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Data Storage IT

Basics of RAID 242

Doggie Fizzle writes "RAID has been common in business environments for ages, and is now becoming more viable and popular for personal computers. This article focuses on the the basics of RAID, and spells things out for beginners or tech veterans. From the article: 'The benefits of RAID over a single drive system far outweigh the extra consideration required during installation. Losing data once due to hard drive failure may be all that is required to convince anyone that RAID is right for them, but why wait until that happens.'"
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Basics of RAID

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  • by Manip ( 656104 ) on Friday July 22, 2005 @07:43PM (#13140718)
    Depending on the your budget here in the UK you can get an 80Gb HDD for around £35, so split over some time you should be able to afford two (or an extra one if you already have one). This is a good enough reason for anyone to try RAID.

    I myself currently have it setup to mirror my data across two 80Gb drives... Four months ago one of the hard disks died (funny buzzing sound, no access) but the manufacturers three year warranty was still valid, so I returned the drive to them for a free replacement. I received the replacement drive and shoved it in, mirrored the data back onto this new second drive and continued as before. If I hadn't have had this setup that data could have been permanently list. It also saves me from writing ten DVDs to store that much.
  • by L-Train8 ( 70991 ) <Matthew_Hawk.hotmail@com> on Friday July 22, 2005 @07:47PM (#13140745) Homepage Journal
    With RAID, you still have a single point of failure. Instead of it being your hard drive, it is now your RAID controller. So what is the advantage?

    Since a RAID controller doesn't have moving parts, is it less likely than a hard drive to fail?
  • For those who have run out of internal space in their boxes, and who don't have external SATA or expensive hardware boxes, you can run RAID over Firewire.

    The problem, however, is that out of the box Windows refuses to "promote" an external disk to dynamic, which is required on all post-NT4 rigs for RAID.

    The solution is to add a semi-documented Registry flag, EnableDynamicConversionFor1394 [google.com].

    HOW TO: Convert an IEEE 1394 Disk Drive to a Dynamic Disk Drive in Windows XP [microsoft.com]

    Couple that with a cheap 4-bay firewire JBOD box and any spare old enclosures and you are set!

    I run 2TB in various RAID configs on my Windows server (main and near-line storage). Have done so since 2002. No problems with the external boxes. The support for external firewire RAID is a little gnarly in Windows 2000 - volume must be mounted as a named virtual directory and cannot be mounted as a letter drive. Later Windows give you both options.

  • by Soulfarmer ( 607565 ) * on Friday July 22, 2005 @08:21PM (#13140959) Homepage Journal
    I had my system hard drive fail fatally on me, emails and so forth, only some random backups elsewhere. Right then and there I decided that no more will a hdd failure steal my stuff from me and bought 4x120gb drives (size/price ratio at time was optimum) and a Promise controller. Now I got ca. 240gb RAID 01 setup, mirroring gives reduncancy and striping keeps the array at least as fast as those drives used separately.

    One hdd did fail on that array, and I just replaced it with warranty replacement hdd. No hassle, just carefree usage.

    The piece of mind is worth LOT more than those extra drives. I DO NOT like the menial job of building the OS from zero to working state, just because of a hardware failure, WHEN I can just as well avoid it.

    Proability of a failure greater than zero (0) is not zero. And I like it to be zero.
  • Re:Give me RAID 5 (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Nik13 ( 837926 ) on Friday July 22, 2005 @09:56PM (#13141461) Homepage
    In the last while we've seen just about everything get incorporated on motherboards: USB2, Firewire, multichannel digital audio, GB Ethernet and everything else. I'm hoping RAID5 will be part of the next features to be added to most boards too. There's really not much else I'd want besides that.

    There's always software RAID5 too. It would sound like it's slower, but I'm not 100% sure about that (less cpu load for hw raid is pretty much a given though). The other consideration is what happens in a controler failure situation. It might actually be easier to get the software RAID5 to work in a different computer (hw raid will need a new and identical controller to get to the data, which may take a while to get-if it's still available).
  • by vlad_petric ( 94134 ) on Friday July 22, 2005 @10:09PM (#13141517) Homepage
    RAID makes a lot of sense in a server scenario, where uptime is crucial, and where the cost of hardware is smaller than the business lost by downtime.

    As far as desktops are concerned - well, RAID and cheap just don't mix. For instance, if you just want reliability, RAID 1 is enogh (2 drives). If you want reliability + fast writes, you need RAID 1+0, which means 4 drives (RAID 5 only gives faster reads). Furthermore, a good controller is crucial (from my experience, these generally cost upwards of 100$).

    Finally, RAID does not subsume in any way a good backup system. I've seen cases where a damaged controller broke both harddrives in a RAID 1. However, for (most) desktop PCs, a good backup system does subsume RAID, since it's generally easy to just use a different computer, and get all the files from the backup.

    For me, the excellent piece of software backuppc [sf.net] running on a cheap box (~300$) has worked like a charm. This might not look cheaper than RAID, but considering that I'm using just one box to back up 10 other machines, it's pretty good.

  • by tomstdenis ( 446163 ) <tomstdenis AT gmail DOT com> on Friday July 22, 2005 @10:10PM (#13141522) Homepage
    um ... do raid in software and be done with. That way the point of failure is either the kernel [roll back, quick fix] or the device [rush off and buy a new one].

    RAID-1 is a simple way to get a "reliable" store.

    Note that copying data to RAID [any of them] is *NOT* a backup solution. It's a "temp fix" for storing data.

    I use my RAID-1 [two 200GB disks I bought for 130$ each] as a simple "place to dump nightlies" which I then backup to CDR weekly. I do rely on the redundancy of RAID-1 in case I trash my CVS or home dir but my longterm backup strategy includes the weekly CDRs as well.

    Some tips for good "short term backuping"

    1. Use RAID-1 not RAID-0

    2. Use a good file system like reiserFS that's fairly immune to the side effects of being turned off in a hurry [ntfs and ext2 are not]

    3. Don't use the raid drive as a home or other frequently accessed directory. Do your backups from a well tested cronjob. The less you play with your raid drive the less likely you are to delete/mess with the files on it.

    4. Do backup the files from the raid to a medium like tape or CD/DVD on a regular basis.

    5. If one drive should fail, do a backup before you restore the raid. That way if you mess up restoring the raid you don't lose data [particularly beginners do this]

    Tom
  • by the_rajah ( 749499 ) * on Friday July 22, 2005 @10:21PM (#13141561) Homepage
    No, it's not "Real-Time" but it suits our needs in our home office situation.

    I use "Smart Synch" software to incrementally copy the desired directories from the working computers to a "Backup server", an older Celeron machine on the network. Separate partitions are set up for each computer that is being backed up. At Midnight the incremental backups are made.

    Then at 2:00 a.m., Smart Synch running on the backup server makes another backup to a USB hard drive plugged into it. That USB HD is on a regular plug-in timer so that it only runs during the time of night when a backup to it is being done. The idea there is that the running time is limited and drive life is extended. Weekly, a backup DVD is burned and stored off site. Am I being anal? Maybe.
  • by sczimme ( 603413 ) on Friday July 22, 2005 @10:24PM (#13141570)

    Ultimately, what it comes down to is that mirroring merely makes the hardware more reliable, it is not a backup technique.

    It can be part of this nutritious breakfast^W^W backup technique:

    0) shut down the box

    1) swap a fresh/new/wiped drive for one of the mirrored drives

    2) rebuild the RAID

    3) store the just-pulled drive appropriately (e.g. off-site) along with a second identical RAID controller

    Now if the machine goes completely belly-up (as in a fire) the user can install the secondary RAID controller and the data-laden drive in a fresh machine, add another fresh/new/wiped drive, and rebuild the RAID in the new machine. This may not be terribly convenient nor perfect for everyone but it will be effective.

    Remember, kids: just because a particular technique doesn't perform a task all by itself (in this case RAID 1 != backup) that doesn't mean it can't be part of a larger picture.
  • by Diag ( 711760 ) on Friday July 22, 2005 @10:56PM (#13141723)
    If that RAID array is the only place you are storing all those home movies, I highly recommend you take a backup to some other kind of media. As other people have said, the RAID controller is a single point of failure. If you lose that, you lose the lot. And there's no guarantee that another controller will be able to rebuild it. Sad but true.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday July 23, 2005 @12:47AM (#13142235)
    The OS is supposed to use flush or ordering commands to make sure the drive knows when the order of writes must be preserved. Of course some IDE drives ignore these...

    Also, OSes only understand numeric block ordering, which doesn't always help with understanding which blocks are actually close together (think multiple disk platters). The drive can know where the disk heads and blocks actually are. Also, request queuing means drives can have the next few requests on board, instead of waiting for the next one to be delivered when the current one finishes.
  • by SeventyBang ( 858415 ) on Saturday July 23, 2005 @11:06AM (#13143968)


    The mystery becomes clearer. Hover your mouse over Doggie Fizzle's name above and see what resources Doggie is affiliated with. Then look at the uri of the "story".

    See any connections?

    (unfortunately, temojen didn't)

    Curiosity question: When did /. begin running an eyeballs++ service for those who want to increase the traffic to their web sites by submitting stories about their web sites?

    If it is an organized program, can someone get me the pricing for it?


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