Server Power Consumption Doubled Over Past 5 years 148
Watt's up writes "A new study shows an alarming increase in server power consumption over the past five years. In the US, servers (including cooling equipment) consumes 1.2% of all the electricity in 2005, up from 0.6% in 2000. The trend is similar worldwide. 'If current trends continue, server electricity usage will jump 40 percent by 2010, driven in part by the rise of cheap blade servers, which increase overall power use faster than larger ones. Virtualization and consolidation of servers will work against this trend, though, and it's difficult to predict what will happen as data centers increasingly standardize on power-efficient chips." We also had a recent discussion of power consumption in consumer PCs that you might find interesting.
Inconvenient Truth (Score:5, Funny)
Blasphemy! (Score:3, Funny)
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That's because (Score:2)
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Is that a lot of wattage or a lot of kilowattage?
Server consumption doubles? (Score:3, Insightful)
Nitpicking, I know...
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I wanted to add, I'm sure that means the number has more than doubled; I'm sure power consumption has grown, so if the percentage doubled, that needs to be multiplied by whatever factor energy consumption OVERALL has increased.
I got too excited about my nitpicking to post my actual though.
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Solution (Score:4, Interesting)
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I think what it would take is for UPS manufacturers to standardize a set of voltages (12, 5, 3.3 perhaps) and a plug so that it would be very easy to replace standard power supplies wi
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So switch to Redback gear. It can all be powered by telco-standard 48VDC supplies. B-)
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A bunch of our cisco gear has a plug for backup power, and we had some DEC equipment years back that did, but they were different plugs and different voltages. If it were standardized, life would be good.
So switch to Redback gear. It can all be powered by telco-standard 48VDC supplies. B-)
Cisco and most (all?) of the other high-performance router/swtich manufacturers have -48V DC power supplies for their equipment. Some of their equipment has only a -48V DC power option, no AC option.
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So how do you get 12 volt, 5 volt, 3.3 volt, and 1.5 volt DC from that?
48 VDC (Score:2)
Re:Solution (Score:4, Interesting)
High-efficiency switching regulators on the blades. (They're actually getting so good that you have less heat loss by putting a local switcher near a power-hungry chip than by bringing its high current in at its low voltages through the PC-board power planes.)
Getting the raw AC->DC conversion out of the way outside the air-conditioned environment saves you a bunch of heat load, as does distributing at a relatively high voltage (such as "relay-rack" standard 48VDC) to reduce I-squared-R losses. And switchers are more efficient with higher raw DC supplies, so going to 48V (about the highest you can while avoiding touch-it-and-die shock hazard - which is why Bell standardized on it) is much better than 12 or 24.
Re:Solution (Score:4, Informative)
That's not what the Google paper said. It proposed that power supplies should output only 12V and motherboards should contain many DC-DC converters to generate voltages needed by chips. As chip fabrication technology changes, newer chips need lower voltages to operate optimally (not to mention that lower voltage = lower power); since different chips in a computer are made with different technologies, they need different voltages ranging from 1.8V down to 1.0V.
Re:Solution (Score:4, Interesting)
Why do servers have AC to DC power supplies at all? I don't know about you, but I have my servers on UPSes. So the whole thing goes AC from wall to DC in the UPS to the batteries then from DC to AC to the computer where it converts it back to DC.
I'm not an EE, but why cant AC come from the wall into the UPS and then the UPS spits out DC to the computer?
Granted the UPS power supply needs to be redundant because they are the 2nd most likely thing to fail in servers after disks, but what am I missing here? I know there are telco grade computers that take DC, but these are not available in many options and are typically lower end boxes. But to me, none of these additional conversions to AC and DC an back again with the added likelihood of a failure anywhere in the chain seems a bit non-optimal.
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I don't know about original installation, but I don't recall that Disney has a single licensed electrician of the folks that perform maintenance on the system that drives their monorail system in Florida. That's a 600 VDC setup, and some of the rectifiers can provide upwards of 6000 amps IIRC.
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And, let's not forget that copper is so expensive that morons are electrocuting themselves trying to steal live lines.
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While individual systems may vary, I've noticed that the older the facility where I was working, the more likely they were to have DC power - since the facilities were "telco" before they were "telecom", and most telco stuff is DC. Even in newer datacenters, it's only the small outfits that haven't had DC, most of the larger ones have had DC available.
Re:Solution (Score:5, Insightful)
Get a grip on reality.
Even if you switch to 48V DC, you still have to convert 120 VAC to 48 V DC, then down to 12/5/3.3/1.x volts for motors and logic, so all you're doing is moving the conversion from a decentralized setup (a power supply in each computer) to a centralized one (a single large power supply). In the end, however, you still have to get from 120 down to around 1 volt for the CPU, and you're not going to suddenly make an order-of-magnitude change in the efficiency of that - or even near a doubling.
To keep it in perspective, though, there are vastly overshadowing losses which make the small differences in centralized/decentralized conversion efficiency moot. Your 120 VAC leg is probably coming from a 440 VAC lead coming into the building, and going through a very large transformer to get 120 VAC - and the 440 VAC that comes in is coming from a much higher voltage that was converted down at least once (and perhaps more) after being transmitted very long distances. The losses in all of that are much, much higher than the losses in conversion that you mention.
Sure, if you could generate and transmit a nice, smooth, regulated 48V DC from the power station to your computer, that would be great - but that's so unfeasable that you might as well wish for a pink unicorn while you're at it.
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I wouldn't put it past Google if they haven't considered making their own power generation facilities already.
Actually doing it on the other hand is another question in itself.
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Do you *really* think Google's electric bill goes into the billions of dollars?
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Sure, I can put some solar panels up with a huge charge controll
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As you explained, that would be silly. What would NOT be silly is 400V DC or perhaps 15kV DC for a large data center.
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It is significantly more efficient to transform DC than AC at relatively low voltages. That is the whole point. Power supplies today have to smooth the output because of the fluctuating nature of the AC input, and they also have to do Power Factor Correction on the input. DC-to-DC ha
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What is horrible about 400V DC? If that's too dangerous, go with 240V DC instead.
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Why do you keep believing that DC wastes energy when transported? DC is a tiny bit MORE efficient to transport at the same voltage, since there is no skin effect. So use the same voltages as you did before with AC.
Fing Amazing (Score:2)
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Telecommunications equipment
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Part of the problem is that the power factor correction that often needs to be added to the AC to DC rectification stage itself has losses associated with it but simult
The servers are actually doing something (Score:3, Informative)
Sun's David Douglas, VP Eco Responsibility, estimates that the cost of running computers (power use) will exceed the cost of buying computers in about 5 years: http://www.ase.org/uploaded_files/geed_2007/dougl
--
Get abundant, get solar. http://mdsolar.blogspot.com/2007/01/slashdot-user
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>> cost of running computers (power use) will exceed the cost of
>> buying computers in about 5 years
i think if you're running linux/intel it's already the case.
maybe the cost of sun's hardware is so high that the problem is still 5 years out for them.
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Moore's law (Score:5, Insightful)
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"Alarming" increase in "alarming" statistics (Score:5, Insightful)
1. More computers are classed as "servers." I'd bet that before many of the workgroup and corporate IT computers and mainframes weren't classed as "servers." It's the trend toward hosted services, web farms, ASPs, etc. that is moving more computers from dispersed offices to concentrated server farms.
2. More of the economy runs on servers - this would be like issuing a report during the industrial revolution that power consumption by factories increased at an "alarming" rate. Moreover, I'd wager that a good chunk of that server power is paid for by exporting internet and IT-related services.
3. Electricity is only a small fraction of U.S. energy consumption. Most of the energy (about 2/3) goes into transportation (of atoms, not bits).
It's only natural and proper that server power consumption should rise with the increasing use of the internet in global commerce. This report should be cause for celebration, not cause for alarm. (but then celebration does sell news, does it.)
Re:"Alarming" increase in "alarming" statistics (Score:5, Insightful)
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It's also safe to say th
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Computers are powerhogs (Score:2)
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Performance per watt is a biggie for chip manufactures. Having a less than 10 watt server chip is possible, but who wants to use a Palm Pilot for a transaction server?
Having the performance to handle a slashdotting is what is needed in many servers. Performance is first, power consumption is second. That is why the performance per watt i
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I'll grant that C2D is faster than Opteron, but Opteron is hardly "obsolete".
Also, Woodcrest isn't obsolete at all - it's the server version of Core 2 Duo (Conroe).
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All the time this power increase has been happening, chips have been getting more efficient (in terms of power per operation). However, they're also doing a lot more work. 6 years ago a typical new computer was something like a 700-1000 MHz Pentium III (except for the Celeron cheapies) with 128-256 MB of RAM. The computer I built myself this last Christmas is 2.1 GHz dual core with a Gig (for now) of RAM. That's 4-6 times the clock cycles (at 64 bits, nonetheless) and 4
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Not always. One can look at chips like the VIA EPIA and AMD Geode to see strides in that area. For instance, the project I'm working on right now uses PCEngines WRAP boards, based on the AMD Geode SC1100, which is basically a low-power 266 MHz 80486. Complete with 128 megabytes of RAM, a couple of gigabytes of CompactFlash storage, and a 802.11g mini-PCI car
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Of course if you talk about the average home _globally_, then it's probably totally different. It'll be eating, cooking food and boiling water..
cheap blade servers... (Score:2, Informative)
Rubbish. One of the biggest myths in server sales today is that blades consume more power. If you fill racks full of them they consume more power per square metre of floor space, not per server. If you need the same number of servers they should consume less power, largely due to the centralised AC/DC conversion.
HP especially are working to make blades some of the most efficient servers on the market.
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This is because there's just so much cooling and power the data center can provide per square metre of floor space.
So if less dense solutions are cheaper/performance you might as well use them instead of blades.
I guess data centers will be upgrading their power and cooling, but it may be cheaper to build more data centers than to make them more dense.
Calibrate your BS detectors.. (Score:4, Insightful)
Just pointing that out.
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Except that current trends have continued for 30 years in the case of Moore's law.
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In 5 years, server power has gone from 0.6% to 1.2% of the US' total energy usage.
Is it a linear growth or a quadratic growth? (With two data points, I can say whatever I want, of course).
So we can either expect server power usage to be either 1.8% of total energy usage (linear). Or, we can expect it to be 2.4% of our power usage (quadratic growth).
Neither of these numbers seem like 40% to me. Of course, back in '99 we were all talking about how w
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BUT
One of its assumptions basically implies that people can't live together without fighting (death rate proportional to number of interactions), so it might not be the best world to live in.
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And in the year 2020 we will have over-run ourselves.
Already happened in 1990, if you recall.
Who in their right mind trusts ANYTHING the UN says or supports, let alone uses it on /.?
I, for one. Do you have some reason to believe they are incorrect here?
There are no initiatives anywhere but China regarding population control, and they easily work around theirs.
As mentioned in another reply to your post, economic growth is an excellent form of population control. And virtually everyone has e
Did you know disco record sales were up 300%? (Score:3, Interesting)
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And how much energy did those computers save? (Score:4, Interesting)
So, computers are using more power than 5 years ago? Who cares? If it bothers you, then get off the grid and fun in your cave.
Don't you see the looming crisis? (Score:3, Funny)
There's your problem, right there. You are thinking on such a short time scale. If you look back 100 years, the amount of electricity being used by computers is INFINITELY more than before. In no time at all, COMPUTERS WILL USE ALL THE ELECTRICITY IN THE UNIVERSE.
Clearly this is a problem. Think about it - those electrical cords have two wires. Electricity comes in one side, swirls around your computer for a bit, heating things up and showing you devil imag
Forced Change (Score:2)
I'm not a physicist but isn't heat the problem? (Score:2)
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But Other Efficiencies Are Gained (Score:3, Informative)
While it may seem disturbing that computers are consuming a larger percentage of energy usage, one has to realize they probably more than offset their own energy use -- this by allowing other resources to either be used more efficiently or by enabling other economic activity that discovers and distributes resources, energy among them.
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Rail is more efficient than automobiles, but was still replaced by rail. The problem with your statement (which does apply HERE) is that often political concerns trump practical ones. We take a step forward, we take a step back. (We take a step forward, we
We darkened the sky... (Score:2)
Then we'll all have that inconvenient blue/red pill choice thingy.
Bullshit (Score:3, Insightful)
Yea as computing has gotten cheaper and people are using more of it, but thats because the relative cost of powering them have remained cheap. Don't expect the trend to continue once it becomes expensive compared to other things.
No! Really! (Score:2)
Well, that makes sense. As ISPs services return lower and lower margins, more ISPs will turn to setting up grow rooms where the heat and power consumption is hidden by that of the servers. You need a lot of hi-wattage lights for that kind of operation. They probably would have gone into meth (as it uses less space for the same dollar volume), bu
Quite believable (Score:2)
I can attest to this personally.
I have several white-box servers in a co-lo that together with a good stiff tailwind draw about 4 amps total.
I also have several Dell 1950 and 2950 servers in a data center for my day job. Each one by itself draws about 3 amps (dual supply, 1.5 amps per supply, surging to 3 amps when one of the supplies is turned off for whatever reason). Granted, there are many more fans in the Dell servers than in my whitebox servers, but I have more storage in my whitebox servers.
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Dell servers load balance incoming power over both PSUs, which is why power consumption spikes when you pull the power on one.
Did you measure power factor on your white-box servers? If they don't have power factor correction (preferably active PFC), they likely show
Trends (Score:5, Funny)
Ok, so power use doubled... (Score:4, Interesting)
Most data centres already maxed out (Score:2)
The story everywhere is that servers are getting more efficient, smaller, and more dense. This means that data centres all over Europe are at their capacity for supplying electricity and cooling, with lots of empty space they can't rent out. Even the newer centres designed a few years ago are having problems. I hear the same thing a
SGI's were wicked, power wise. (Score:2)
This was some years ago so things are probably different now, but at the time this was a big selling point. Same computing power, lower electrical bill.
In similarly misleading news: (Score:2)
How about output? (Score:2)
And say one-third of that is for spam filtering (Score:2, Informative)
overcapacity, spam, botnets (Score:3, Interesting)
Tendancy to over spec hardware requirements? (Score:2)
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I wonder if anyone has bothered to do a study of server power consumption per teraflop or web page served? In the same time frame, how much has the number of servers increased and how many transactions per second do each server perform?
Unlike cars which have decreased gas consumption per vehicle on average of only about 20% while carying the same number of passangers per ve
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You fucking moron..."One is LED to believe"...unless you are made of a very heavy element.
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If you use water to cool electricity-based computing, wouldn't it make sense to use electricity to cool water-based computing? Where's your head, man?!
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Wikipedia says you won the lotto and you're sending us all your money, too.