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100x Faster Hard Drive In Lab

Posted by kdawson on Sat Jun 30, 2007 01:02 PM
from the lasers-and-gadolinium dept.
Gary lets us know about research out of the Netherlands that has succeeded in reading and writing a hard disk using polarized laser light. The researchers claim this offers a 100-times speedup over reading/writing using magnets. People have been trying for years to write data using polarized light; the secret of the current work's success lies in its disk's materials — gadolinium, iron, and cobalt. Working prototype drives should be available within a decade.
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  • Working prototype drives should be available within a decade.

    Spare me. I've been hearing about incredibly dense optical storage for thirty years now. I have yet to see it.
    • Re:A decade? (Score:5, Insightful)

      by janrinok (846318) on Saturday June 30 2007, @01:08PM (#19700641)
      Haven't you seen the developments in CDs and DVDs during that last 30 years? Everybody else has! A DVD is an incredible amount of storage when compared to the 5MB (yes MB!) hard drive or even my cassette tapes that I was using in the late 70s.
    • So... We had DVD 30 years back?
      I bet 70's punch card jockeys would have deemed DVD quite something.
    • Did you notice that they weren't promising greater storage density, just faster access speeds? This is do-able and still worthwhile.
    • Well, if you said 30 years ago you could have 50GB on a dual-layer Blu-Ray disk that'd be "incredibly dense". But magnetic media has been moving even faster than that, and now non-volatile RAM looks to be making great strides. Size is not a big issue as they already have 64GB 1.8" drives - which means many hundred GB in a 3.5" form factor, if only they can bring the price down. Speed issues can presumably be solved by internally RAID'ing together chips as the technology matures. Ten years down the line this
    • Spare me. I've been hearing about incredibly dense optical storage for thirty years now. I have yet to see it.

      I think the article is about magnetic storage.

      In laboratory experiments, they used laser light to write data to a magnetic hard drive at very high speeds.


      So, same drive, but a new way of writing/reading it.
    • > I've been hearing about incredibly dense optical storage for thirty years now. I have yet to see it.

      Why is this modded insightful? TFA refers neither to data density nor optical storage.
    • Working prototype drives should be available within a decade.

      Huge reliable solid state storage will have taken over by then. Samsung has 32GB SSDs now.
      ( http://www.samsung.com/PressCenter/PressRelease/Pr essRelease.asp?seq=20060523_0000257520 [samsung.com] )

      Latency is very low, and R/W throughput will increase along with capacity. optical / holographic storage is like ceramics, its always the "future."
    • of course, substituting moore's law (is there a similar for hard drives?) to hard drives, they'll be 128 times faster in a decade anyway.
        • Re:A decade? (Score:4, Interesting)

          by ASBands (1087159) on Saturday June 30 2007, @03:06PM (#19701319) Homepage

          1 TB Hard Drive [newegg.com]

          I'm sitting next to two computers right now, both running Ubuntu. One was purchased in 1996, the other's hard drives were purchased three years ago. The one from 1996 has a 16 GB hard drive, which, as I recall, was the biggest Gateway offered at the time. The other has four 320 GB drives on a RAID 5 (960 GB/894 GiB), which, as I recall, was the second largest behind the 500 GB drives at the time. 30 times larger in about 8 years.

          Perhaps you've heard of perpindicular recording [wikipedia.org], which started early last year. Pretty soon it's going to be impossible to get a hard drive that doesn't have this new technology. You can easily argue that the technology can't go anywhere after this, but it does offer a 10x storage density increase, and you know somebody will be cramming more data blocks on a platter soon enough.

          You see, the great thing about hard drives is that they're not critical to the operation of your computer. My Myth frontend has a 40 GB hard drive. The backend, located in a different room and accessed through the network, has 8 500 GB drives on a RAID 5. With the ever-increasing speed of networks, putting things somewhere else is getting easier every day. Sun has taken this idea to the next level with Project Blackbox [sun.com]. Another great thing is that if you need more space, it's fairly easy to just add another drive to your contraption - something you really can't do with processor speed or memory (to a certain point - 4 GB per stick is the highest I've seen).

          I see your point - we don't want a datacenter in the basement of every home, but we don't NEED a better system of information storage NOW. There are a lot of ideas out there; most will fall through, but we'll get one, eventually, and that one will make all the difference in the world.

          • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

            by Anonymous Coward

            Perhaps you've heard of perpindicular recording, which started early last year. Pretty soon it's going to be impossible to get a hard drive that doesn't have this new technology. You can easily argue that the technology can't go anywhere after this, but it does offer a 10x storage density increase, and you know somebody will be cramming more data blocks on a platter soon enough.

            Blasphemy. No mention of perpendicular recording is complete with out a link to this. [hitachigst.com]

          • What you're really admitting to is having a 4 x 320gb porno store
            • Personally, I've remained unimpressed by current technologies for "faster" drives. For example, look at these benchmarks [tomshardware.com] of Hitachi's 1 TB solution, compared with many other drives. The only significant difference between the 1 TB and the 15K raptor is the access latency time, which is half as much in the Raptor. However, just like in physical memory, latency doesn't seem to matter at all, as you can see in the benchmarks of file reading and writing, system bootup times and all the other benchm

        • Re:A decade? (Score:4, Interesting)

          by Xeriar (456730) on Saturday June 30 2007, @03:29PM (#19701469) Homepage
          Most of the PC-using population doesn't have much use for more processing power right now, but we can all use a bigger hard drive.

          You must be joking - in fact I was tempted to mod you funny instead of posting. Just about all of my customers, family and friends would love their computers to be even faster, but 80% of them aren't even using 20% of their drives. And not a one of the latter group has balked at the price of an external HD, to say nothing of DVD burning options.

          In the mean time, I would still like to play Oblivion faster, and one of the simulations I'm writing is hell on the processor. Data storage, on the other hand, is plentiful, though more RAM or some equivalent would indeed be nice.
  • by Dirtside (91468) on Saturday June 30 2007, @01:07PM (#19700629) Journal
    I think this story is a dupe from, like, 1993.

    Seriously, I can't think of an otherwise plausible tech that's been vaporware longer than light- or holography-based data storage. I know there have been working examples for years, and I think there's even a (really, really expensive, very specialized) production version or two, but come on! How hard can this be?
    • No, they are not looking at light- or holography-based storage. They are reading and writing a hard drive using laser. That's not bad from the same people that invented the CD (Phillips). I'm still searching Google to see if the same university provided research support to that earlier achievement. Your question is valid however, I don't know why the promised holographic storage has never been produced in large quantities other than it must be proving to be more difficult that either you or I think it s
    • by commodoresloat (172735) * on Saturday June 30 2007, @02:05PM (#19700979) Homepage

      Seriously, I can't think of an otherwise plausible tech that's been vaporware longer than light- or holography-based data storage.
      Duke Nukem Forever?
  • Hard Disk? (Score:2, Interesting)

    Hard Disks are old news...no one is going to be using them in 5 years, let alone 10...flash is so the way forward
    • Re:Hard Disk? (Score:4, Interesting)

      Actually in 10 years, flash will ALREADY be obsolete. It'll be replaced by phase-change RAM [wikipedia.org] or Nanotube memory [wikipedia.org].
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      > Hard Disks are old news...no one is going to be using them in 5 years, let alone 10...flash is so the way forward

      Probably not in the notebook/desktop consumer market, but I can imagine enterprise/research uses for magnetic HDDs where read/write times are less important and $/GB much more so.

      That said, if I'm right, laser-based magnetic storage being faster than current tech won't really matter for that kind of scenario.
    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      by Anonymous Coward
      Don't think so. Flash is pretty much at its max arial density that it will get, so if you want more bits on a flash chip, you will have to start having a larger physical size.

      Flash is also not a stable read/write medium... write the same sector a couple thousand times, and you won't have a sector anymore.
      • It will happen. The problem is that no one wants to read books on a computer screen. Enter E-ink. It has the best of both worlds.

        The problem is that the readers are now $700. When it gets to under $99-$199, it will take off. People, being as mobile as they are today, don't want libraries at home anymore that takes shelves upon shelves away. Plus it would be nice to be able to carry your library with you.
        • People, being as mobile as they are today, don't want libraries at home anymore that takes shelves upon shelves away.

          Um. False. There may be fewer people, but there remains sizable number who do, in fact, want libraries at home. Something about books, and having lots of them, is very appealing to some people. I don't know of any other form of entertainment where people develop the type of feeling they do when it comes to a book they've read a time or three -- the actual, physical book.
  • link... (Score:4, Informative)

    by cosmocain (1060326) on Saturday June 30 2007, @01:11PM (#19700655)
    ...to the original publication [stanciu.nl].

    the really fascinating thing is not THAT they succeeded to change the magnet field via lasers, it's the speed if you compare their figures to this [newscientist.com]
  • Faster how? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by DaleGlass (1068434) on Saturday June 30 2007, @01:19PM (#19700691) Homepage
    The article is unclear on the details. Are they making a hard disk with an optical head? In that case will it really help that much, given the problems with making the disk spin faster, and the seek latency? There are 15K RPM drives already, only they're a bad idea for consumers as they're noisy and require cooling that's not available in most consumer oriented computer cases.

    • I guess you didn't RTFA:

      ... they used laser light to write data to a magnetic hard drive at very high speeds. The technique works because the photons transmitted by the laser actually carry angular momentum, allowing them to interact with the hard drive. Also, each laser pulse heats a tiny space on the disk just enough to make changing its polarity--thereby storing a bit of data--a little easier. The key is reversing the polarity of the laser pulses, which can produce the equivalent of either a 1 or a 0 of binary code on the disk storage medium.

      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        Yes I did.

        Hard disk speed comes from several factors:
        Data density: The more densely it's packed, the more data per second passes under the head
        Rotational speed: The faster it spins, the more data per second passes under the head
        Latency, a combination between the seek latency (how long it takes the disk assembly to move to the location), and rotational latency (how long it takes for the platter to rotate to the required position), determines how long it will will take the disk to start reading data from some
        • OK.

          Are they making a hard disk with an optical head?

          Yes. Or at least they are to my interpretation of using a laser to write to the disk. You can be pedantic if you wish but they haven't claimed something that they haven't done.

          And no-one is arguing with any of your other points, which I guess is why they reckon it will take a decade to come up with a workable, deployable solution. Perhaps they are being optimistic but, hey, who knows? The world is full of things that once looked impossible but are now taken for granted. The clever part is that the

          • Well, that's just the thing that makes me wonder if there's any point in going in this direction. Spinning that much faster would require some really good bearings and a platter made of unobtainium (IIRC, at the current speeds, the forces trying to shatter the platter are quite significant already).

            Besides, it seems that the new way of doing this is with Flash or something similar. I wouldn't be surprised if that's what we'll have everywhere 10 years from now. No seek latency, you can get more speed by i

            • Perhaps we are not seeing the potential. Maybe the advantage will not, ultimately, be manufactured in hard drive terms. But I suspect that there will be a good few bright people thinking of ways to use the fact that you can change the field on a magnetic medium using a laser. If the read/write speed is increased and size of the magnetic field on the medium is reduced by an order or 2 of magnitude then perhaps someone will have a bright idea of how to convert the theory into a working, usable device. Per
  • Stupid hype (Score:4, Insightful)

    by imsabbel (611519) on Saturday June 30 2007, @01:21PM (#19700705)
    Actually, this couldnt have less to do with data storage (you cannot really focus your femto-second laser down to spotsizes lower than what we currently have in HDs, plus there is no real way for a femtosecond source that not bulky, wastefull and expensive).

    On the other hand is the switching of magnetic domains by the polarity of a circular pulse an archivement in itself. But of course fundamental research doesnt interest anybody, so they have to create a stupid "next storage medium" out of it.
  • The researchers managed to transfer data at intervals of about 40 femtoseconds, or quadrillionths of a second, about 100 times faster than conventional magnetic transfers

    That optimizes a tiny part of the problem. There are two mechanical issues, 1) waiting for the right part of the disk to rotate under the read/write head, and 2) arm motion. Without eliminating one or both of these delays, I don't see how this leads to faster secondary storage access in practice.

    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      Which is probably why they said that it will take a decade to produce usable devices. However, that doesn't detract from the discovery or achievement. It is another hurdle passed which will let someone else concentrate on solving the other problems.
    • Could you not eliminate arm motion with a very fast rotating mirror, constantly passing the laser across the rotating disk? Then you just have the problem of rapidly switching the laser on and off to target the specific track.
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        You don't even need a mechanical mirror mover - you can direct and refocus light very quickly using solid state tricks with LCDs that modify their refractive index locally.
    • Without eliminating one or both of these delays, I don't see how this leads to faster secondary storage access in practice.

      Those delays may be a bit inconvenient, but they are not a major problem. For more than a decade, we have more or less known how to deal with them. Yes, a bit of research is still happening in this area, mainly for two reasons. We want to do things with disks that we didn't always do, such as virtual memory. The other reason is, that as CPU spees have grown faster than disk speeds, the

      • During the last decade the transfer speeds have not grown by a factor of 100.

        I suspect a lot of that can be attributed to the market demand, rather than an actual technological limit. The size of the hard-drive is it's main metric, and the only thing that consumers look at, and of course the engineers will make a compromise size/speed/price.
        At the end of the day, what would you rather have:

        • A fast, 15.000 RPM, 16-Platter, energy hungry beast, that makes a horrifying sound every time you access a file (bec
    • I'm willing to stop moving my arm for 40 femtoseconds if it will help.
    • I don't think the crucial part is how (well) it works, but that this technology works. It's one of the puzzle pieces that might lead to better mass storage media. Other things will need to be researched as well (as stated in TFA, e.g. increasing the data density), but this definitely sounds promising.

      The cool thing about lasers is that the data can be transmitted through the air/vacuum and is not reliant on quasi-physical contact of the reading/writing head; so while the old "arm over spinning disk" mig
    • You're absolute right but think about bits density and as a result the storage capacity!
  • by jollyreaper (513215) on Saturday June 30 2007, @01:32PM (#19700769)

    Gary lets us know about research out of the Netherlands that has succeeded in reading and writing a hard disk using polarized laser light.
    Oh my god, dicking with the polarity actually did fix something! I take back half of the mean things I've said about Wesley Crusher.
  • by Jamey (10635) on Saturday June 30 2007, @01:35PM (#19700781) Homepage Journal
    Except that it really doesn't help that much!

    Hard drives have gotten bigger, and bigger, and *BIGGER* over the last 20-30 years. But they don't *FEEL* that much faster. They've become wonders at streaming huge blobs of contiguous data out - so why do databases need huge steaming bloody chunks of RAM cache? Because the random access times *SUCK* and really haven't gotten that much better!

    Capacity has gone from 5MB to 1TB, but spindle speeds have gone from 3600RPM - up to a max of??? 15K RPM for some really expensive drives? Track-to-Track seek hasn't gone up much. Neither has real nor manufacture's claimed throughput rates.

    RAM hasn't nearly kept up with CPUs, either, but the disparity is nothing compared to the hold you get when you have to go after some data from the hard drive that isn't in the cache.

    It's so bad, I strongly considered putting 3 4GB FLASH modules with IDE adapters (RAID5 - but I didn't study this to see if 2 8GB with RAID1 might be better, or other variations) into my new machine on the PATA header to act as the root drive, holding everything but /home, /var, and /tmp.

    Sequential read speed is kinda nice, but I *do* need to do random accesses sometimes! I listen to my nice little 2TB RAID array all the time, as the heads move back and forth singing their little song.
  • Bah HD speed (Score:3, Insightful)

    by silas_moeckel (234313) <<silas> <at> <dsminc-corp.com>> on Saturday June 30 2007, @01:35PM (#19700787) Homepage
    I can tipple the transfer rate and reduce the average seek time by about the same by using 3 sets of heads. Oh you wanted something thats cost effective please move along. Really though I do not know why they could not use multiple servo motors to at least split the heads already on server class drives, any hardware geeks want to chime in? It seems there is a big push for 2.5 inch SAS drives I cant see why you could not stack some of those platters in a 3.5 and add extra heads and controlling gear? Sure your not speeding up single transfers but your cutting the rotational latency in half and allowing multiple operations at once great for servers.
    • IIRC, the explanation for that I saw was that it's too complicated and does too little good. I think it has even been done, but wasn't successful.

      Inside a hard disk it's pretty cramped already. Adding extra voice coils, arm assemblies, etc. is complicated, adds extra heat output, and increases the probability of a failure. A multihead drive would probably cost more than two normal ones and not have much of an edge performance-wise.
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        "I have always wondered why drives couldn't be configured with two independent arm assemblies"

        They can, it's just not worth it; it's a lot of additional expense and complexity (and thus reduced MTBF) all for a very low volume part, when most people would prefer you to just make a physically smaller, cheaper disk so they can get more of them when needed.

        Read-write on all platters at once isn't really feasable because the tracks aren't going to line up reliably; leaving aside imperfect manufacturing, components aren't all going to see uniform levels of thermal expansion or vibration, and even microsc

  • Ten Years (Score:4, Funny)

    by Kuvter (882697) <wdeback@gmail.com> on Saturday June 30 2007, @01:46PM (#19700865) Homepage

    Working prototype drives should be available within a decade.
    Sweet, just around the time Starcraft 2 and Duke Nukem Forever come out.
  • by binaryspiral (784263) on Saturday June 30 2007, @01:51PM (#19700897)
    Where's my flying car? Damn it - it's still in the labs.

  • How noisy is it? For me it's far more important that a hard drive be quiet and well-behaved than it be fast. From what I remember from James Bond and other movies, lasers are pretty damn loud.
  • I have RTFA and cannot see where this group has successfully read data from the drive with a laser. All it talks about is writing.