immediately, but it will stop him before he can victimize yet again.
  • Re:IQeye (Score:3, Interesting)

    by arivanov ( 12034 ) on Monday April 28, 2008 @02:10AM (#23220456) Homepage
    After that you need 200£ on vandalproof housing for it.

    A good security camera can take pictures quietly, unobtrusively, without any extra light and send them somewhere else.

    I recently looked at the same problem and this is what I ended up with:

    1. I have played with the low-end Axis and IMO the older model used to be useless. It did not have sensitivity under low lighting conditions. Same is the case for most other webcams. Using them unless you have security lighting triggered by a different sensor is pointless.

    2. There is not that much difference between CMOS and CCD any more. Many CMOS cameras are as good as CCD.

    3. There are plenty of sub-120$ (60£) kits on the market that are waterproof, have 10m+ cabling as standard. A proper capture card is around 30£ per channel. The overall result ends up being way cheaper than going IP for the cameras.

  • Re:IQeye (Score:2, Interesting)

    by mea_culpa ( 145339 ) on Monday April 28, 2008 @02:36AM (#23220576)
    I've done something similar using a wifi SD memory card that automatically uploads the pictures to your PC or favorite photo sharing site, like flickr, etc.

    The Eye-Fi [www.eye.fi] is a novel idea but getting a camera to stay on long enough has been a challenge, most have power save features that only let you select a minute or two. I suppose a way around this would be to wire something to press a button every 30 secs to keep it awake.
    Being on a limited budget I purchased a $80 7MP Camera from Walmart and found that it had the option to stay on. Opened it up, soldered wires for power (3VDC) and two for the shutter control. A cheap PIR motion detector with a relay will close the connection and snap a picture. Bought a $15 mini tripod and removed the legs and mounted it to the ceiling. Everytime motion is detected the camera snaps a pic and the Eye-Fi transfers a high resolution jpeg to the PC via Wifi.

    For the most part it works really good, other than the camera was too cheap to do wide angle, and had no focus control, so the images are blurry. Cameras that enclose the SD card in a metal chassis will present a challenge for range.
    I think enough tinkering with other cameras will do the trick. When I called Eye-Fi tech support they never heard of anyone using their product for security and couldn't recommend a cheap, but good camera that will have the 'stay on' feature.

  • by threaded ( 89367 ) on Monday April 28, 2008 @03:03AM (#23220740) Homepage
    A way to get the intruders attention is to build the camera into a clock and place it in the window.

    They always look at what time it is and you get a full face closeup too.

    I used to build these camera in clock things years ago, but now you can get them really cheap from china. The camera doesn't need to be such a high resolution as 'chummy' always comes up real close to see what time it is.
  • by mothy808 ( 1280414 ) on Monday April 28, 2008 @05:14AM (#23221238)
    I use the following setup at home to keep tabs on whether the landlord is *dropping in* ...

    The camera I use is a Logitech QuickCam Pro 9000. Good resolution (up to HD when configured correctly), auto light adjustment, easily available and resonably priced. I then use the Logitech "Motion Detection" gadget (free download from Logitech's site) to take care of the video capture. The gadget is configured to save the videos to a password protected directory within my Apache web server. To finish it all off I use a dynamic DNS service to ensure that I can always access my web server, regardless of my current IP address (my ISP uses DHCP so this is a good solution without needing a static IP).

    Disclaimer: I do NOT work for Logitech.
  • by jacksonj04 ( 800021 ) <nick@nickjackson.me> on Monday April 28, 2008 @08:12AM (#23222076) Homepage
    "Beware of the dog" is a bad sign to have, it's an admission on your part that the dog is dangerous and may attack an intruder (Even if your dog is absolutely docile). This may cause problems if your dog so much as barks at an intruder ("It was barking and foaming at me, I thought it was going to kill me!") since you've already said it may be violent.

    Just a picture of the dog and "I live here" isn't any suggestion your dog is violent, but should have the same effect.
  • Re:IQeye (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Ihlosi ( 895663 ) on Monday April 28, 2008 @09:24AM (#23222930)
    Germany has no guns,

    I wouldn't be so sure of that. There's about 10 million registered ones, and police estimates that there are about 20 million unregistered, illegal ones (not necessarily owned by people who would use them to commit other crimes, there's enough crazed "collectors" out there).

  • by Big_Breaker ( 190457 ) on Monday April 28, 2008 @09:27AM (#23222972)
    He is probably from the US. It helps to understand that the US has many areas that are not dense enough to support a significant police presence. The police will take twenty minutes to mount a response. Historically the majority of the country was this way.

    Because of this the US has a tradition of firearm ownership for protection of the "homestead" that is respected and maintained even as larger areas are urbanized and existing urban areas become more violent. Honestly, the police in many areas probably expect you to fend for yourself for those first twenty minutes. They get involved after the fact if at all. In high crime areas, a burglary like this will not receive any significant attention.

    Europe and the UK are just not set up this way. They have a history of feudal governments that actively disarmed the population, much higher population densities and a post-war inclination towards pacifism. Different strokes for different folks. A common deterent in the US is a sign on the lawn or door that reads, "Protected by Smith and Wesson", a firearms maker, if you don't know.
  • Re:IQeye (Score:2, Interesting)

    by richardellisjr ( 584919 ) on Monday April 28, 2008 @04:08PM (#23228980)
    Haven't read the account in a while so I may be a little off. It was basically a shoot out over my infant grandfather. My great grand parents were seperated and somehow my great grandfather got custody. My great grandmother and her brothers came forced him into the car at which time someone alerted my great great grandfather who came running with his gun. There was a fight over one of the guns in the car and my great grandfather got shot. Great great grandfather got to the car and managed to shoot the driver (I believe) and the car crashed. One of the brothers was dead, great grandfather was dead and great grandmother was shot in the chest (from the fight over the gun). The interesting thing is that my great grandmother was acquitted of the murder because my great grandfather "shot himself during the fight". But the point of the post was to point out that movies didn't start the using a gun for defense idea. As for killings at the hands of gun owners your correct, however my great grand mother obviously intended him harm (the six guns they found in the car is a good indication) and I think someone whose that intent on murder is going to let the let the lack of a gun stop them. In fact if my great grandfather had a gun with him I doubt my great grand mother and her brothers would have been as willing to attack him. The most moronic part of the whole incident is that though DNS testing we've discovered that my grand father wasn't even my great grandfather's son. So he got shot trying to keep a son that wasn't even his. It's better to be judged by 12 than carried by 6.

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