Burned CDs Last 5 years Max -- Use Tape? 664
Lam1969 writes "Computerworld has interviewed Kurt Gerecke, an IBM storage expert and physicist who claims burned CDs only have a two to five-year lifespan, depending on the quality of the CD. From the article: "The problem is material degradation. Optical discs commonly used for burning, such as CD-R and CD-RW, have a recording surface consisting of a layer of dye that can be modified by heat to store data. The degradation process can result in the data 'shifting' on the surface and thus becoming unreadable to the laser beam." Gerecke recommends magnetic tapes to store pictures, videos and songs."
I guess it depends on how you treat them (Score:3, Informative)
Re:I guess it depends on how you treat them (Score:2, Interesting)
Jaysyn
Re:I guess it depends on how you treat them (Score:2, Funny)
Re:I guess it depends on how you treat them (Score:5, Informative)
In -RW media, the write layer is a metallic layer that isn't "burned" but merely heated differentially to create regions of either more-crystalline or more-amorphous metal when cooled; these regions have different refractive characteristics, and can thus be distinguished by laser. This is why it's rewritable - the melting>glassy / melting>crystalline process is reversible.
http://www.usbyte.com/common/Re-writable_CD.htm [usbyte.com]
So, to blather on only a little bit longer (too late?), to respond to the immediate contention in this subthread, the reflective layer is in NO case the very same layer as the data is written to. But, in practice, the top coating containing the reflective layer on any -R medium is so bloody thin as to make no difference. If it becomes separated from the surface of the disc, you're hosed. If you want to see how thin this layer is, stick a CD-R in a microwave for a few seconds, till it flashes, and observe the resulting flakes.
Back to the bigger question, the paragraph in this crappy article that says "The problem is material degradation. Optical discs commonly used for burning, such as CD-R and CD-RW, have a recording surface consisting of a layer of dye that can be modified by heat to store data. The degradation process can result in the data "shifting" on the surface and thus becoming unreadable to the laser beam" is needlessliy confusing things by including "CD-RW" in the statement - to conflate a REVERSIBLE phase-change/metal layer-writing process with a PERMANENT burn/dye layer write process is stupid and confusing to anyone who doesn't know better. Whose fault it was to include that, I dunno.
This still leaves the question open as to whether the sorta-stable phase-change alloy ages in substantially the same or else a very different way than the permanently altered -R ink/dye layer, and whether any such difference affects the useful lifespan. I've NEVER seen this specific question rigorously answered. I'd love to hear from anyone who has links or direct info.
Re:I guess it depends on how you treat them (Score:3, Informative)
Re:I guess it depends on how you treat them (Score:3, Interesting)
Re: (Score:3, Interesting)
Ziplock bags don't breathe,... (Score:3, Interesting)
CDs and DVDs stored in ziplock bags seem to last a long time.
Changes in atmosperic pressure cause other methods of storage to breathe. Eventually pollution enters. Ziplock bags don't breathe, they just expand and contract as the weather changes.
Re:Ziplock bags don't breathe,... (Score:5, Insightful)
This is a quote from the story: "His recommendation: a hard-drive disk with 7,200 revolutions per minute." That's a way to have secure storage?
That's a recommendation? It's quite obvious that the author of the referenced story, John Blau, has no technical knowledge.
Another quote: "Kurt Gerecke, a physicist and storage expert at IBM Deutschland GmbH, takes this view: If you want to avoid having to burn new CDs every few years, use magnetic tapes to store all your pictures, videos and songs for a lifetime."
I suppose that article was written by a public relations person and was published because someone was paid. Magnetic tapes are NOT reliable, in my experience.
Re:Ziplock bags don't breathe,... (Score:3, Informative)
Re:I guess it depends on how you treat them (Score:3, Interesting)
This was not a scientific test but it did give me more confidence in the media.
If you say so... (Score:5, Funny)
Anyone know where I can download an MP3 jukebox for my Vic 20?
Re:If you say so... (Score:4, Funny)
Re:If you say so... (Score:5, Interesting)
Anyone know where I can download an MP3 jukebox for my Vic 20?
No, but there was a program listed in Zzap! 64 once that let you play audio tapes using your Commodore 64. Type in the program, press play on tape, turn your TV's volume up, and listen to something with slightly more signal than noise.
Conflicts with other studies (Score:5, Interesting)
Re:Conflicts with other studies (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Conflicts with other studies (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Conflicts with other studies (Score:5, Funny)
Umm, the tape backup consortium?
5 years max? (Score:5, Interesting)
Depends how you define lifetime (Score:5, Interesting)
Most serious photographers I know re-burn their archives every one or two years.
Re:Depends how you define lifetime (Score:3, Interesting)
Is there any software that allows you to check on the status of the dye layer? It would be good to know before hand that you're using nearly all the
Re:Depends how you define lifetime (Score:3, Interesting)
Yes. At least for DVDs. But you have to have a drive that supports it. Plextor burners typically come with software that can report error rates. Then there is KProbe [cdrlabs.com] for some other drives, read the docs for the details.
As a rule of thumb, when purchasing blank media, prefer "made
Re:5 years max? (Score:3, Informative)
I've had CDs that were about 5 years old that went bad. They went from the burner to a CD book, and maybe 2 to 5 out of about 100 were bad. I didn't investigate, or maybe even screwed up the burn (win2k), and I used good media, mostly Mitsui.
I believe the tape recommendation to be absurd. If CDs are in the though process, there must not be too much data here. Especially in th
Re:5 years max? (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:5 years max? (Score:4, Insightful)
If your goal is to preserve data, and there is a 10% chance that exposure to moderate heat will render the media useless, it's time to pick another media.
Re:5 years max? (Score:5, Interesting)
Re:5 years max? (Score:3, Informative)
I bet that a consumer-grade CD burned last year on a consumer-grade drive purchased last year would not last as long.
Re:5 years max? (Score:3, Interesting)
Re:5 years max? (Score:2)
What does the drive have to do with anything?
It's the discs that corrode.
Re:5 years max? (Score:3, Funny)
A good drive burns clear thru the media making the distinction between a one and zero very clear.
Re:5 years max? (Score:3, Informative)
In other words, if six years from now, something you burned with your 'crap' drive isn't working, it's either cos the dis was of poor quality, or because the drive didn't burn the disc properly - in which case, it wouldn't have worked six minutes after you burned it.
Re:5 years max? (Score:3, Funny)
Re:5 years max? (Score:2)
Re:5 years max? (Score:3, Informative)
There have been CD burners available since the late 1980s [roxio.com]
CD-Rs with a 100 year warranty (Score:5, Interesting)
Your porn will be around for decades after all!!
Re:CD-Rs with a 100 year warranty (Score:4, Insightful)
Re:CD-Rs with a 100 year warranty (Score:3, Informative)
The gold is there to replace the aluminum because gold won't oxidize. Kodak used to make similar archival quality discs, I still have a few spindles of them.
Or my money back? (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:CD-Rs with a 100 year warranty (Score:3, Informative)
Re:CD-Rs with a 100 year warranty (Score:3, Interesting)
I can attest to that... (Score:5, Informative)
Re:I can attest to that... (Score:5, Interesting)
I switched both burners and media and now have no problems. However, I still do a 100% verify, and don't totally trust DVD-R. For stuff I *really* want backed up, I put a PAR2 set on the disc, and I burn both DVD and at least one CD copy for offsite.
BTW I found that some really crappy DVD-ROM drives will read almost anything. All of those hundreds of bad discs that I have? I bought a shitty CompUSA DVD-ROM drive for $35, and it will read them all, even though NO other drive I own will read them (I tried Sony, 2 NEC, 1 Pioneer and 1 Lite-On DVD-R drives, plus Teac, Pioneer DVD-ROM drives). I have NO reasonable theory why this is, but the damn thing just reads anything. I'm glad of it too. I discovered this when I realized that my shitty $40 mintek set-top DVD player would play the discs and "better" players choked, so I decided to try a crappy DVD-ROM drive. So I can now make new copies of the messed-up discs.
Re:I can attest to that... (Score:3)
I have the same experience:
- Virtually no problems with CDs. I copied around 10 old CDs back to harddisk, one read error due to a scrached surface.
- all my DVD-Rs from 2003 are bad. I can read perhaps 50% of the files.
- Unlike the parent, I have no experience with newer DVD writers.
Re:I can attest to that... (Score:5, Interesting)
The only permanent solution (Score:2, Funny)
I've known about this for years...that's why I store all my important data exclusively on punch cards. Nothing will degrade my precious bales and bales of punch cards! My data will outlast the Apocalypse!
See, look at all these wonderful punched cards....they'll last fore...waitaminit...where did all these silverfish come from???
NNOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Re:The only permanent solution (Score:4, Funny)
Nothing lasts forever (Score:5, Informative)
I was also told that to lengthen a CDs shelf life, always store them vertically in a cool dry place, and clean them from the inside ring to the outer edge in a straight line.
I found an article from the Optical Storage Technology Association and they say it depends on the initial CD quality and handling.
According to this article, unrecorded CDRs last about 5-10 years, manufacturers claim recorded CDRs 50-200 years and recorded CDRWs 20-100 years.
More info: http://www.osta.org/technology/cdqa13.htm [osta.org]
Re:Nothing lasts forever (Score:5, Insightful)
Not mine (Score:2)
Long term digital storage... (Score:2)
My understanding is that magnetic systems like tape and HD slowly de-magnify over a long enough period. Is there any other digital storage mechanism that doesn't degrade in optimal storage conditions over long enough time frames (ie 100 years plus)?
I have no idea if I'll ever have anything worth keeping for that long, but I'd like to be able to do it if the need arises. And there's always pr0n backups to think of.
Dutch Study? (Score:3, Informative)
OK
http://www.cdfreaks.com/news/7751 [cdfreaks.com] This link includes a link to the original Dutch article
To quote:
"The tests showed that a number of CD-Rs had become completely unreadable while others could only be read back partially. Data that was recorded 20 months ago had become unreadable. These included discs of well known and lesser known manufacturers."
This doesn't pass the giggle test (Score:2)
Some things that degrade CDs (Score:5, Funny)
Use intelligent distributed databases (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Use intelligent distributed databases (Score:3, Interesting)
No , they don't. Not unless they really want it.
> The P2P network automatically polls for chunks and ensure redundancy by
> pushing rare pieces to clients.
Like UseNet?
> Some sort of bittorrent expect it's rather a bitpool.
Good one! You realize that Bram was working on just such a distributed file store before he decided it was a rat-hole and quit? Then a bit later he wrote BitTorrent.
Magtape, huh? (Score:2)
Because, as anyone who's ever dealt with a cassette tape or a floppy disk knows, magnetic media never goes bad...
-JDF
And of course IBM isn't biased in this matter... (Score:2)
Photography's loss (Score:4, Insightful)
The reasons for this:
1. depressingly high failure rate of hard disks
2. lack of long term storage media
3. obsolete formats
As for tape, DLTtape (invented for the venerable VAX) is supposed to be able to last 25 years in good condition. How many people buy DLTtape drives? They aren't cheap and the tapes are not cheap. They are about the only thing with the capacity to store all your photos and video on one cartridge.
Digital photos and video seem like great things (and are: I'd hate to have to edit my videos the old fashioned way) but there is a sting in the tail that most people won't expect. If I want to look at a photograph my Dad took in 1972, I just pull it out the draw and look at it. No maintenance has had to be done on that photograph - it's just been stored in a cool, dry, dark place.
Digital data on the other hand needs periodic maintenance. If a format you've used becomes obsolete, you have to go through and update your entire library. You have to periodically back it up. You have to periodically cut it to media like CD. How much family history have people lost already due to dead hard disks, and not realising the need to continuously back up and format shift? Even if a DLTtape cartridge is still intact and readable in 75 years time, will there be anything to read it? Will JPEG decoders come with everyone's device to view photos?
Re:Photography's loss (Score:5, Insightful)
I find hard discs insanely more reliable than they used to be. I was building PCs in the 80's and I experienced the wonder of buying a full 20-count box of Seagate hard discs, and have EVERY DAMN ONE OF THEM FAIL IN 3 MONTHS.
I currently have 8 Maxtors and Hitachis of between 160 and 250 GB spinning in 3 machines at home. Most are > 2 years old. No problems. My older 40 and 80 GB machines have been given to friends to use in their older machines. They haven't had any failures either. I can't remember the last time I had a hard drive fail.
If your case is such that your hard drives are hot to the touch, don't blame the drive for failing. I think that's what causes most of the failures.
Re:Photography's loss (Score:3, Insightful)
I'll play it right back to you, How much family history was lost because only grandmama had the only copy of the pictures and there wasn't any way to easily copy them? Do you have "a" family photo a
Re:Photography's loss (Score:3, Interesting)
And I will disagree. Worrying about jpeg disappearing is no different than saying "don't waste your time writing in English, it'll go obsolete and humankind won't understand it anyways." There are billions of jpegs out there, and unlike human language, they are documented unambiguously and in source code. And JPEG is used globally, unlike risky region-specific
Re:Photography's loss (Score:3, Funny)
LOL
Get outside of your technology world for a few minutes and look at the HUGE boom in a multi-million dollar trend called "scrap-booking."
Old and incorrect news (Score:3, Interesting)
I got my first CD-RW drive when it was a $700 2x model well over ten years ago. The first things I burned were a bootleg Tragically Hip CD and a few rented Playstation games. I still play that Hip CD and recently I dugg out my Playstation collection to use with the epsxe emulator and they all still work great, though I can't remember which of my burned games were copied when.
I have had a few CDs and DVDs go bad, but they've always been really cheap media. Even cheap CD-Rs have been ok, but I have noticed that cheap DVD-Rs can be very poor quality and sometimes the data won't last through the night. These are usually identifiable because at least half the time the data will be corrupt straight out of the burner. You don't have to spend a lot to get good media, just don't get the cheapest media you can find.
Lifespan of data? Sub it out anyway. (Score:2)
For data I really NEED for more than 6 months, I find off-site archival the best solution. First, that's their job. Second, they're cheap and they expand my data storage size as needed. Third, they're insured.
If someone tells me they "need" to save something forever, I point them
It really does depend on CD quality (Score:2)
The more recent CD-R are worse (Score:2, Insightful)
http://www.tradealyst.com/ [tradealyst.com]
Buy OEM (Score:3, Interesting)
Go right to the asian source, buy from a reputable importer. I use supermediastore.com, and I buy nothing but Taiyo Yuiden media.
The place where I work has a high-speed multispindle CD-R duplication station, and goes through CD-Rs by the thousands per month. I asked a while ago and they have tried everything, and now use NOTHING but Taiyo Yuiden media also. If they have a failure, we have to ship a replacement over
burn speed (Score:2)
New business opportunity? (Score:2)
People continue to buy music, take pictures, capture videos, buy music etc.. but less and less of it comes on a physical support.
People tend to "rat pack" everything on their computers. The problem is computers are inherently unsecure and reliable. Even top geeks tend to forget to back up their material.
Today we learn that indeed a DVD-R or CD-R is no good.
I have already started uploadin
I have CD's that are 10 years old (Score:2)
after 5 years (Score:5, Insightful)
Attempting to read them with a DVD drive failed many discs.
But reading with a CD drive I was able to read all of them (after some cleaning) except two (most files were readable) that were scratched.
It seem there is some difference between DVD and CD drives.
Most CDs were burned with 2-8x speed, I almost never use >16x today.
Ugh (Score:2)
Tapes, yes, but... (Score:3, Funny)
Just keep archiving to bigger media (Score:2, Insightful)
I used to backup to CDROM. Now I back up to DVD. I'm sure something else will come out in the future.
Instead of tape why not drives for long term? (Score:5, Insightful)
You can pick up OEM 250GB hard drives for around $100. Toss in a $50 USB case or a SATA case and you're looking at $1.67 a GB storage. Plus you're not limited to 4.5GB file size.
Sure drives fail but you won't be spinning them that often. I'm begining to think it may be worth it for the long term. Then use the USB drive or SATA as needed and if need be burn a disk.
Re:Instead of tape why not drives for long term? (Score:3, Interesting)
Will the lubricant in the bearings go sticky if the drive is on a shelf and never spun up? Someone out there must have direct knowledge.
The issue is that most (most complicated, powered) machines with moving parts need occasional mild exercise.
Re:Instead of tape why not drives for long term? (Score:4, Insightful)
Disk drive are cheap, fast, and relatively durable.
I work in the data archive field, and we don't see optical jukeboxes anymore. I think HP still makes one, but everyone else is out of that market. The preferred method is high-speed tape, but there's an entry cost for a low end changer (about $10,000) that makes it prohibitive for desktop users. second disks are a fantastic way to back up data, and you're seeing that even in the enterprise space. IT can't compete with tape in GB/$, or in some of the archival automation, but it's getting close.
The important thing with disk, just as it is with tape and with optical, is to make AT LEAST 2 backups, and to store them in a different place. I don't know how many data centers I've walked into where the tape library is sitting in the same rack as the raid, and they don't use the vaulting features. Yeah, you're protected against a disk failing, except if the failure is in a fire, or a flood.
If you care about your data, get a three drives, a safety deposite box, and a firebox.
Re:Instead of tape why not drives for long term? (Score:3, Insightful)
You can pick up OEM 250GB hard drives for around $100. Toss in a $50 USB case or a SATA case and you're looking at $1.67 a GB storage. Plus you're not limited to 4.5GB file size.
Fuji dvd-5 -r Prinables at newegg are $22 per 50 or 44cents each. That's under 10cents/gig for 235gigs. That's a factor of 16 difference. That's not a small number, that's a big number.
If talking DVD-9 8.5gigs well, tho
NIST Study (Score:4, Informative)
NIST Did a study that shows up to 30+ years of longevity that is totally dependant on handling and storage.
I Archive a lot on DVD/CD, not worried. (Score:3, Informative)
Stuff that is not replacable (my personal photos) I burn on two different disk types. I always use high quality disks. Using Fuji TY dvd R+ right now. I believe DVD R disks are a bit more rugged than CD R.
My car disks live in my car in Ottawa Canada. Brutal humid hot summers, I have a set of CD-r in a visor holder. Most of these disks have been in the car for 5 straight years. When I park a disk in my player it often stays for a week at a time. My CD player ejects disks so hot you don't want to touch them. Here I have a few skippers, but each one that skips is also skratched to pieces. Either way. 5 years of torture and most are still fine. I don't think any skip that are not scratched up.
I feel pretty secure about my well cared for indoor disks lasting ten years. Though I will start moving my CD-R backups to DVD.
In ten years, terrabyte storage should be common and cheap.
Re:Museum Archives (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Museum Archives (Score:2)
(my bits always work better with a little hiss...)
Re:Museum Archives (Score:2)
Re:Museum Archives (Score:5, Funny)
Re:Museum Archives (Score:3, Informative)
Holy shit. (Score:3, Funny)
SMALL TEXT NO GRAPHICS LOTS OF RANDOM PARENTHETICAL STATEMENTS USAGE OF FAKE WORDS OMFG I'M SO COOL
"stop. unchain. (chain reaction)"
I only have one thing to say about this. The last line. [bash.org]
Re:Museum Archives (Score:3, Funny)
Video Records, vinyl then, gold now (Score:3, Funny)
As you well know, audiophiles have historically complained about the poor quality of digital CD recordings for their compressed frequency response range, tendency to degrade over time, and fragile nature, compared to their vaunted vinyl LPs. Abstracting on this technology, we have revised our cherished RCA Selectavision Video Disc system to the new RCA Selectavision Gold Video Disc System! Now, you too can own movie gold!
Screw that - I'm going back to stone tablets (Score:5, Funny)
The article says to use magnetic tape because the CDs degrade.
So does tape. Unless you're the BOfH, in which case you have a tape safe. But you can't use that to store tapes - its not climate controlled, and you've got too many bodies hidden in it anyway ... but ever tried to read a 10-year-od tape on a new machine? I gave up - it was easier to connect to a serial port and just dump the whole database over the course of a week, its that bad. Then another day for updates. Todays USB and Firewire will be the next generation's serial ports.
So, use a hard drive?
Leave it sitting on a shelf too long and you get "stiction" - so that's no good either. And have you even TRIED to access a 10-year-old drive in todays machines? The bois tries to auto-config, and the machine won't boot.
Zip disks? Hahahah click of death hahahah (I've got several zip drives that are "unzipped")
Paper printouts? Well, those are good for a few decades, but not exactly portable ... anyone care to figure out how many acres of trees a hex dump of a 200-gig drive will take?
Nope, stone tablets - to hit anyone over the head with who thinks that there's any real long-term solution other than to just re-copy to the latest format and pray.
Just don't drop them! (Score:3, Funny)
This thread also strikes me as funny because I'm in the middle of archiving about 800 VHS tapes to DVD. Many are 15-20 years old, and I've been surprised at how well most of them still work. I wonder if the DVDs will last as long, but I figure it'll be easier to move the data off them since it won't have to be done in real time.
Besides, it's more of a space issue at this
Re:Just don't drop them! (Score:4, Informative)
1) Burn 2 copies, store them in physical separate locations.
2) Don't fill the discs to the brim. Only encode about 3.8-4.0GB of MPEG2. Fill the rest of the disc with PAR2 files stored in the VIDEO_TS folder (prefixed with the letter 'z' so they appear on the edges/end of the disc).
I render my DVDs to disc first, add the PAR2 data, then create the ISOs with ImgTool Classic before burning to disc. I make sure that my block size for PAR2 is a multiple of 2048 bytes (CD/DVD sector size).
Even if you can't copy individual files off of the disc, tools like ISO Buster or ddrescue (or dd-rescue) can read the disc back at the sector level. That lets you pull as much information as possible back off of the disc. Assuming you don't have more bad sectors then recovery data, QuickPar (or the open-source commandline tool) can chew on that extracted data and rebuild the files.
I did about 100 VHS tapes a year or two ago. I still have a bunch more to do in the coming year.
Re:Screw that - I'm going back to stone tablets (Score:5, Informative)
We'll assume that one can reliably retrieve data from a sheet of paper at 200 dpi.
At 200 Dpi, with reasonable page margins of 0.5" per side, you have 1500x2000 (2.86M) potential dots. Assume one bit per dot. That's approximately 0.36MB per page per side. Add one line of dots per side for alignment.
Since a page is evenly divisible by 5000 bytes, lets start there. 75 5000 byte blocks per page; each 5000 bytes will include:
64 bit address (8-bytes)
64 bit CRC (8-bytes)
Data (4984 bytes)
Additionally, since paper is (currently) a read-only media, we can preprocess the data using squashfs, thus assume that 4984 bytes is actually holding approximately 4k to 8k of data after compression and filesystem overhead.
(4k to 8k)*75==(300 to 600kB) per page, per side.
Thus, it would take roughly 175,000 pages, printed both sides, to equal a 200Gb hard drive. At 6ppm, which is pretty standard for a cheap laser printer, that would take 20 days to back up, not accounting for paper jams, toner or sleep.
Re:Screw that - I'm going back to stone tablets (Score:5, Funny)
So, the moral of the story- it'll take a ton of work, but it's worth a shot.
Re:OMG 30 Year Optical discs: (Score:3, Funny)
Great - so how am I supposed to even load those monstrosities into my thumbchip 'puter in 30 years? p Especially since all optical lasers will have been banned as potention "terr'rist weapons" under the laws passed by Emporer Bush the First in 2016?
Re:CD Presses (Score:4, Informative)
That's 4 times longer than the expected life of an aluminum reflective layer pressed CD.
Re:CD Presses (Score:3, Interesting)
I was thinking more along the lines of someone inventing, or streamlining the process to make it cheaper.
For instance. Currently we're using lasers to burn out reflective pits on metal
Re:CD Presses (Score:3, Interesting)
I was thinking about this recently. The problem is that you need a really higth power laser to create a medium that lasts. If the material is inert (the nearer that I can think about are gold and glass, preferably glass), the degradation time will decrease exponentialy with the laser power*. That is good, but even then, you'll need a very powerful laser.
Things can go better if you use some kind of revelation process, like films. Then you can create higth energy recordings with a low energy laser and a chem
Re:Backup media (Score:2)
Re:Burned CDs last 10+ years (Score:3, Insightful)
Re:Tapes degrade too (Score:2)