Stories
Slash Boxes
Comments

News for nerds, stuff that matters

Slashdot Log In

Log In

Create Account  |  Retrieve Password

Robot Unravels the Mystery of Walking

Posted by Zonk on Thu Jul 12, 2007 04:32 PM
from the ha-ha-i've-been-walking-for-years-now dept.
manchineel writes with a link to a BBC article on the lessons learned from a project in locomotive robotics. 'Runbot', as it is known, is the result of a modern technology combined with a 1930s physiology study into human locomotion. The study found that walking is largely an automatic process; we only engage our brains when we have to navigate around an obstacle or deal with rough terrain. "The basic walking steps of Runbot, which has been built by scientists co-operating across Europe, are controlled by reflex information received by peripheral sensors on the joints and feet of the robot, as well as an accelerometer which monitors the pitch of the machine. These sensors pass data on to local neural loops - the equivalent of local circuits - which analyse the information and make adjustments to the gait of the robot in real time."
+ -
story
This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.
The Fine Print: The following comments are owned by whoever posted them. We are not responsible for them in any way.
 Full
 Abbreviated
 Hidden
More
Loading... please wait.
  • by A non-mouse Coward (1103675) on Thursday July 12 2007, @04:37PM (#19843165)
    Don't we need a crawlbot before a runbot, or did I miss something here?
    • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

      Don't we need a crawlbot before a runbot, or did I miss something here?

      Yeah, indeed. None of these walking are that impressive, if you think about it. What would really catch my attention is a robot that gradually learns how to crawl, walk and run on its own, from scratch, just like humans do. Now, that would be something to write home about. In the meantime, I wish those builders of pre-programmed robots the best. Just have fun and keep the grant money flowing but don't tell me you are doing research in AI
      • by TapeCutter (624760) on Friday July 13 2007, @07:03AM (#19847435) Journal
        "What would really catch my attention is a robot that gradually learns how to crawl, walk and run on its own, from scratch, just like humans do."

        Except that 18yrs later it gets drunk and smashes your flying-car forcing you go down to the station in the middle of the night where you get to deal with the cop-bots, admin-bots, legal-bots, insurance-bots,...
  • by SnowZero (92219) on Thursday July 12 2007, @04:38PM (#19843183)
    If there's something the world probably didn't need, it's another planar walker [google.com]. Of course, the researchers are probably quite honest about the limitations when applying this to full 3d walking, but all that is lost in the translation to an article and then a slashdot blurb.
    • The article refers to the robot walking uphill, and learning to adjust its gait while doing so.

      Of course, I may be missing something in your definition of "2D only", but it was probably lost in the translation to a page of useless google search results :)

      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        It is 2D only because the robot cannot move from side to side. It can only move forwards and backwards across a terrain that has varying heights. This type of thing is typical when researching locomotion. You either have the robot mounted on a treadmill, or on a central pivot [mit.edu] so that it cannot fall over sideways.
        • Being able to walk in one dimension is called 2D walking? Something doesn't add up here, unless that D stands for degree of movement, and I think that was used for joints, not whole robots.
    • by bytemap (890960) on Thursday July 12 2007, @06:46PM (#19844267)
      Interestingly, because of your post, the fourth link on the google search is now this page.
  • Frist psot (Score:5, Funny)

    by cnettel (836611) on Thursday July 12 2007, @04:43PM (#19843249)
    Now, if someone could just describe the finger-arm reflexes needed to make a first comment post and implement that in some kind of program or robot thingy...
  • by sam_paris (919837) on Thursday July 12 2007, @04:45PM (#19843257)
    Everytime I read another study about how scientists have tried to replicate something humans find easy, and only manage to produce something that performs the task awkwardly, stupidly or otherwise ineptly, I feel vaguely in awe of how amazing the human body is.

    Especially considering we appear to be a result of dumb luck and retarded fish monkeys..
    • Re: (Score:2, Interesting)

      It gets even creepier when you realize how much of your body isn't human, but symbiotic bacteria and such.

      For reference [discovermagazine.com]
    • You are missing a critical pice in your statment.
      it should be:
      "Especially considering we appear to be a result of dumb luck, retarded fish monkeys, and time.."

      People just can't or don't take time into account naturally. You see it all the time.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      You might want to look at passive dynamic walking [umich.edu] to see something that walks a little less like a bird on speed. I don't think these researchers are completely out of the "must be in total control of every slight movement" mode.
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        Actually, there *are* two different methods to walking. One is the referred to 'falling' method where we lean forward and place a foot out to catch ourselves. The other is where we extend our leg out and then transfer the weight afterwards.

        You can tell if you are doing the former if you trip when your foot catches something. The latter method is recommended for use by aged people due to the decrease in response time and hence increase risk of falling (falling having a higher risk of injury in the elderly
  • FTA:

    He said Runbot learned from its mistakes, much in the same way as a human baby.
    How much are the replacement hands that touch the stove?
  • by langelgjm (860756) on Thursday July 12 2007, @04:45PM (#19843263) Journal
    I'm getting some mixed signals from this article:

    "How does Runbot walk?"

    "The basic walking steps of Runbot"

    "When Runbot first encounters a slope these low level control circuits 'believe' they can continue to walk up the slope without having to change anything."

    "Runbot walks in a very different way from robots like Asimo, star of the Honda TV adverts, said Prof Woergoetter."

    "The first step in building Runbot was creating a biomechanical frame that could support passive walking patterns."

    "So using the information from its local circuits Runbot can walk on flat surfaces at speeds of more than three leg lengths per second."

    "Prof Woergoetter said Runbot was able to learn new walking patterns after only a few trials."

    "Runbot is a small, biped robot which can move at speeds of more than three leg lengths per second, slightly slower than the fastest walking human."

    And last but not least:

    "Four other scientists - Poramate Manoonpong, Tao Geng, Tomas Kulvicius and Bernd Porr - are also involved in the project, which has been running for the last four years."

    Sorry guys, but it really isn't living up to it's name.
  • "..controlled by reflex information received by peripheral sensors ..., as well as an accelerometer which monitors the pitch of the machine. These sensors pass data on to..."

    S E G W A Y

    Someone had to say it.
  • Hasn't this been known for quite a while? The actual task of walking is something that takes WAY too much computation (for lack of a better term) than the conscious brain is capable of. The same goes for quite a few other tasks that we perform. Think about image recognition, or throwing and catching a ball, or TYPING! Howabout READING!!

    imagine a beowulf cluster of human brains!
    • imagine a beowulf cluster of human brains!
      like this? [imdb.com]
    • Re: (Score:3, Funny)

      imagine a beowulf cluster of human brains!

      That's called Internet, and the results have been mixed so far.
    • imagine a beowulf cluster of human brains!


      That's called the "Borg Collective." For some reason, Star Trek didn't depict it in such a good light, although I thought the borg queen was "hot" in a Hellraiser-type of way.
    • Re:Obvious? (Score:5, Insightful)

      by pclminion (145572) on Thursday July 12 2007, @05:56PM (#19843901)

      Walking isn't an unconscious process because it's too complex for consciousness -- what kind of argument is that? The most complex thinking that humans do (inventing new math, plotting the course of a rocket, designing a 10 million line software system, etc.) is all done CONSCIOUSLY. According to your argument, these tasks should be happening UNconsciously.

      Walking is an unconscious process because it doesn't HAVE to be conscious. Why pollute our conscious minds with thought processes that are irrelevant, when all we're trying to do is walk to the fridge and get a beer?

      Thought processes tend to be made unconscious once they have been learned and refined to the point where the conscious mind is no longer needed to supervise and correct mistakes. I've noticed this first hand when writing code. I no longer find myself thinking "Okay, I need to declare a variable called x," it just sort of comes out of my fingers, while my conscious mind thinks at some more abstract level. Didn't used to be that way. The ability to place tasks into your unconscious mind is a learned skill, I think.

      • Muscle Memory (Score:4, Interesting)

        by Mal-2 (675116) on Thursday July 12 2007, @08:21PM (#19844835) Homepage Journal
        Any act you repeat frequently enough becomes partially hardwired into the nervous system, and we call it "muscle memory" (though of course it is neurons that retain the memories). If you have ever learned to play an instrument beyond the beginner level, you will know that you cannot possibly process everything that needs to be done, in real time, in the conscious mind. At some level, you have to just put it on autopilot. You need the conscious mind to read the chart or pick out the harmonies, but you expect that the skills necessary to translate your ideas into sound will just be there. If you're thinking "how do I play that note", it's already gone by.

        If you want to play an instrument and sing at the same time, or play two independent instruments at once (piano and especially organ are close enough to qualify, as is something like a Chapman Stick or Megatar), you have to rely on muscle memory that much more, as you now have twice as much to deal with. Doing all that and singing at the same time is more difficult still, and there are plenty of great musicians who never learn this particular stunt. The only way I can play and sing at the same time is to drill one or the other (usually the instrument) until I can do it by habit alone, then layer the other one over it and hope it holds together. Fortunately, woodwind players are not frequently asked to sing while playing, or to play two instruments at once, and if I do have to sing while playing, it's not really an independent act but part of coaxing a particular sound from the instrument.

        As is the case with walking, the trick is to practice (a lot) and to accept that you will fall down (a lot) until you get the hang of it. Most of us just don't remember how hard we had to work to learn to walk. Some have to re-learn and could tell you how tough it is, and others still bear the scars of learning in infancy -- I have a scar in one eyebrow from falling into the edge of a table while still learning to walk (and a matching one in the other eyebrow, from learning to fight, but that is another story).

        Mal-2
  • runbot homepage (Score:5, Informative)

    by ceroklis (1083863) on Thursday July 12 2007, @05:07PM (#19843471)
    The researcher's page on the robot http://www.cn.stir.ac.uk/~tgeng/research.html [stir.ac.uk]. Check the videos they are quite amazing.
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      Also, here's the cited paper. [plosjournals.org]

      This isn't that novel. It's very much like Randall Beer's insect work [iu.edu] from a decade ago. It's hierarchical control using controllers built from control blocks the authors call "neurons". It's a pure reflex system, with no explicit prediction.

      Also notice that it's a planar biped, constrained so that it can't fall sideways.

      There's better locomotion and balance work going on in Japanese hobbyist robotics.

      It's good that people are working on this stuff again. There was

  • by sokoban (142301) on Thursday July 12 2007, @05:07PM (#19843473) Homepage
    I remember from my animal physiology classes seeing experiments about how cats walk. Apparently quite a few of the nerves which control the muscles used for walking can be severed prior to the dorsal root ganglion, and when placed on a treadmill the cats will still walk just fine even though there is no signal going from the brain to the muscles themselves.
    • by D-Cypell (446534) on Thursday July 12 2007, @06:19PM (#19844053)
      Great! Another reason to distrust cats! As if having 9 lives, yet the possibility of existing in some kind of half dead/half alive quantum state and to also be gifted with the pure lack of modestry required to sit in a public place and lick your own nuts wasn't enough! Now I know that you can mangle up their legs, severing contact between brain and muscle and the fucking things can still do 40 minutes of cardio!
  • by Strange Ranger (454494) on Thursday July 12 2007, @05:10PM (#19843505)
    The British have been working on this for years!

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqhlQfXUk7w [youtube.com]

    It's nice to see the Runbot "has been built by scientists co-operating across Europe".
  • by Coward Anonymous (110649) on Thursday July 12 2007, @05:18PM (#19843571)
    Ants have a fully autonomous walking sub-system. Here is how you find out:
    1. Arm yourself with a box cutter, straight razor, razor blade or scalpel
    2. Capture your favorite back yard ant.
    3. Cut off the ant's head. Be careful not to hurt anything else, don't smash any legs and don't crush any other body parts. If you don't get it right with the first try, try again on your next favorite ant.
    4. Discard the head as neither you nor the ant can use it anymore.
    5. Let go of the rest of the ant

    The ant should now right itself and stand as if awaiting movement instructions.
    Some fun experiments:
    1. Blow gently on the ant. It should sway in the breeze but generally remain upright.
    2. Flick (or blow harder on) the ant without smashing it so that it tumbles some distance. It will right itself and patiently await further instructions.
    3. Place the ant on a piece of paper, wait for it to right itself and then flip the paper over. The ant should stay attached to the paper.

    Ants are truly miniature engineering marvels.
  • by Sciros (986030) on Thursday July 12 2007, @05:21PM (#19843589) Journal
    3 leg lengths per second is just short of the speed of the "fastest walking human"?? Somehow I doubt that. Racewalking is an Olympic even, even, and I know that some folks can do like a 6-min mile walking. Assuming a leg length is a yard, that robot would take closer to 10 minutes to walk a mile. So... it's kind of a dubious claim.
    • "Race Walking" is not walking.

      It should be called "moving as fast as you can while making contact with the ground so that no visible (to the human eye) loss of contact occurs." Granted it's wordy. Rave Walking uses different muscles, and different movement of the legs.

      average walking speed is 4-5 MPH. I walk a ten minute mile, and I am considered quick.

      Not to imply in anyway 'Race walking' is easy, it's just different then actual walking.

      • I'm curious why people would invent such a sport, when they could just RUN instead. I understand that normal walking is less stressful on the body than high-impact running, but the way you describe this "race walking" it hardly seems casual and free of stress. In fact, I could imagine giving yourself some weird injury due to the strain of trying to KEEP one foot always in contact with the ground while moving so quickly. Why not just let the legs come off the ground and RUN?
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      The Olympic record is 1:19 for 20km. That is in the same ballpark as a 6 minute mile, and what the website quotes for fastest human (4 - 5 leg lengths per second). The point is that other robots have all been under 1.5 leg lengths per second, so this is a big leap if leg lengths per second is a valid measurement of performance. Previous robots have had much longer legs though, so if this one doesn't scale up, then it still might not beat them.
  • Great research! Where can I buy a bipedal robot kit with this technology for my next robot project? Oh, I can't. Too bad.

    So if I want a bipedal robot I have to duplicate your work. Maybe I can read your scientific papers and that will give me 10% of the knowledge you gained in doing this project, but I still have to turn theory into practice.

    Commercialize your research already.

  • This weekend (with my bottle of tequila) I'll be testing the mystery of falling over.
  • The feedback system is certainly a step in the right direction as well as using the idea of the "falling forward" concept of walking. For the other posters who stated it "walked funny" you didn't notice that the ankles of the Runbot are locked in position and it merely rolls on its "foot" until the next step. You try walking with your ankles in a fixed position and we will see if you don't look funny doing so. If the feedback system can be extended to small motors in the ankles I think the appearance of
  • by pcgabe (712924) on Thursday July 12 2007, @08:42PM (#19844967) Homepage Journal
    More natural-looking (albeit slower) performance from the Wabian-2. [waseda.ac.jp]

    Swiveling hips are the way of the future. ^_^ Here is a demonstration video. [youtube.com] (The giant mech shooting balls at people afterward is unrelated...)

    Also check out the related robot Kiyomori. [kiyomori.jp] Because nothing says "We are here to protect you" like traditional armor and GLOWING EYES.
  • by s_p_oneil (795792) on Friday July 13 2007, @05:56AM (#19847173) Homepage
    "All these big machines stomp around like robots - we want our robot to walk like a human."

    Based on what I've read and seen, this article is wrong about the Asimo. The Asimo is the only robot I've seen that looks very human in the way it moves. It can walk, run (with both feet leaving the ground), jump, perform a complex dance, get up after a fall, adapt to changes in the terrain, and maintain its balance if something unexpected pushes it. It also treats walking/running as a controlled fall.

    It looks like runbot can't even get both feet off the ground, which means it's not running, it's power-walking. The only thing new here may be its "local circuits", which simply means that it has extra CPU's to take the load off the primary CPU.
    • Because chewing is probably another automatic process that, takes up 100% CPU which leads to walking being stifled and user coming to a complete stop until a kill command is issued.
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        I've heard that since humans are one of the few mammals that walk solely on our hind legs and lack of any sort of balancing appendage walking is more of a series of controlled falls. I believe it was from a show on the new National Geographic HD channel. It tested the force that several martial arts strike at. It was Mythbusters style and intended to test lore of old martial arts movies. I'm not sure how valid any of it was though.

        It would be interesting to see if people with a higher level of