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Hobbyists Create GPLed DIY Super TV Antenna

Posted by ScuttleMonkey on Fri Mar 14, 2008 04:33 PM
from the what-open-source-can-do dept.
Freshly Exhumed writes "Retired and hobbyist antenna engineers working together in the Digital Home forums have taken an obscure 1950s UHF TV antenna called the Hoverman [PDF] and subjected the design to modern software-based computer modeling in hopes of optimizing its middling performance. The result: the new Gray-Hoverman antenna is more powerful than similar commercially manufactured consumer antennas in every category, sometimes by whopping amounts. Best thing yet: they've released the design, diagrams, and schematics under the GPLv3 so that we can roll our own! Quoth one of the testers, a former U.S. Government antenna engineer: 'Boy, this antenna is hot... This antenna is a vast, and I mean REALLY VAST improvement over anything I have used.' The home thread of the Gray-Hoverman development gives the background of their great work."
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  • I've been out of the amateur radio hobby for nearly a decade, but I seem to remember issues of the ARRL Handbook [amazon.com] dedicating plenty of space to antenna design. What is this guy's original achievement?
    • by Anonymous Coward on Friday March 14 2008, @04:52PM (#22755222)
      This is a specific variation of the Hoverman antenna. The first original achievement is the specific design, which would be enough justification for an article on its own. I'm not an expert on the history of antenna design so I can't vouch for that.

      The second and more important achievement is that the designers tried to verify the design of this antenna analytically using relatively new methods. The computational power needed to do this didn't emerge until after this kind of small antenna was no longer in vogue. As you probably know, about half of what hams say about antennas and interference is "black magic." The kind of hands-on techie who turns into a ham tends to be more like MacGuyver and less like Bertrand Russell.

      Why would the existence of antenna design as a discipline imply that no new designs are possible?
    • The traditional way to design antennas is pretty old and relies on some pretty straight forward theory that has been around for a long time. All you need for a computer is s slide rule.

      Modern model-based antenna design is a lot different and a lot more challenging. For example, building a 5-band antenna for a cell phone defies straight forward dipole etc design. People are increasingly doing very different stuff. For example, the guys over at http://www.physics.otago.ac.nz/ [otago.ac.nz] are using genetic algorithms link

    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      The ARRL Antenna Manual [arrl.org] is probably one of the longest-standing references for antenna and feedline theory.
  • by timeOday (582209) on Friday March 14 2008, @04:41PM (#22755130)
    Just a few years ago I thought broadcast TV and "rabbit ears" were pretty much gone forever. Now, broadcast TV is often the best quality high-def signal available. What makes broadcast relevant again is having the Internet to compliment it. With cable TV you get something like 120 channels, which is both too many to flip through, yet not enough to get whatever you want whenever you want it. I think a great combination in the future will be Broadcast TV for shows with huge audiences (like football and network news) plus Internet for pre-recorded stuff people want on demand.
    • by noidentity (188756) on Friday March 14 2008, @05:36PM (#22755546)

      What makes broadcast relevant again is having the Internet to compliment it.

      The Internet loves to compliment things. Why yesterday, it was complimenting me on how well I was using its bandwidth.

    • by darjen (879890) on Friday March 14 2008, @05:51PM (#22755620)
      Personally, I don't even bother paying for cable TV anymore. I have an early gen hdtv (at least 3 years old) that I use with a cheapo Radio Shack HD antenna. Gets me all the local HD channels. Before that I was paying an arm and a leg for HDTV from Time Warner. I also downgraded my internet to first tier, so now I pay only $15/month for that. Huge difference and great pictures. If I really want to watch something I can download it, but usually Netflix fills the gap for me. The time you speak of in the future is pretty much here for me.
      • See above, these guys know what they're talking about.
        But, (obligatory), if you don't trust them, you can always:

        1) Hit ctrl-alt-delete twice really fast and you'll unlock article-reply feature!
        2) Alter windows to allow article replies by deleting C:/Windows/System32/*.dll
        3) Your modem isn't fast enough. Open your computer, remove the modem, and lubricate it with vaseline to help reduce packet friction.
  • Bandwidth (Score:5, Informative)

    by russotto (537200) on Friday March 14 2008, @04:41PM (#22755140) Journal
    The main reason the original Hoverman died out was that the bandwidth was not enough to cover the UHF (Ch 14-83) spectrum. This new variant appears to mainly improve on it by shifting its limited bandwidth down. The difference nowadays is that with the 700 and 800 Mhz bands removed from the spectrum used for TV, the basic Hoverman design DOES have the bandwidth to cover it, at least starting next year for "in-core" channels in the US.
  • by SoupGuru (723634) on Friday March 14 2008, @04:41PM (#22755142)
    Maybe they should do some software-based computer modeling of their webserver...
    • Nah. Thats the normal /. Standing Wave coming into play.
      It sweeps all in its path like a Tsunami.
      Then after a period of total anihilation,
      things start recovering.

      Sounds Familiar eh?
  • I don't know what a "U.S. Government antenna engineer" is - but I want that job!
    • by jd (1658) <[moc.oohay] [ta] [kapimi]> on Friday March 14 2008, @05:03PM (#22755300) Homepage Journal
      For years, the aliens that land in Area 51 have had to make do with cheap, low-grade bobble antennae sticking out of their heads, which is very disconcerting when they run for Congress. The job of a Government antenna engineer is to design antenna that better blend in with the Congressmen's hairstyles, pointed ears, etc. This is why you don't see them any more.
  • on that topic... (Score:3, Interesting)

    by eobanb (823187) on Friday March 14 2008, @04:46PM (#22755176) Homepage
    I will be living in a new duplex soon in Bloomington, IN where I can receive the nearby PBS station, WTIU quite easily, but apart from that the nearest stations are all serving Indianapolis. That's around 50 miles away, so I am wondering if an antenna like this would make it possible to receive several more stations. Keep in mind that I need reception to be very good or excellent...we a matter of months away from the analogue switch-off now.

    I have seen various antennas capable of pulling stations from a good distance away, maybe 20 miles or more, but depending on weather and other factors they can come in pretty fuzzy. When NTSC's gone I want a solution that will work. Has anyone here played with antennas like these? I couldn't really find anything that gave the approximate range on the site.
    • Why not just download whatever you want to watch? Granted, I watch little television (usually just "Human Giant", "Lost" and "Prison Break"), but I can generally get a torrent for them from Mininova or The Pirate Bay. Maybe we should rejoice that with the Internet people are no longer slaves to the idiot box, and while we all want some mindless entertainment TV isn't worth going through too much effort for.
      • by Chris Pimlott (16212) on Friday March 14 2008, @07:41PM (#22756508)

        Why not just download whatever you want to watch? Granted, I watch little television (usually just "Human Giant", "Lost" and "Prison Break"), but I can generally get a torrent for them from Mininova or The Pirate Bay. Maybe we should rejoice that with the Internet people are no longer slaves to the idiot box, and while we all want some mindless entertainment TV isn't worth going through too much effort for.

        Why not just download whatever you want to watch?
        Well, one reason might be that it is technically illegal...
        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          Why not just download whatever you want to watch?

          Well, one reason might be that it is technically illegal...

          Well that is only partially true.

          The GPs comment of:

          ... but I can generally get a torrent for them from Mininova or The Pirate Bay

          IS an illegal method.

          On the other hand, considering how fast new programming show up on iTunes and AmazonUnbox (not mentioning Hulu yet, since it isn't "Download" per se), there ARE often legal ways to down movies and television programming.

          In the past when I've had my cab

      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        Having been in the ISP field I have seen too many DMCA notices to not say - watch out for torrents. You can still get served simply because your IP is of the torrents in use.

        With that said, I'd suggest a good usenet service - avoid giganews - and a usenet tracker like newzbin.com. You can even SSL usenet nowadays. Safer, easier, and pretty darn easy. Of course, this is /., so you should already know about the wonders of usenet...

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      The only good broadcast TV is on PBS anyway, don't worry about it.
  • For non DIYers (Score:3, Insightful)

    by fm6 (162816) on Friday March 14 2008, @04:54PM (#22755244) Homepage Journal
    The server is Slashdotted, so I can't find out what legal protection this new antenna has. I hope it has some protection against cheap knockoffs. Most people aren't going to want to build this themselves, and will want to buy a factory-made version.

    The Hoverman-Gray is described as "GPLed". If that's the only legal protection it has, then I predict a lot of cheap knockoffs that don't work very well. Some trademark protection (with free licenses for anybody who agrees to follow the spec) would be nice.
    • Even if someone does begin marketing these commercially, I don't see "cheap knock-offs" being a problem. It doesn't cost anything more to manufacture one of these with the correct dimensions (which is pretty much what determines its performance) than to make one with the wrong dimensions. The only thing that would likely make an antenna "cheap" in this sense is purely mechanical - inability to hold up in high winds, or to the sun's UV (I've seen some TV antennas with plastic components that were literally c
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        I'm no lawyer, and my understanding may be wrong. If it is, please tell me - I might be worried about nothing.

        Suppose the hypothetical AntennaCorp(TM), who have tons of design and manufacturing experience, choose to implement this design in a commercial product. They build good gear, not the cheapest but the quality is second-to-none and they've got some patented manufacturing processes and parts like the design of their baluns and mounting hardware.

        For obvious reasons, they want to protect their commercial
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      It seems like Creative Commons non-commercial license should have been used if protecting their design was their intent.

      As they aren't trying to sell the antenna, its plans or the knowledge, I don't know if trademarks would do any good. Even if trademarks are enforced, does it really matter? People see "TV antenna" on the box and that's all they need to know. Heck, I didn't know there were proper names for specific antenna shapes until I got interested in playing with WiFi antennas. The general public i
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        Read the post you're replying to, dude. I did notice that it was GPLed.

        GPL protects the plans. It doesn't stop me from selling old coathangers and calling them "Gray-Hoverman antennas." For that, you need trademark protection.
  • by frieza79 (947618) on Friday March 14 2008, @04:56PM (#22755254)
    Wow, this new concept of wireless TV might just take off!
  • by cloakable (885764) on Friday March 14 2008, @05:04PM (#22755314)
    ...but this is obviously impossible. Nobody creates something new, then gives it away for free, that's why we need copyrights.

    Or could that tired old argument just possibly be wrong?
  • Seriously, geeks will be geeks and find something to homebrew... But what's next? An open source buggy whip? A Franklin stove built using a Beowulf cluster of Commodore 64's to optimize the burning and thermodynamic characteristics?
        • by evilviper (135110) on Saturday March 15 2008, @02:11AM (#22758102) Journal

          Maybe you've noticed that over the air TV broadcasts are essentially coming to an end in a few years?

          Actually, I've noticed exactly the opposite.

          * Many more homes will be able to receive an OTA signal, that previously could not.
          * Digital broadcasts will offer perfect reception, eliminating much of the need for cable/sat.
          * OTA HDTV will offer the highest quality picture anyone can get.
          * OTA ATSC offers the potential for more TV channels than an expensive subscription service (50*6 = 300), in addition to other informational services.
          * Rising prices and horrendous support will push people away from cable/satellite.
          * Proprietary STBs and feet-dragging on CableCard will push even more people away from cable/sat.
          * DVR technology will eliminate the need for syndication, and there the business model for 90% of cable/satellite networks will fail.
          * The quality of original programming on cable/satellite networks has dropped SEVERELY, anyhow.
          * Pop-up ads on cable/sat networks (largely not found on broadcast) will push even more people away.

  • The article (Score:4, Informative)

    by davidwr (791652) on Friday March 14 2008, @05:29PM (#22755494) Homepage Journal
    Since it's heavily slashdotted, here is The Gray-Hoverman Antenna For UHF Television Reception [digitalhome.ca] as plain text

    Performance and Designs, Schematics, and Diagrams to follow as they become available.

    Gray-Hoverman Antenna | Performance | Designs, Schematics, And Diagrams | Join the Digital Forum Discussion

    The Gray-Hoverman Antenna For UHF Television Reception
    March 13, 2008

    This project is dedicated to Doyt R. Hoverman (b.1913), the man who created and did the early work on the Hoverman antenna at a time when antenna modeling programs did not exist. His work would have been entirely created and improved by field testing, trial and error, and with a great amount of calculation without the benefit of electronic devices. Without his efforts, our work would not have been. Doyt Hoverman passed away in December, 1989 at Van Wert, Ohio, USA.
    First, A Bit About The Original Hoverman Antenna
    Doyt R. Hoverman's original design for a television antenna was granted US patents #2918672 on 22 Dec 1959 and #3148371 on 8 Sept 1964, which expired in 1979 and 1984 respectively. To view them, click on this link and then simply enter the patent number mentioned above to retrieve each.

    In his patent applications, Hoverman describes two designs with 4 rod reflectors, full wavelength and co-linear half-wavelength reflectors, with the second design using the following specifications:

    * Driven array = 56" dual segments with 8 subsections of 7" (same as the first design)
    * Reflector spacing = 3.5"
    * Full Wavelength Reflectors:
    o Top and bottom = 29"
    o The two middle = 24"
    * Half Wavelength Co-Linear Reflectors
    o Top and bottom = 14"
    o The two middle = 10"

    The above dimensions are for reception of UHF channels ranging from 14 to 35, as claimed in the patent. He gives design equations for shifting the range, and suggests 35-58 and 58-83, although the range 58-83 is not applicable now as UHF TV channels in North America only go to 69, and after 2009 will only go to 51.

    The original Hoverman antenna design did not have a reflector and used a driven array of 56" segments with eight zig-zag 7" sub-elements. The original patent # 2918672 claimed UHF and VHF reception. The modeling results did not find any positive net gain for VHF Low channels 2-6 nor for VHF High channels 7-13.

    There is very little information available anywhere on the Hoverman antenna. The only reference to any commercially manufactured Hoverman antennas seems to be in the article (PDF) The Hoverman, VUD Sept 1982, which mentioned a 4 bay Hoverman made by AntennaCraft named the model G-1483 and which was also made for Radio Shack as the model 15-1627, seen in this photo courtesy of tvlurker:

    Radio Shack Hoverman

    Some of these commercially manufactured Hoverman variants used 7 pairs of collinear rod reflectors. Judging from the AntennaCraft and Radio Shack websites and many Internet searches those Hoverman models do not seem to be currently in manufacture, although it seems that old stock of the AntennaCraft Super-G 1483 is or was available from SummitSource.com.

    Recent Research On The Hoverman
    Canadian antenna buff Autofils, speculating in an online discussion of Build It Yourself Antennas on the Digital Home web site in early 2008 on the possibility of experimenting with the old Hoverman Antenna design, sought out old sparks, another Canadian antenna enthusiast, who used 4NEC2 computer antenna modelling software to model the original Hoverman design. His research showed that the Hoverman had p

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      What this is article is clearly missing is construction directions and a BoM to make replication of their design possible without a background in the field of antenna design/construction. While I'm sure that their design works well for them. I don't see it being very useful to the average garage tinkerer to have this GPL'd without any sort of assembly/construction guidance. For something as fiddly as an antenna things like materials, construction techniques, connector positioning and design can make somethi
      • Re:The article (Score:4, Insightful)

        by Bobartig (61456) on Friday March 14 2008, @06:25PM (#22755950) Homepage
        Yep. I was going to build to TONIGHT. I have to the tools, and I'm good with DIY projects and tinkering, but I don't know much about antennas. I don't know what metal to use for this, or how this connects to a piece of coax to plug into a tuner. It looks extremely simple, but some critical pieces are missing.
        • Re:The article (Score:4, Informative)

          by phil reed (626) on Friday March 14 2008, @07:37PM (#22756476) Homepage
          Pretty much any stiff metal rod or wire will work for the elements. Use whatever's handy. Any metallic screen material will work for the backplane; try window screen or chickenwire. You connect to the center points with 300 ohm twinlead TV wire, then use a standard antenna-to-coax converter (both available at RatShack).
        • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

          I did read the article AND I disagree with your assessment. It is not obvious that the material of the thing is unimportant, it cannot be determined weather the gauge or cross-sectional shape of the material used is of import. It doesn't specify whether soldering vs. crimping connection will have an impact on the performance nor whether the length of the lead from the connector will affect the signal received. I know that all these things matter as I have dabbled briefly in CB radio "tweaking and peaking" m
          • Re:The article (Score:5, Interesting)

            by Bruce Perens (3872) * <[moc.snerep] [ta] [ecurb]> on Saturday March 15 2008, @12:21AM (#22757814) Homepage Journal
            Soldering is nice because it gives you a more reliable connection. Loose connections blowing in the wind are going to cause visible problems. An unsoldered connection of oxidized wire can actually act as a diode and create interference problems.

            The models are obviously made with wire. You have some leeway on cross-section. Clothes-hangar wire might work :-) Solid copper somewhere between 12 and 18 gauge is easier to work and has the mechanical stiffness you will need.

            Regarding your CB tweaking, there are a few things that can make a big change, but it is very easy to decieve yourself, too. Stereo tweakers are notorious for that.

            Bruce

    • Re:UHF going away? (Score:4, Informative)

      by GiMP (10923) on Friday March 14 2008, @04:57PM (#22755262) Homepage
      They are auctioning off the frequencies used by 18 UTF channels, leaving 38. Most HDTV programming is delivered by UTF.
      • Re:UHF going away? (Score:5, Informative)

        by Megane (129182) on Friday March 14 2008, @06:51PM (#22756164)

        Actually it's 37 UHF channels, because channel 37 is reserved for radio astronomy. And 2-13 are still available, but 2-6 are not very good for ATSC. So that leaves 44-49 channels.

        However, unlike NTSC, ATSC tolerates broadcasting on adjacent channels (other than the gaps at 4-5, 6-7, and 13-14), and is more tolerant of distant stations on the same channel, so it uses the spectrum more efficiently. In the past, you could have no more than 35 channels in any given market, and now you can have at least 40.

        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          Oops, I forgot about the "UHF taboo" limitations of channels n+14 and n+15 (and sometimes n-7), due to the way UHF tuners usually do IF. Apparently those are still a problem with ATSC, but less so than with NTSC.
    • Re:Antennas rule (Score:5, Insightful)

      by zippthorne (748122) on Friday March 14 2008, @06:11PM (#22755832) Journal
      What's amusing, (and not in a funny-haha sense, but more in a funny-smell sense), is all the new antennas out there advertising that they're somehow "digital" antennas as if the mode affects antenna performance. I suppose they *could* be optimized for the smaller bandwidth somehow, but that's not how they're being advertised. It's not as if your 17 element beam on the roof is going to suddenly start working worse than an indoor loop-antenna.
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        The bandwidth isn't any smaller, it's still 6 MHz. What has changed is the improved resistance to interference. That allows more stations to fit in the same band, with less spectrum wasted on protecting stations from interference.
    • So, what about VHF? I realize the majority of DTV broadcasts are UHF, but a few are in the VHF range.

      Ugh, it's research time. As I understood it, all VHF is going away. There is some VHF DTV now so studios can get DTV stuff tested and ready for the transition. When the switch is flipped, the analog UHF stations will go away and the VHF DTV stations will move to UHF. Does anybody know for sure? Investing in VHF antenna stuff may be a waste of resources.

      Does anyone know the plan? Will there be any VHF D
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        There are a number of stations broadcasting in VHF DTV presently, and there will be quite a few more post-Feb09 transition. Several VHF stations will retake their VHF frequency for DTV. The biggest reason to go to VHF is that it needs substantially less power to cover a certain number of square miles.

        Very few stations, though, will be in the low-VHF ranges (channels 2-6). Ignition noise, lightning, etc, are big problems in low-VHF. Those frequencies covered a lot of ground for the watt, even with more i