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Samsung's 64-GB Solid-State Drive

Posted by kdawson on Tue Mar 27, 2007 01:41 PM
from the we-don't-need-no-steenkin-RPMs dept.
Anonymous Howard writes "Just a couple of weeks ago Sandisk introduced a 32-GB solid-state drive. Now Samsung has one-upped them, unveiling a 64-GB solid-state drive. They are expecting to begin shipping in the second quarter of this year. Samsung says the device can read 64 MB/s, write 45 MB/s, and uses just 0.5 W when operating (0.1 W when idle). In comparison, an 80-GB 1.8-inch hard drive reads at 15 MB/s, writes at 7 MB/s, and consumes 1.5 W when either operating or idle. No pricing yet."
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  • 64 GB "ought to be enough for anybody"!

    Seriously, though, that's enough for windows XP/Vista/etc. plus your favorite games, apps, and so on. Maybe you couldn't put whole slews of videos or images on there, but you could always get 2 of them.
    • by stratjakt (596332) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @01:45PM (#18505043) Journal
      You don't need that speed for all your slews of videos and images, just put them ( and all data) on a regular disc, and use this for applications only. It'll last longer that way, anyways.
      • by Tyler Eaves (344284) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @02:16PM (#18505707)
        Last longer? The MTBF on flash storage is about an order of magnitude greater than magnetic storage these days.
        • by DrYak (748999) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @03:50PM (#18507329) Homepage
          It's not about the MTBF (the wear with age), yes you can almost indefinitely read data from you flash drive, when compared to harddrives, because there's no mechanical wear.

          BUT!

          The flash cells have a limited number of write cycles, which is very small compared to hard drives. If you write too much data on the same sector, the sector get very quickly broken.
          If you used a flash card for swap, it won't last long at all (because some sectors get constantly written over).

          To limit those damages, flash controllers use "wear level". That means that the small RISC controller that interface between the flash cells and the computer interface (ATA/CF, SD, USB, etc.) dynamically remaps the sectors so the wear caused by write cycles is distributed over several different sector.
          Let's say that an OS constatly writes data on the first couple of sectors. Instead of always writing on the first few cell, the controller remaps a different physical flash cell, to the logical disc sector seen by the OS.
          This works as a charm for flash media storing files likes used in digital cameras and such.

          But doesn't perform as well when used by an operating system.
          Windows XP is specially bad at this.
          Other OS - such as Linux or *BSD, that already have good support for running on slow read-only media (LiveCDs) for a long time, that don't need writing that much (except /var and /tmp, most of the rest of the installation can be read-only), and that support special file systems designed for lower wear (JFFS and such), may fare better : for example there are some Linux distribution that are tested for running from flash, like Damn Small Linux.

          • by Deliveranc3 (629997) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @05:28PM (#18508669) Journal
            But doesn't perform as well when used by an operating system.

            Since flash doesn't have sectors that are faster than others; Thus, this is incorrect.

            Flash chips each have a read and write speed limit the more of them you have in parrelel the faster it can read/write. It's trivial to make the chips within a flash drive have JBOD(F) properties.

            This is one of the major advantages for me, disks that will be able to max out gigabit+ ethernet with increadible seek times, data redundancy, and massive througput.

            As disks get bigger it may become nescessary to have some space for a read/write buffer (normal HD's have ram for this) which will increase the life or need for higher MTBF sections, both of these properties are showing up in variations on flash.

            So if you have a flash disk with 1 Increadible MTBF chip, 1 super speed no storage sector (like ram), 1 massive storage space, and a bunch of standard flash you can have all the advantages of every kind of disk with the internal controller handling performance and wear leveling (not a trivial programming problem but one which we have a bunch of excellent solutions in place for).

            My personal problem with flash disks is that industry seems to be holding back development, trying to develop an upgrade cycle instead of realeasing a perfect solution.

            I can get a 1GB microsd flash card for $15 about 400-600(conservative) of them would fit into a 2.5 disk enclosure. With JBOD and wear leveling across the chips and I'm assuming it would be cheaper because you wouldn't need hundreds of cases/interfaces a 200GB drive with read/write speeds of 100-300 Gb a sec and seek time of
            Hmm, well maybe the price does need to come down but the other concerns about flash seem unjustified, write wear isn't a problem, it's not scary. losing all your data to a HD failure, now that's scary.
          • by FuzzyDaddy (584528) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @02:45PM (#18506253) Journal
            I could be wrong, but I do believe flash turned off stuck in storage has a fairly limited lifetime

            They specify 10 years for flash memory to hold it's data, but in practice (e.g. not at the highest temperature or most extreme operating voltage) it is significantly longer. I don't know to what extent the hard drives work around bad sectors, but they probably do it for both flash drives and the traditional magnetic type.

            • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

              unless you're planning on treating it as WORM memory, flash has somewhat limited lifespan. the flash we're using at my collage for our integrated processing stuff is rated for 1 million write/erase cycles, but the datasheet doesn't even mention MTBF.
              • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

                Assuming a million write/erase cycle limit for this SSD, it would take over 46 years of 24/7 writing to reach the limit on the entire disk. Of course that's unlikely as normal usage patterns would not use the drive in such a way, but I thought it was interesting to know.

                (((64 * 1 024) / 45) * 1 000 000) / (60 * 60 * 24 * 365) = 46.1807317
            • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

              Not sure what it means but 1 of my 3 flash memory cards has gone bad in 2 years.

              Looks perfect- but it reports a formatting error when loaded into my camera and reformatting it doesn't fix the problem.

              And hard drives last a lot less than they advertise too (all those google related articles 2 months back).
          • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

            The flash parts used in these devices can only program approx 10k times before they can be expected to start failing.

            Modern NAND flash is in the 100k+ erase/program cycles... from an ST application note on wear leveling: "In ST NAND Flash memories each physical block can be programmed or erased reliably over 100,000 times." Of course, the wear leveling is what gets you in the 1M hour MTBF range...

            the MTBF numbers for flash assume that you stay within the endurance limits.

            With flash, the weak point is wear
    • by rolfwind (528248) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @01:50PM (#18505165)
      Hard drive capacity growth has slowed the last years in notebooks, they just haven't been increasing in size that fast as in the early 00s. I think flash will surpass notebook harddrives in size within 2-3 years. As it is, 64GB is in the same magnitude of existing typical notebook drives now, just halfway down on the scale.

      The price may or not go down enough within that time period to kick out harddrives completely - in which case we'll just see hybrid drives take over.
      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        Hard drive progress has dramatically slacked off in general, not just in laptops. here [google.com] is my recent usenet rant on the topic. The upshot is that if trends from 2001 had continued, you could now buy a 5 terabyte drive for $300. Instead it's $300 for 750GB.
    • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

      That's actually 4GB larger than my current Notebook HDD. I'm pretty excited to see what the pricing will be.
  • Performance? (Score:4, Insightful)

    by 26199 (577806) * on Tuesday March 27 2007, @01:47PM (#18505073) Homepage

    Can anyone find some more details on the transfer rate/seek time?

    For a hard disk peak transfer rate is when reading consecutive blocks... if the solid state drive can get near peak performance for random access, it's got a huge advantage.

    And is thus very cool.

  • by Pyrion (525584) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @01:47PM (#18505083) Homepage
    It's flash-based, so am I right in assuming that mapping the pagefile to that drive will dramatically shorten its lifespan?
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      I'm under the impression that this is solved by two factors.

      First, flash parts have internal controlers that remap the flash to level out the writes. (I remember hearing about some researcher who developed a great flash file system, only to find that it didn't make any difference because of the remapping.)

      Second, flash parts can handle orders of magnitude more writes now than they could a few years ago.
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        Second, flash parts can handle orders of magnitude more writes now than they could a few years ago.
        But when it fails, how recoverable is it? Is there an industry for flash memory data recovery like there is for hard drive recovery?
    • Not totally certain, but I would guess so. Depending on how big the pagefile was, perhaps the drive does some intelligent load-balancing that would keep you from frying it too quickly, but it might be better to keep another drive around for that, or loading the machine up with enough RAM to keep it from swapping often.

      I used to know people who swore that, after adding RAM, the best thing you could do for speed was to add a small-but-fast SCSI hard drive and use it for nothing but your swapfile. I've never gone that route personally, because I've never thought it worth the expense, but I bet it would make for a pretty nice system. And I also suspect there have to be a lot of SCSI drives on the used market if you look.
            • by Mr Z (6791) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @09:29PM (#18510695) Homepage Journal

              The numbers you used, approx 900/100, are also a special magic point on 32-bit CPUs under Linux. Above about 960MB, Linux uses "highmem" mode on x86, and that slows things down. A 32-bit x86 PC runs faster when you restrict it to 960MB instead of letting it use the full 1024MB.

              For those of you who wonder how a computer could run faster w/ a little swap in RAM instead of just using all the RAM, the answer is complicated. Mainly, all the VM algorithms assume the existance of swap, and so when they get backed into a corner, they expect to be able to dump a bunch of stuff overboard into swap. They only start making the really hard choices once swap fills up. If you take away swap, then you hit the "out of swap" condition much more readily.

              You might be thinking "ah, but it's all just a shell game! You'll still run out of swap at the same time, since your total memory is fixed!" Not true. The OS prioritizes disk buffers and other caches relative to the work it's doing and the RAM available to it. RAM dedicated to a RAM disk is not available for other purposes. Thus, a RAM-based swap partition dedicates some portion of RAM to only hold dirty program pages. No disk buffers, no network buffers, no inode information. Just dirty program pages. By forcing austerity on these other discretionary structures, you can compensate for the VM's inbuilt assumption it can just "dump things to swap", and that running out of swap occurs "almost never."

              --Joe
    • by Pike (52876) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @02:04PM (#18505475) Homepage Journal
      no, but your browser will need the latest Adobe plugins in order for your operating system to boot properly.
  • by davidwr (791652) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @01:49PM (#18505129) Homepage Journal
    Quality hard drives are fairly reliable. They can last 10 years or more and you can usually count on them to last their warranty period - 3-5 years - and then some.

    They also have error detection/correction, bad-sector remapping, and "I'm about to die" notification.

    At one time, solid-state devices were good for about a thousand writes for any given memory cell, a lot fewer than HDs.

    Does anyone know the reliability for these new solid-state devices over wall time, hours in use/plugged in, number of read cycles, and number of write cycles under normal operating conditions, and how those compare with a modern 1.8, 2.5, or 3.5" drive?
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        For comparison's sake, apparently some of my 250GB WD hard drives have a MTBF of only 1 million hours.
  • by Grishnakh (216268) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @01:49PM (#18505139)
    This would be perfect for my iRiver H320 MP3 player, since (according to TFA) it's in the 1.8" form factor which almost every HD MP3 player uses.
  • I don't get it... (Score:5, Interesting)

    by bluemonq (812827) * on Tuesday March 27 2007, @01:49PM (#18505143)
    How can it be one-upping them A-DATA already annouced 128GB SSDs two months ago [engadget.com]?
  • Price: $200ish? (Score:3, Interesting)

    by crow (16139) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @01:53PM (#18505243) Homepage Journal
    Based on 4GB compact flash prices at Pricewatch, I can get 32G for $107.60 or 64G for $215.20. All that's new here is packaging all that in one package, and putting a regular IDE interface on it. So at today's prices, that's about $200 per 64GB drive. Of course, by the time this hits the market, it should be lower. On the other hand, there will be a significant premium charged at first until there's enough competition to bring it down.
  • What would you spend if you could be a 2.5" version that was interface compatible with your laptop sata connector that was say, 100gb with comparable power and performance?

    Personally, to pull the SATA drive out of my laptop and replace it with a 100gb version of this that used so much less power and was so much faster would be a no-brainer even at something like 700 or 800 dollars (US). Battery life would be radically better, noise and heat would be much lower, performance better and general usability should be outstanding.

    What are the downsides? How is the duty cycle on these things? Will they last as long or develop hotspots that can't store data as well?
  • MTBF (Score:3, Informative)

    by EssTiDee (784920) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @01:55PM (#18505279)
    The SanDisk 32GB version reports a 2 million hour MTBF... http://www.sandisk.com/Oem/Default.aspx?CatID=1478 [sandisk.com]

    That's quite a bit better than typical hard drives these days!
    Has anyone found MTBF information regarding the Samsung versions?
  • Predict $630 (Score:5, Interesting)

    by llZENll (545605) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @02:58PM (#18506449)
    Hm, based on the cheapest (without rebates) memory available at $8.50/GB, figure 20% markup between the manf and retailer, thats $6.8/GB.

    $435 for memory

    +10% for R&D
    +10% for manf (including controller, parts, etc)
    -10% for manf efficency when producing 64GB/run

    COST $479

    RETAIL:
    +20% for geewhiz-newtoy-factor/supply shortages
    +10% for retail

    YOUR COST: $630

    sources:
    http://www.pricewatch.com/flash_card_memory/secure _digital_2gb.htm [pricewatch.com]

    Another prediction: SSDs will offer such huge power and performance advantanges, they will sell like crazy and drop in price by a factor of 70% within 1 year from now.
  • by Hackeron (704093) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @03:23PM (#18506899) Journal
    If comparing these to 2.5" drives instead of 1.8" drives the advantages aren't as drastic.

    * 2.5" drives consume between 0.8W to 2.5W (ok, seeking eats a lot, but during sequential read or write, they consume similar amounts), almost no power consumption when they spin down.
    * 2.5" drives give 53MB/sec read and write.
    * 2.5" drives are very cheap and have triple the capacity.

    The solid state drives are still at an advantage, but it's not quite as large as compared to 1.8" drives.
  • No pricing yet (Score:4, Insightful)

    by nurb432 (527695) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @03:44PM (#18507213) Homepage Journal
    If you even have to ask about pricing, trust me, you cant afford it.
  • My favorite line (Score:3, Informative)

    by fishbowl (7759) <`nethack' `at' `cox.net'> on Wednesday March 28 2007, @12:32AM (#18511797)
    IANAL, but I have studied law and I have worked in the litigation field. I have read many letters that have had me wanting to ROFL, and this is in that category. But the best part is also the last bit:

      "From there, it should be a short trip to dismissal even if it means getting our clients to mediate Mr. Merchant's positive claims in the absence of an appropriate settlement."

    Translation: If you have read this far, you realize that you not only have no case, but that you are entirely out of your league because the standards of evidence in the court system where I have major influence, would procedurally bar you from even entering your case on the docket. Despite this, my client's claims against you are already demonstrated, and our claims will continue to have merit even after your case is dismissed with prejudice (and we have not offered to drop our case.)

    This letter is a masterpiece because it manages to hand the plaintiff his ass, in a rather respectful colleague-to-colleague way, while at the same time threatening a counterclaim that could end up with far greater damages than the initial claim!

    And the real beauty is that even though the RIAA seems to have withdrawn its claim, the damages from the malice might still hold, if they really want to push it.

    Who did they sue? Directors of a Silicon Valley bank? They should do some research before they pull the pin on the hand grenade!

    "I would be happy to send the airplane..." (At the plaintiff's expense of course...)

    Love it.
    • by gbjbaanb (229885) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @01:51PM (#18505183)
      yes. a solid-state hard drive is exactly that - a normal HDD that uses a different mechanism for storing data. Usually its a pinning platter, this uses non-volatile memory chips. The interface and size are the same, so you just use it as you otherwise would.

      Personally, I think 64Gb is a bit much for me, I'd stick the OS and swap files on there - which come to about 10Gb on my current XP machine.
          • One possible reason is an OS that will not run, or will not run correctly, without paging. Linux actually fell into the latter category once upon a time, it would run like crap without swap (unless you made some patches.) SunOS4 was SOLIDLY in that category, but it's old (BSD 4 based - IIRC mostly 4.3, with some 4.4-lite code in the last release of SunOS4?) Windows 2000 would allow you to turn of all paging files, but would blue screen on boot if you did so as it absolutely required some paging (but you could have a teensy, fixed-length paging file.) But in a system that isn't so poorly designed that it requires paging, adding more RAM is a better solution any time you have the slots and the cash. It stops you from paging! That's pure gold right there. Who wants to wait for that?

            One solution, of course, is to use a DRAM SSD for your swap if you're out of DIMM slots. Then only cash is the limiting factor. Granted, it still limits me right out of that particular game...

    • by faloi (738831) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @01:53PM (#18505233)
      They're marketed as drop in replacements, currently built to notebook drive standards. The downside, as someone else mentions, is that they are flash based. While flash has gotten better recently, I'd be squeemish about having an OS that constantly writes to the drive even when nothing is (apparently) happening on it.
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      Of course solid state disks will replace regular hard drives. After all, the conventional disk is the only computer peripheral with moving parts.

      I think that the SSD is going to compete far sooner than most people realize. Looking at the numbers, we now see that laptops are almost outselling stationary computers, so people may actually turn to SSD as soon as 2.5 inchers at 200 GB come at competitive prices. Besides, if you want lots of space for vids and mp3s, then why not get a networked server with a cou
      • Re:Industrial PC's (Score:4, Informative)

        by garyok (218493) on Tuesday March 27 2007, @02:57PM (#18506433)

        After all, the conventional disk is the only computer peripheral with moving parts.
        Ummm... CDs and DVDs (not to mention the blinking-flip 1.4Mb floppy drive I still need to load RAID drivers on XP)? CPU and PSU fans? My printer? My (opti) mouse's buttons? The front door thingy on my PC case? Still lots of moving bits around in conventional PC peripherals that can wear out, 'fraid to say.
        • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

          But of those mentioned, the only one that actually stores the data (CDs/DVDs store it, but the drive doesn't) of those mentioned. The others can be replaced, failed hard disks are usually a Emergency(tm). Yes, there's RAID and live/nearline/offline/offsite backup. No, people still won't do it. From what I've understood the SSD disks will be more reliable. They have a limited lifespan but it should be more predictable. A HDD might be a microscopic flaw in its bearings or motor or disk heads, which after a ye
        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          Floppy drive to load RAID drivers?
          Try slipstreaming instead. nlite makes it even easier.