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Intel Releases 4004 Microprocessor Schematics

Posted by kdawson on Wed Nov 15, 2006 12:30 AM
from the 2,300-transistors-and-nothin'-on dept.
mcpublic writes, "Intel is celebrating the 35th anniversary of the Intel 4004, their very first microprocessor, by releasing the chip's schematics, maskworks, and users manual. This historic revelation was championed by Tim McNerney, who designed the Intel Museum's newest interactive exhibit. Opening on November 15th, the exhibit will feature a fully functional, 130x scale replica of the 4004 microprocessor running the very first software written for the 4004. To create a giant Busicom 141-PF calculator for the museum, 'digital archaeologists' first had to reverse-engineer the 4004 schematics and the Busicom software. Their re-drawn and verified schematics plus an animated 4004 simulator written in Java are available at the team's unofficial 4004 web site. Digital copies of the original Intel engineering documents are available by request from the Intel Corporate Archives. Intel first announced their 2,300-transistor 'micro-programmable computer on a chip' in Electronic News on November 15, 1971, proclaiming 'a new era of integrated electronics.' Who would have guessed how right they would prove to be?"
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story

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[+] Historians Recreate Source Code of First 4004 Application 159 comments
mcpublic writes "The team of 'digital archaeologists' who developed the technology behind the Intel Museum's 4004 microprocessor exhibit have done it again. 36 years after Intel introduced their first microprocessor on November 15, 1971, these computer historians have turned the spotlight on the first application software ever written for a general-purpose microprocessor: the Busicom 141-PF calculator. At the team's web site you can download and play with an authentic calculator simulator that sports a cool animated flowchart. Want to find out how Busicom's Masatoshi Shima compressed an entire four-function, printing calculator into only 1,024 bytes of ROM? Check out the newly recreated assembly language "source code," extensively analyzed, documented, and commented by the team's newest member: Hungary's Lajos Kintli. 'He is an amazing reverse-engineer,' recounts team leader Tim McNerney, 'We understood the disassembled calculator code well enough to simulate it, but Lajos really turned it into "source code" of the highest standards.'"
[+] Origins of the Modern PC 99 comments
Homncruse writes "ComputerWorld dispels myths about the history of modern day computers — or, more appropriately, the invention of the first microprocessor. Contrary to popular belief, 'the [Intel] 8008 was not actually derived from the 4004 — they were separate projects.' In fact, the 8008 concept didn't originate from Intel (though they were eventually granted IP rights.) The article goes on to explain the events leading up to the invention and first intended use of the 8008 (a predecessor to the 8086, etc.), and how Intel was initially uneasy about the venture."
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  • Heh (Score:3, Funny)

    by Mitchell Mebane (594797) on Wednesday November 15 2006, @12:32AM (#16848446) Homepage Journal
    At first, I thought this was about Intel's new quad-core processors. How wrong I was. :P

    Wouldn't it be cool, though, if Intel did name the quad-core chips the 4004 series?
  • by msobkow (48369) on Wednesday November 15 2006, @12:34AM (#16848462) Journal
    I can't say I miss the days of the nibble and CPUs measured in kilohertz.
  • Zzzz (Score:4, Funny)

    by KNicolson (147698) on Wednesday November 15 2006, @12:35AM (#16848464) Homepage
    Get back to me once you've ported Linux to it.

    And imagine OGG supporting a Beowolf cluster of them in Soviet Russia.
    • Re:Zzzz (Score:5, Funny)

      by Scarletdown (886459) on Wednesday November 15 2006, @12:38AM (#16848488)
      Get back to me once you've ported Linux to it.

      And imagine OGG supporting a Beowolf cluster of them in Soviet Russia.


      Well, Belgium! You had to go and use up most of the old standbys yourself. But you missed at least one...

      I, for one, welcome our 4 bit overlords.

  • Fast-forward (Score:3, Insightful)

    by jmv (93421) on Wednesday November 15 2006, @12:39AM (#16848500) Homepage
    Who would have guessed how right they would prove to be?

    Who would have guessed chips produced 35 years later, would still inherit the brain-damaged ISA of the 4004. (OK, so the ISA probably didn't look too bad when it was for the 4004)
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      Actually, they're not the same. The 4004 has 46 instructions [pldos.pl]. The 8086 [wikipedia.org] has quite a bit more instructions and pretty much started us all on the x86 ISA, which weren't binary compatible with programs written for Intel's earlier processors.
      • Re:Fast-forward (Score:5, Interesting)

        by jmv (93421) on Wednesday November 15 2006, @01:08AM (#16848684) Homepage
        While not binary compatible, the 8086 [wikipedia.org] was a 16-bit improvement of the 8-bit 8080 [wikipedia.org], which was compatible with the 8008 [wikipedia.org], which AFAIK wasn't too far from the 4-bit 4040 [wikipedia.org] and the 4004 [wikipedia.org]... and that's why the space shuttle's boosters are sized according to a horse's rear end [astrodigital.org] and a 64-bit quad core CPU architecture that is influenced by the first 4-bit microcontroller.
          • Re:Railroad gauges (Score:5, Informative)

            by Cadallin (863437) on Wednesday November 15 2006, @05:04AM (#16849654)
            I really rather disagree with their conclusion. Although it was not "inevitable" the fact of the matter is that the rail road gauge that became dominant in the USA and Europe CAN be traced to the one adapted for rail use from carriages designed to fit on roads built to a standard specified originally by the Roman Legions based on the width of the asses of two standard war horses. That this is merely coincidental doesn't make it any less true, or less telling about the nature of beaurocracy and resistance to change. And the fact of the matter is that the standard does continue to affect rail shipping to this day, as it most definately determines what an oversize rail car or load is. Whether or not this actually had a direct impact on the Space Shuttle's SSRB's is less clear, although certainly they had to be designed so that they could be shipped from the factory to Cape Canaveral.

            The thrust of the point to me, is the very point that nobody sat around and actually considered what might be a good rail gauge to adopt for shipping lines, they just went ahead with a horribly odd standard that was already in existence.

            • Re:Railroad gauges (Score:4, Informative)

              by johnw (3725) on Wednesday November 15 2006, @05:15AM (#16849734)
              The thrust of the point to me, is the very point that nobody sat around and actually considered what might be a good rail gauge to adopt for shipping lines

              One man did. Isambard Kingdom Brunel did exactly that. He sat down and thought about what gauge to make his railway (The Great Western) and came up with 7 feet as a much more sensible value. He was entirely correct, but unfortunately his version was abandoned simply because far more people had used the existing default.

              John
  • 4004 tic tac toe (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Salvance (1014001) * on Wednesday November 15 2006, @12:40AM (#16848502) Homepage Journal
    The 4004 tic tac toe hardware from their unofficial site looks wicked ... http://mywebpages.comcast.net/jsweinrich/ [comcast.net]. I never thought I'd be drooling over electronic tic tac toe!
  • 640k (Score:3, Funny)

    by Aehgts (972561) on Wednesday November 15 2006, @12:44AM (#16848522) Homepage Journal
    Ah, back in the good old days when 640K _was_ enough for anyone...
  • by frakir (760204) <ockhamrazor@[ ]oo.com ['yah' in gap]> on Wednesday November 15 2006, @12:56AM (#16848606)
    pasted from http://www.cpu-world.com/CPUs/4004/index.html [slashdot.org]> :

    The first microprocessor in history, Intel 4004 was a 4-bit CPU designed for usage in calculators, or, as we say now, designed for "embedded applications". Clocked at 740 KHz, the 4004 executed up to 92,000 single word instructions per second, could access 4 KB of program memory and 640 bytes of RAM. Although the Intel 4004 was perfect fit for calculators and similar applications it was not very suitable for microcomputer use due to its somewhat limited architecture. The 4004 lacked interrupt support, had only 3-level deep stack, and used complicated method of accessing the RAM. Some of these shortcomings were fixed in the 4004 successor - Intel 4040.
  • by Timesprout (579035) on Wednesday November 15 2006, @12:59AM (#16848620)
    wipe wipe
    "early gang bang porn, log it"
    wipe wipe
    "early vivid movie, looks like Jemma was young and need the money, log it"
    wipe wipe
    "some girl on girl stuff, log it" wipe wipe
    "holy crap I am taking this home"
  • Era of Intel's Ways (Score:3, Interesting)

    by Doc Ruby (173196) on Wednesday November 15 2006, @01:13AM (#16848714) Homepage Journal
    Intel patented the 4004, which they tried to use to enforce a patent on the "microprocessor" generally - though Gilbert Hyatt [thocp.net] eventually won it, 20 years later.

    Does Intel still have a working patent protecting the 4004? And doesn't that patent include the schematics? What's the point of patenting an invention if other inventors can't tell whether they're reinventing what you've protected from "infringement"?
    • by gadzook33 (740455) on Wednesday November 15 2006, @12:53AM (#16848578)
      No, no, it's fine. You just need to cross compile with ARCH=4004; OPTIMIZE_FOR_CPU=4004; STRIP_EVERYTHING_EXCEPT_RESET_INCLUDING_THE_KERNEL =true.
      • by mode13 (1023713) on Wednesday November 15 2006, @03:26AM (#16849284)
        I can see it now:

        From forums.gentoo.org / Architectures & Platforms / Gentoo on 4004 ...

        Yea, I just did a stage 1 install, it took 12865 hours but the binaries are TOTALLY optimized!

      • Re:how about minix ? (Score:5, Informative)

        by TheRaven64 (641858) on Wednesday November 15 2006, @01:19AM (#16848742) Homepage Journal
        It couldn't run Minix, and it would be quite hard to port Minix to it. It already runs on 8086 CPUs, so it doesn't need an MMU (or an FPU). Originally it came with 40-bytes of RAM, which is certainly not enough for Minix. It supports 12-bit addressing though, so you can address 4K-words. Unfortunately, the word size is 4-bits, so that means you can only address 2KB of RAM, which is definitely not enough for Minix. For reference, Bash is about 284 times bigger than the entire address space of the 4004. If you tied it with a custom MMU chip, you could possibly extend this to 4096 segments of 4096 words, giving you 8MB of total address space. This would be enough for Minix, but you'd need to do a lot of paging, which would slow down the performance of the 4004 chip a lot. It would probably boot in under a week...