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Report Blasts "Peak Oil" Theory
Posted by
ScuttleMonkey
on Wed Nov 15, 2006 02:01 PM
from the a-peek-at-the-future dept.
from the a-peek-at-the-future dept.
Rei writes "Today, the Cambridge Energy Research Associates released a report dismissing the Peak Oil theory, suggesting that world oil production will continue to increase for the next 24 years, and then only level into a plateau. The report, which suggests that world reserves are enough to last 122 years at our current rate of consumption, also blasts Peak Oil theorists for repeatedly making unscientific predictions and then shifting them whenever their predictions fail to materialize."
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Who pays their bills? (Score:5, Insightful)
Re:Who pays their bills? (Score:5, Interesting)
Make of that what you will..
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Re:Who pays their bills? (Score:5, Insightful)
I can't imagine why an energy research organization would actually seek out and listen to national energy secretaries in developing energy analysis - can't they just publish some near-term doom-and-gloom conclusions with only selective data like everyone else?
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Re:Who pays their bills? (Score:5, Insightful)
>energy analysis - can't they just publish some near-term doom-and-gloom conclusions with only selective data like everyone else?
So when a single company with stated links to oil-producing countries comes up with the conclusion that we should continue to rely on oil, that's "seeking out and listening... in developing energy analysis", but when "everyone else" (and that does include pretty much everyone) comes to opposite conclusion, that's "doom-and-gloom... with only selective data"? That's some good, objective critical thinking skills you got there...
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WTF (Score:4, Insightful)
Like, for example, the report pretty much dovetailing nicely with Peak Oil theorywith the only majot difference being when the peak happens?
Or how about that he report talks about ALL know oil sources, when in fact Peak Oil theory is based around EASILY recoverable sources, basically making this report an apple and oranges thing.
This is what Peak Oil sceptics don't get: Yes, we have a shitload of oil, but when you eliminate the stuff that's a PITA to recover, it doesn't leave a whole lot. It will probably take us a few decades at least to run out, but that downward slide is going to be a bitch.
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Re:WTF (Score:5, Interesting)
- many reservoirs have poor to crap permeability characteristics, which reduces maximum (let alone optimum) flow rates, and severely impacts the economics of projects. That's inherent to the rock that the oil is in, and is only improved as the square root (approximately) of the pressure differential that you put across the reservior. At best.
- most new discoveries are small. A couple of hundred million barrels in place, maybe 40~60 million produceable. That's 5 to 8 days of consumption at todays rates. Which means that you can't justify the cost of pipelines and infrastructure to produce the stuff.
Look at, if you care, the "Last Great Hope" oil province of the late 1990's - the Falklands province. Review it's history - a significant war fought over it's control delayed exploration drilling for a decade and a half. There's a basin, source rocks (second best in the world), and reservoirs of moderate quality; tectonics and timing of thermal events within the tectonics are good for producing accumulations, and indeed accumulations have been found. But they're not big enough to justify building the necessary platform-based infrastructure, and the distance to shore is too long to flow the oil in a pipeline (we're back to the back-pressure as anything flows ; it all adds up from the valve at the surface separator all the way back through the pipes to the reservoir-completion interface). Net result - a "stranded" oil province. OK - that's one province I've had a professional interest in. Oddly enough, that's a common set of problems. Same goes for the potential stuff in the Arctic outside Alaska : no route to market, and building the necessary railway lines and pipelines across Siberian tundra is a 20-year project (don't suggest using the - - (sorry for my spelling, my atrocious Russian is getting rusty) line - it's stuffed to capacity already (as anyone who's used it would know) and it doesn't get within 2Mm of the necessary areas.) with a very uncertain prospect of success at the end.
Some of the biggest components of the "anticipated reserves" part of the future oil extrapolations are based on finding whole provinces with similar productivity to their geological counterparts elsewhere in the world. But there is no (zero, nil, zilch) well control on a lot of these anticipations. It's an easy mistake to make - I tried to get involved in the Falklands drilling campaign (first job application I'd written for 4 years), on that basis. Thought there was a big potential. Busted after the second well (of 6 in the campaign). East Greenland is "booked" as a huge gas province, extrapolating from the geological and thermal history of the Norwegian coast; zero well control. Laptev sea is "booked" as a light oil and gas province; one well and only 14000km of seismic. East Siberian-Chukchi Seas similarly booked; zero wells and 7000km. Sea of Okhotsk, several pinprick wells with no discoveries on the best prospects from the very limited seismic. Sea of Japan I haven't received data on, yet; some political difficulties over exploration. Sea of Bohai has proven prospects, but similar political difficulties.
You can look at models of reserves projected, but you've got to read the definitions of "proven", "likely" etc that go for the different classes of "reserve". As Shell discovered publicly a couple of years ago (and everyone else knew privately), a reserve isn't a reserve until it's been drilled, tested and produced. And e
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Re:Should Have Previewed (Score:4, Interesting)
Daniel Yergin also wrote and hosted a PBS production called "Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy". This 3-part television production was an advomentary (advocacy documentary) which made the case for free markets by interpreting the economic history of the 20th Century from a capitalist perspective. Yergin interviewed many high profile free-market advocates such as Dick Cheney, Bill Clinton, Newt Gingrich, and Robert Rubin who presented economic history as a battle between centralized command economies and free market economies.
If he is seriously suggesting that Dick Cheney is interested free markets why does Halliburton [halliburtonwatch.org] get no-bid contracts... DOH! Next they will be telling you the 30% water cut on the Saudi Ghawar oil field [energybulletin.net] is nothing to be concerned about, oh and remember Saddam has WMD and is helping AQ and global warming doesnt exist, oil companies don't conspire with corrupt governments and oh yes fairies and elves really do exist.
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Well, let's take a look at the speakers (Score:5, Informative)
H.E. Mohamed Bin Dhaen Al Hamli, Minister of Energy, UAE and President of the OPEC Conference (2007), David Crane, President & CEO, NRG Energy, Incorporated, David J. O'Reilly, Chairman & CEO, Chevron Corporation
John G. Rice, Vice Chairman of GE, President & CEO, GE Infrastructure, John W. Rowe, Chairman, President & CEO, Exelon Corporation, Charles W. Shivery, Chairman, President & CEO, Northeast Utilities
Neil H. Smith, CEO, InterGen, Jeff Sterba, Chairman, President & CEO, PNM Resources, Rex W. Tillerson, Chairman and CEO, ExxonMobil Corporation
Jake S. Ulrich, Executive Director, Centrica plc, Don Voelte, Managing Director & CEO, Woodside Energy Ltd, Theo H. Walthie, Business Group President, Dow Chemical Company
Daniel Yergin, CERA Chairman
H.E. Mohamed Bin Dhaen Al Hamli, Minister of Energy, UAE and President of the OPEC Conference (2007), David Crane, President & CEO, NRG Energy, Incorporated
David J. O'Reilly, Chairman & CEO, Chevron Corporation, John G. Rice, Vice Chairman of GE, President & CEO, GE Infrastructure
John W. Rowe, Chairman, President & CEO, Exelon Corporation, Charles W. Shivery, Chairman, President & CEO, Northeast Utilities
Neil H. Smith, CEO, InterGen, Jeff Sterba, Chairman, President & CEO, PNM Resources, Rex W. Tillerson, Chairman and CEO, ExxonMobil Corporation, Jake S. Ulrich, Executive Director, Centrica plc, Don Voelte, Managing Director & CEO, Woodside Energy Ltd, Theo H. Walthie, Business Group President, Dow Chemical Company, Daniel Yergin, CERA ChairmanH.E. Mohamed Bin Dhaen Al Hamli, Minister of Energy, UAE and President of the OPEC Conference (2007)
David Crane, President & CEO, NRG Energy, Incorporated David J. O'Reilly, Chairman & CEO, Chevron Corporation John G. Rice, Vice Chairman of GE, President & CEO, GE Infrastructur John W. Rowe, Chairman, President & CEO, Exelon Corporation
Charles W. Shivery, Chairman, President & CEO, Northeast Utilities Neil H. Smith, CEO, InterGen Jeff Sterba, Chairman, President & CEO, PNM Resources Rex W. Tillerson, Chairman and CEO, ExxonMobil Corporation
Jake S. Ulrich, Executive Director, Centrica plc Don Voelte, Managing Director & CEO, Woodside Energy Ltd. Theo H. Walthie, Business Group President, Dow Chemical Company
Daniel Yergin, CERA Chairman
I'm detecting an air of possible bias there. Not just is there no-one on the speaker list with an environmentalist bent, but most of the speakers apart from those employed by CERA are heads/employees of major oil/chemical companies.
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Re:Well, let's take a look at the speakers (Score:4, Insightful)
Steve
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Re:Well, let's take a look at the speakers (Score:5, Funny)
John Denver, American folk singer-songwriter, Poet Laureat of Colorado, author of "Take Me Home, Country Roads" and "Leaving on a Jet Plane"
Don Pearson, management consultant and executive of Folsom, CA's "eRepublic"; trainer of Allstate Insurance Company managers and salesmen in the tenets of L. Ron Hubbard's "management by statistics" approach.
Frederik "Fred" Deburghgraeve, shoe salesman; former Belgian olympic swimmer and olympic gold medalist in the 100 meter breaststroke in the 1996 Olympic Games
Gerald Mosse, principle horse rider to the Aga Khan IV; former apprentice of Patrick-Loiuse Biancone and rider for Francois Boutin. Rode Arazi to five straight wins in France.
Arazi: A thoroughbred chestnut colt who won the 1991 Breeders' Cup Juvenile. Has crooked white blaze on forehead.
Ficus carica: the Common Fig; small tree native to the eastern Mediterranean and southwest Asia; deciduous, with 3-5 cm fruit.
Vanadium: A chemical element of the periodic table, with atomic number 23. A rare, soft, ductile element used in alloying; good resistance to sulfuric acid.
Three: A number, numeral, and glyph; the natural number following 2, but preceeding 4; the first unique prime; the second triangular number; integral divisor of natural numbers whose digits add up to a multiple of three.
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Re:Well, let's take a look at the speakers (Score:4, Interesting)
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Re:Well, let's take a look at the speakers (Score:4, Funny)
All the more ironic since he crashed while trying to reach the fuel selector knob...
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Re:Peak oil has nothng to do with the environment (Score:5, Informative)
The way I see it, whether we suck the world's oil reserves dry quickly or we suck them dry slowly, we're still going to suck them dry. There's more profit associated with large demand than small demand, however. Indeed, for a fixed supply, the price vs. demand curve is anything but linear. Furthermore, the time value of money indicates that a given sum of money is more valuable the sooner you have it. If we proactively shift energy demand away from oil, this lengthens the timespan across which we'll deplete the world's oil reserves. This will reduce demand, reduce average prices, and the money will arrive later (and therefore not be as valuable).
Thus, oil companies have strong economic reasons for wanting to keep demand high. They want to maximize their total profit.
Peak oil and alternative energy proponents seek to move energy demand away from oil, either by increasing efficiency or by drawing energy from other sources. Either approach reduces the demand for oil, which is what the petroleum industry wants to avoid.
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Re:Who pays their bills? (Score:4, Insightful)
The only thing that really matters is whether what people say holds up under scrutiny. Is the data they use accurate? Are their conclusions valid? Do their theories agree with their data? Can their theories be falsified? Did they use proper methodologies when testing their theories and collecting their data? Did they cherry-pick?
What's that you say? That's hard? Tough shit. If you can't handle a rigorous discussion, shut the fuck up. You're not contributing. No matter what your mom or your school teacher told you.
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Re:Who pays their bills? (Score:5, Insightful)
The past has proven time and time again that reports provided by people backed by certain corporations, such as Cigarrette Manufacturers, Oil Firms and both the RIAA and MPAA are filled with half-truths, straight lies, clear misrepresentations of data (once the data is brought out into the public space), as well as a number of other "Dirty Pool" tactics.
Simply because of who is backing this report, the publishers of the report have a tremendous amount of work that they must perform in order to be taken as anything other than what any "corporate shill" will say.
If they are not 100% open with the methods they used, the data they collected as well as with the stastical analysis they performed, their work is going to be suspect. Perhaps their first line would be to see if they can get their report published in a peer reviewed scientific journal.
Personally, I would be far less skeptical of a piece that could make it into a peer-reviewed medical journal.
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Re:Who pays their bills? (Score:4, Informative)
Well, instead of just saying "tough shit", and giving up, some of us have come up with better metrics to judge what "experts" say. (And given the nature of experthood, we can't evaluate their arguments independently without becoming experts ourselves).
One of the methods people use to evaluate the statements of experts (without becoming experts themselves) is to try to find out if they have an agenda beyond educating people about stuff. If they are paid by some organization, such as the catholic church (the earth is the center of the universe), the tobacco industry (smoking is healthy and makes you look good), the oil industry (burning fossil fuels is a long-term environmentally sustainable practice), or someone else with big money and questionable motives, many people rightfully become skeptical to the statements, even without having become experts enough to evaluate the science behind it themselves.
I'm sorry. The people who are not contributing, are the people who are getting paid to spread misinformation (i.e. lie). The people who try to find out if misinformation is spread, are meta-contributing. You and I are meta-meta-contributing.
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In other words (Score:5, Insightful)
"I don't like what they're saying. Is there a way we can slur them with a phony conflict-of-interest implication or some other kind of ad hominem? Dealing with arguments on their merits is too hard."
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Re:In other words (Score:4, Insightful)
In this case it seems to be estimating peak oil at 24 years out, instead of the now - 25 years out peak oil people are saying. They assume a clean shift away from oil at the "plateau" is all. There isn't a whole lot to dispute or refute. Their undulating plateau actually looks like it heads down quicklike around where the graph cuts off as a matter of fact. The best that can be said for it is that it is an optimistic peak oil aligned estimate.
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Re:Who pays their bills? (Score:4, Insightful)
Even Slashdot does. For example why was this story classified as HARDWARE and not Science or Politics?
The people that say oil will run out have an agenda. They have a world view that colors everything that see. They may believe everything they say or believe that they must put everything in the most dramatic way so everyone so that they can move people to action.
The people that say that we have a lot more Oil feel exactly the same way and act exactly the same way.
The truth is that the "Peak oil" group is probably wrong.
Oh and these people are probably being overly optimistic as well.
In other words they are probably both lying but believing every word they say.
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Re:Who pays their bills? (Score:5, Insightful)
These guys are legitimate. I'm quite sure their client list includes big oil, coal, etc, but their business is selling information to these companies, not shilling for them. The energy companies have plenty of alternatives for that.
That's not to say that CERA is right, but they certainly are worth paying attention to.
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I personally don't care (Score:4, Insightful)
No increase in oil demand? (Score:4, Insightful)
And, if our demand for oil increases?
Oh, I see. They assume our demand for oil will never increase. The developing world's demand for oil will never increase. China's demand for oil will never increase.
I'm usually not this blunt, but this seems like a good time: are the authors of this report FUCKING IDIOTS?
Re:No increase in oil demand? (Score:5, Interesting)
It's pretty hard to predict future consumption and production patterns. The best evidence we have is historic, which has naturally formed the basis for their argument.
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Re:No increase in oil demand? (Score:5, Insightful)
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Re:No increase in oil demand? (Score:4, Insightful)
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Re:No increase in oil demand? (Score:5, Insightful)
"world oil production will continue to increase for the next 24 years, and then only level into a plateau."
Yeah, a plateau is NOTHING like a "peak". Oh, they expect it to ever again INCREASE after 24 years? It sounds like the wonks that pegged the peak as far off as 24 years, [which seems unlikely due to their constant demand criteria which we know is wrong] can't even twist the numbers into something that means my kids will live to the age I am now before their world is shattered by transportation and energy crisis.
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Re:No increase in oil demand? (Score:4, Informative)
Production will cope. It's in the report.
Oh, I see. They assume our demand for oil will never increase. The developing world's demand for oil will never increase. China's demand for oil will never increase.
No, they don't assume that. You're conflating their position. They make two seperate points:
1. That if our consumption levels remain flat, there's 122 years of conventional reserves left. They make this point for illustrative purposes to counter the 'peak oil' argument.
2. That consumption will rise (the "Asian Phoenix" scenario) but that total oil output (conventional and unconventional ; tar sands, new extraction techniques, etc) will rise to cope.
They're not idiots.
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I got news for these people (Score:5, Insightful)
Alternate energy sources and fuel conservation are a good idea under any conditions.
I wonder... (Score:5, Insightful)
I say there's been so much doom-and-gloom about oil, every prediction I can remember about oil running out has been proven wrong time and time again. As our technology increases, we will find ways to get more oil out of existing locations and find new ones. Hmm. Go figure.
Hell, in 1879 Edison invented the light bulb. Who would have thought after 100+ years, the only thing a house from 1890 and 2006 would have in common is a lightbulb? And now the idustry is changing with LED bulbs for just about everything these days. I bet the next advancement doesn't take 100 years.
In oil, there's money. And a ton of it. So, advancement will happen much faster. We will use it more efficiently and get it from places we never thought possible.
Re:I wonder... (Score:5, Insightful)
b) People are tricksy things - some of them will find ways to clear the oil of the wells more efficiently.
I know that many of you out there are young, and you probably find the prospect of the mundane existence that we all share to be terrifyingly bland. Many of you are hoping, in your secret hearts, that *something* changes and the world becomes a much different place, where a 9 to 5 existence in a cube farm is no longer a possibility. So you latch on to disaster scenarios, like Catastrophic Global Warming and Peak Oil, because they offer the kind of dramatic "world-changing" catastrophe you hope to bear witness to - to be one of the survivors, one of the pioneers of the new, simpler Earth.
(and for those of you who read this and say "That's not me", that's fine. I'm not talking to you)
But Peak Oil is not the catastrophe you might hope it will be. It will result, at worst, in a gradual increase in oil prices, causing people and countries to shift slowly away from oil-consuming technologies. It might be messy, and there might be shortages (although virtually all shortages will be caused by government price caps), but the fundamentals of the market have not changed just because Peak Oil is capitalized.
Many people criticize CERA, and claim they are industry shills. Fair enough, I make no claim as to their veracity and ethical fiber. However, don't forget that the Peak Oil advocates are also receiving money and attention for their claims, and the more catastrophic a picture they paint, the more money and attention they receive. For a professor or a scholar, notoriety is as valuable as cash in terms of book deals, speaking engagements, etc.
Let's review:
- Demand for a good causes the price to rise.
- The rising price gives businesses the incentives to supply that good to the market.
- As the supply increases to meet the demand, the price levels off, reducing the incentives for new entrants.
- Changes in supply may cause existing suppliers to fall short.
- This causes other businesses to enter the market, and provide supply, possibly in a variety of new ways. Many of the world's paradigm shifts happen because a businessman discovers a novel and unusual way to solve a problem.
- This causes the supply to increase, or causes the demand to fall.
There is nothing about the oil industry that does not fit this model. We know that we don't capture all the oil from the existing wells. We know there are lots of alternatives, both in terms of oil-like solutions and solutions that are completely unrelated to oil (solar, nuclear, telecommuting). We know that as the price rises, people will drive their cars less (we saw that after Katrina, for example) *You* know that if the price of gas was $10 a gallon, you would find ways to reduce the number of trips you took, take public transportation, carpool or walk, or find other ways to reduce your personal gas costs.Well, everyone else can take those options as well.
There is no catastrophe here. It is not going to happen. If you want to fret about a catastrophe, contemplate supervolcanos and asteroid strikes, and how much the survival of every living thing on earth depends on humanity's ability to advance technologically as rapidly as possible.
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Peak Impact More Important (Score:4, Insightful)
The fact is that if the United States were cut off from foreign oil we would last 2.87 years at our current consumption.
But we wouldn't remain at our current consumption. Rationing and hording would be quick, which we got a taste of in the 70's IIRC.
Very little new oil is being found, but consumption is going up very quickly in countries like China and India. The rest of the world wants to live like Americans, and as they do there simply won't be enough. Period.
That may not happen today, and it may not happen in the next few years, but it will happen in the next few decades. And in my opinion that will be the cause of WW3 if it hasn't already taken place and no alternative energies fill the vacuum.
Great... (Score:5, Funny)
Speaking as a climate change pessimist.... (Score:4, Interesting)
Sorry to be depressing, but I find the prospects very depressing.
Wonder who's putting out this report? (Score:5, Informative)
"CERA was acquired by IHS Energy in 2004. . . . Some of the company's largest clients include international energy companies, governments, utilities, and financial institutions."
http://www.answers.com/topic/cambridge-energy-rese arch-associates [answers.com]
"IHS is one of the leading global providers of critical technical information, decision-support tools, and related services to customers in the energy, defense, aerospace, construction, electronics, and automotive industries. We have developed a comprehensive collection of technical information that is highly relevant to the industries we serve ."
http://www.ihs.com/About-IHS/ [ihs.com]
Question I asked during peak oil lecture (Score:4, Interesting)
Today there was a talk in Beckman Auditorium by Kenneth Deffeyes [princeton.edu], Princeton professor emeritus and author of one of the more popular books on that ever-popular meme, peak oil. He discussed his belief that we had hit peak oil sometime around this past Thanksgiving, and that oil prices are going to fluctuate wildly and rise in the next 5 years of so.
During the Q&A period I went up to the microphone and asked the following: During your talk you briefly mentioned the futures market. Currently on the oil futures market, you can purchase a contract for a barrel of oil to be delivered in, say, the year 2010 or 2011 which is actually cheaper than a barrel of oil today [edit: nowadays it's actually slightly higher, 62 vs. 58]. What are your thoughts on why this is the case?
In his response, he had mentioned that he had been asked a similar question after he gave his talk at Merrill Lynch, basically: "If you really think oil prices are going to rise, why don't you put your money where your mouth is and buy up futures contracts?" He said to them that he wasn't too knowledgeable about futures contracts, and afterwards read up on them a little and found some of their intricacies bewildering. He said that he would want to purchase futures options for the coming few years, due to the extreme price fluctuations he expects, followed by regular futures in the longer term.
I'm not sure I bought his answer. Although I'm not sure about how far ahead one can purchase futures options, regular futures can definitely be purchased for 2012 [tradingcharts.com], which should be well into the period of soaring prices he predicts.
Read the Hirsch Report (Score:4, Interesting)
Its the best rebuttal to Yergin and CERA.
The Hirsch report, written by Robert Hirsch of SAIC, was commissioned by the Department of Energy in 2005. To try and avoid some of the controversy around the exact date of 'peak', he sidestepped it, and rather tried to perform an objective analysis of what effort would be required to mitigate such a peak, in three scenarios.
How does this "blast" peak oil theory? (Score:4, Insightful)
This report claims that after 24 years, an extraction plateau will be reached which will never be exceeded.
This reports idea is slightly different from that suggested by peak oil in that the "peak" in peak oil refers to the idea that production will actually fall at some rate, while this report suggests a plateau, but that doesn't really change the fundamental dynamic is that increasing demand for energy and other products of the oil industry (plastics, etc.) cannot, whether with a peak or a plateau (which is merely the "best-case" limit of a peak) be met with increased production, but instead higher prices.
While it certainly diverges sharply from the timeframe predictions of many peak oil theorists, it fundamentally confirms that principal problem envisioned by peak oil: a production limit that will be reached in a fairly short time.
(Of course, since the supply of oil is finite, unless the rate of extraction is lower than the rate at which geological processes create oil, it is clearly impossible for a plateau to hold in the longest term, so it seems unlikely that any "plateau" will be a long-term state rather than merely a transitional period before a decline.)
I will believe this .... (Score:5, Insightful)
Oil company ads in 1973, (Score:4, Insightful)
Fifteen years later, during the 1987 oil crisis, they ran a similar ad but this one said "at the current rate of consumption we have 200 years of oil left".
Amazing. In 15 years we lost 400 years worth of oil!!!
Both statements were right, of course, but what the oil companies were COUNTING on was that most folks would NOT understand that "at the current rate" doesn't mean that the rate wouldn't INCREASE. It seems that most folks STILL DON'T UNDERSTAND.
Now, we have politicians running for office with the promise that they will "replace oil fields with corn fields". To make matters worse, the US government is subsidizing corporations who make and run Ethanol plants, which immediately begs the question "If Ethanol is capable self-sustaining energy production sufficient to replace oil, why does it need subsidies?"
Independent studies by academic agricultural and environmental experts report that Ethanol requires an input of 54,725 BTU more for each gallon produced than you'd get by burning it. On the other hand, Ethanol industry sponsored studies claim Ethanol has a net energy of 17,058 BTU per gallon. Whose right?
Let's look at the problem in another way. Assuming pro-Ethanol groups are correct, how much Corn will it take to replace gasoline as a source of energy?
From http://www.farmdoc.uiuc.edu/marketing/grainoutlook
1) The USDA's January estimate of the size of the 2005 U.S. Corn crop came in at 11.112 billion bushels.
2) Planted acreage of Corn in the U.S. in 2005 totaled 81.759 million acres, with a calculated yield of 135.9 bu/acre.
From Ethanol industry sources we find that the more efficient Ethanol plants can generate 2.68 gallons of Ethanol from each bushel of Corn. Therefore, 11.112 billion bushels of Corn can supply 30 billion gallons of Ethanol.
A fact of chemistry that economic theory cannot change is that Ethanol supplies 76,000 BTU/gallon and gasoline supplies 120,000 BTU/gallon. In other words, it takes 1.5789 gallons of Ethanol to replace the energy in 1 gallon of gasoline. That COULD mean that 30 billion gallons of Ethanol will replace 19 billions gallons of gasoline. But, in reality, Ethanol produced from Corn replaces even less. From a pro-Ethanol website, http://www.ethanol-gec.org/corn_eth.htm#concl [ethanol-gec.org]:
"We conclude that the NEV of corn ethanol is positive when fertilizers are produced by modern processing plants, corn is converted in modern ethanol facilities, farmers achieve normal corn yields, and energy credits are allocated to coproducts. Our NEV estimate of 16,193 Btu/gal can be considered conservative, since it was derived using the replacement method for valuing coproducts, and it does not include energy credits for plants that sell carbon dioxide. Corn ethanol is energy efficient, as indicated by an energy ratio of 1.24, that is, for every Btu dedicated to producing ethanol, there is a 24-percent energy gain. Moreover, producing ethanol from domestic corn stocks achieves a net gain in a more desirable form of energy. Ethanol production utilizes abundant domestic energy supplies of coal and natural gas to convert corn into a premium liquid fuel that can replace petroleum imports by a factor of 7 to 1."
That "7 to 1" is 7 gallons of Ethanol are needed to replace 1 gallons of gasoline! Here is how it is figured: about 58,942 BTUs must be supplied from external energy sources for each gallon of Ethanol produced. To be self-sufficient Ethanol must return that energy, leaving only 17,058 BTU/gal available as excess energy. Or, dividing 120,000 by 17,058 shows that it will take 7.0348 gallons of Ethanol to replace eac
They are supposed to be debunking peak oil theory? (Score:5, Insightful)
Both theories look equally valid, as presented, and both have pretty much the same implications, with a 20 year time difference. Short term thinkers are the only ones that will be impressed by this.
Valuable sources for futher reading. (Score:5, Informative)
http://www.theoildrum.com/ [theoildrum.com] and in particular: http://www.theoildrum.com/story/2006/11/14/18285/
Whether we will ever exceed current production levels is an entirely open and empirical question. Even if we do, that doesn't prove that "Peak Oil" is "wrong"... just that we haven't hit it yet. The evidence I read suggests we're approaching the top.
Read this too:
http://www.theoildrum.com/story/2006/11/2/204936/
http://www.energybulletin.net/22213.html [energybulletin.net]
Re:OK... (Score:5, Informative)
They predict that the demand will outstrip the supply of cheap oil, forcing us to shift to more expensive supplies and creating shortages that drive the price beyond a reasonable means. They draw a standard set of supply and demand curves, and show where they cross. What's most interesting to me is that it's not the supply curve that's the issue -- it's the demand curve.
And they're less worried about cars than they are about what that steep rise in prices will do to all manufacturing and industry in the west.
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Re:OK... (Score:5, Informative)
There used to be a lot more, but they ran out of oil. In fact, take a look around Western PA to see what devastation running out of oil can wrought on communities. Oil City [wikipedia.org] is an aptly named example.
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Re:OK... (Score:5, Informative)
Technologies that exist and are already economical at current oil prices:
* Coal liquifaction (we have several hundred years of coal in the US alone)
* Thermal depolymerization (~$70/barrel from almost any organic waste).
* Bitumen (huge Canadian deposits)
* Ethanol (both corn and sugarcane)
* Biodiesel (soybeans)
Borderline technologies or technologies that exist but require higher oil prices to be cost efficient:
* Cellulose-derived ethanol
* Farmed plankton biodiesel
* Oil shale
* Methane hydrates/clathrates
* Direct Fischer-Tropsh synthesis from any CO (or even CO2, indirectly more lossy), and H2 (which can come from H2O). I.e., as long as there is power (do you see any "peak electricity" theorists out there? Not many), there can be oil (prices vary depending on component sources). As for H2:
** Electrolysis from any electricity source
** Nuclear power thermolysis
** Direct solar H2 production
** Farmed bacterial H2 production
* Direct utilization of H2 (or other fuels produced from common ingredients + "power") in vehicles.
As for those who say, "Well, sure, there are alternatives, but we don't have time to switch," this isn't true either. It takes much less time to bring a new field or plant online than it takes to drain an oilfield. About the worst time to bring an oilfield online is about 10 years, in the case of a remote field in an inhospitable location with no existing infrastructure. Expanding an existing field into less economical deposits can be as little as a year or two.
Peak Oil is a nonsense theory, and deserves to be exposed for what it is. There've been dozens of predictions since Hubbert, and not a one has been correct.
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Re:From the first link (Score:5, Insightful)
In fact, the scarcer oil seems, the higher the price goes, and the more money the oil companies make.
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If the price is predicted to increase (Score:4, Insightful)
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Re:From the first link (Score:5, Interesting)
They want the current supply of oil to seem scarce so prices are high, but they want the hypothetical, future supply to seem infinite so that you never have to stop using oil.
Which is pretty much what we have now. The price of oil goes up based on fears about Middle East stability, damage to refineries on the Gulf Coast from Katrina, and so on, threatening the immediate supply. On the other hand, off-shore oil deposits and ambiogenesis promising that the oil supply will never actually run out. They make massive profits, but everyone still feels comfortable with their oil-based ICEs.
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Re:Unfullfilled predictions (Score:5, Informative)
Disruption of the gulf stream - not predicted to happen just yet, so this prediction hasn't been refuted.
Deep freeze in Europe - same. That's like saying that the theory about the sun gobbling up the earth when it becomes a red giant is wrong because it hasn't happened yet.
Desertification of the US midwest - underway. I live in Alberta (Canada), and we expect to run out of glacial runoff in the next 15-20 years, leaving our river and main source of water bone dry for half the year. On top of that, the climate is getting dryer, and the water shelf is dropping. These are known to most residents here.
US crop failures - we'll see. Technology is improving all the time to offset this. Its happened before, though.
More frequent/severe Atlantic hurricanes (were there any this year?) - Nope, but again they expect a trend towards stronger storms, and last year it was certainly evident.
Inundation of coastal cities - Once again this is something that will happen down the road. No one thought we'd be under water in 2006. And we aren't. So the predictions are correct thus far.
Decline of coral reefs - underway. Most of the reefs affected by El Nino (Belize's great barrier reef in particular) are almost completely dead. Scuba diving was a lot more interesting about 15 years ago.
Disruption of Antarctic ice shelves - underway. There has been massive breakups of ice shelves in the last few years. Actually the predictions were mostly wrong; this is happening faster than we thought.
Pandemic skin cancer outbreaks (remember the ozone crisis?) - are you disputing the ozone hole now? That's a separate issue, but one that governments at least took significant steps towards solving around 15 years ago. The hole is larger this year than ever before, btw.
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Slashdot refused to print this story (Score:5, Funny)
Exxon-Mobil announces that PEAK OIL is coming in 5 years:
http://www.thebulletin.org/article.php?art_ofn=mj
Mind you, this is a major oil corporation, not some environmentalist "whacko" group...
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Re:Slashdot refused to print this story (Score:5, Informative)
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