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Mobile Cell Phone Towers For Disaster Relief

Posted by timothy on Wed Jun 30, 2004 04:48 PM
from the well-seattle's-a-reception-disaster dept.
cerberus4696 writes "According to today's Denver Post, Verizon recently premiered one of its new Cells On Light Trucks (COLTs), a complete, self-contained CDMA cell that can be moved to wherever it's needed, such as the scene of a natural disaster or a large public event. Since a standard CDMA cell can only handle a theoretical maximum of 62 calls at a time (usually less in practice), the network of permanent fixtures can quickly become overloaded in high-use situations. Verizon already uses a larger version of the system known as a Cell On Wheels (or COW; gotta love these acronyms), but as it takes three trucks and the better part of a day to deploy, nimbleness of response has apparently been an issue."
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  • sheesh (Score:2, Informative)

    by Anonymous Coward
    European GSM operators have been doing this for years.
    • ... are pretty much portable. There are perhaps half-a-dozen now across Rannoch Moor in Scotland. They consist of a metal "shed" with the cell tower antenna on top, and a diesel generator and fuel tank which gets topped up by a guy with a Landrover and a bowser every week or so. Typically they're sited on a hilltop, up to half a mile from the road. The cell tower "shed" is about the size of an Escort van, maybe a bit bigger. Certainly I see no reason why you couldn't fit the whole lot, with a folding a
    • Wealso have those, but CDMA, for about 3 years here in Brazil. They're usually used in shows and sports events.
    • The first COW I built/worked with was in '92. It was a low capacity system, but it was entirely self contained, including a telescoping 100 or 150' tower. You could literally drive it to a location, plug in power, the antennas, raise the tower, and have a functional cell. Using a generator, you didn't need to plug in power. And, in 92, cellular penetration wasn't that deep so the low capacity wasn't a big problem.

      A couple of years later I saw a SOW (Switch on Wheels), though it took a little more effort to
  • Pictures? (Score:4, Interesting)

    by Karamchand (607798) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @04:51PM (#9575916)
    Does anyone have pictures of these thingies?
    Remembers me about those Lasershow-trucks from Lobo [www.lobo.de] - they're really cool!
  • by Anonymous Coward on Wednesday June 30 2004, @04:53PM (#9575935)
    That seems really limited. Hell, I bet my local high school would saturate a cell every time class let out, there were always people making calls or listening to messages. I'm surprised I don't see more towers with the number of cell phones I see daily. Of course, I am from Seattle, so the lousy reception they mention applies to me :(.

    Anonymous Coward
    • by gl4ss (559668) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @05:04PM (#9576056) Homepage Journal
      why would you need to see something that can essentially be the size of a pc case strapped on some roof?

    • by Phil Karn (14620) <karn@ka9 q . net> on Wednesday June 30 2004, @05:30PM (#9576317) Homepage
      That figure is a little misleading. 61 (not 62) is the number of available traffic channels per sector and per RF channel for the original mid-1990's IS-95 CDMA standard. The number 61 comes from having 64 Walsh code channels, minus three for overhead: pilot, sync and paging.

      Sectorization refers to the practice, common with all cellular technologies, of dividing up the area around a cell site into regions, or sectors, each served by its own set of directional antennas. Three sector cells are extremely common; that's why so many towers have triangular platforms with a set of antennas on each side. There are usually three antennas on each side: one for transmit and two for receive, with the extra receive antenna providing spatial diversity.

      Most CDMA cell sites in built-up areas have three (or six) sectors, operate on more than one 1.25 MHz RF channel, and use the newer CDMA 2000 1x standard. That can easily provide a total cell capacity of considerably more than 61 calls.

      CDMA 2000 1x doubles the number of Walsh code channels (to 128) by adding a second set of traffic channels in quadrature to the original 64. Virtually all CDMA phones sold over the past few years do 1x.

      Because of CDMA's inherent robustness, the same RF channel can be reused in adjacent cells and even adjacent sectors, greatly increasing the overall capacity of the spectrum in a given area. Because no careful frequency reuse plan is required, CDMA is also very well suited to the rapid deployment of cells in "hot spots" as described in this article.

      Disclaimer: I work for Qualcomm.

      • by provolt (54870) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @05:45PM (#9576460)
        Hey, what do you think you're doing here!?! You're stating facts, and giving real explainations. If I wanted that, I'd go read a book.

        I come here for uninformed and incomplete comments from college freshmen who think that they know everything about cell phones because they know how to operate the features on a phone. I don't want someone who understands telecommunications. I would prefer someone who know how to program. Because being able to program a PC is basically the same thing as telecommunications. So why don't you just take your "facts" and "knowledge" and just go home.
        • The exact numbers depend on circumstances. An isolated sector (one with no adjacent transmitters on the same RF channel) can use all of its traffic channels. But real-world sectors are usually immersed in a sea of interference from other cells. A typical number might be 25-30 simultaneous calls per sector per RF channel.

          The other traffic channels are still available for soft and softer handoff. That's when two or more cells (or sectors within a cell) carry a single call simultaneously. The mobile combines

      • Number of calls per cell is variable, it's apparently 992 calls for the entire GSM frequency range (which isn't implemented at a single cell). A better comparison might be number of channels/cell/MHz. Which for GSM seems to be around 6.5, and for 2G CDMA, around 12. So in reality you're looking at about half the number for GSM, though interference between GSM cells tends to be smaller, so it does depend very much on cell density and geography (and cost too, of course), probably then an average of about 30 c
  • Chargers (Score:3, Funny)

    by uberfruk (745030) <uberfruk@yahoo.com> on Wednesday June 30 2004, @04:54PM (#9575948) Homepage
    Does it have chargers for the depleted cell batteries?
  • COWs? (Score:5, Funny)

    by daringone (710585) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @04:54PM (#9575949) Journal
    If you put a cell on a COW, can you tip it?
  • Traffic (Score:3, Interesting)

    by underpar (792569) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @04:54PM (#9575951) Homepage
    Whether or not roads would be open is in question not to mention its slow response time. Maybe they could make it fly or something. It's always cool when things fly, right?
  • So... (Score:2, Interesting)

    by Anonymous Coward
    ..what happens if I use a competitor's phone system (like, say.. Sprint?). It's absolutely no benefit to me.

    If they were really for "disaster relief" and not "public image relief" these mobile towers would be system-neutral.

    Actually, I think it highlights a bigger problem - if the companies worked together with standards that were compatible, mobile phone coverage would be much better and busy networks would be much less of a problem.
    • Re:So... (Score:5, Interesting)

      by daringone (710585) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @04:57PM (#9575986) Journal
      If you're on a network that promises "No Roaming" such as Sprint's Fair and Flexible America or Alltel's Total Freedom, it shouldn't matter what company puts up the tower... you can use it.
  • Nextel (Score:3, Insightful)

    by jwcorder (776512) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @04:55PM (#9575965)
    Nextel has been doing this for a while as well, and recently, since they now are the primary sponsor for NASCAR, they have been taking enough of these units to all of the tracks to ensure that everyone can get NEXTEL service at the event. Great marketing.
  • by ffejie (779512) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @04:56PM (#9575975)
    This could be an incredibly useful technology. Anyone who had someone in New York/DC during 9/11 knows how difficult it was to get a hold of anyone that day. Aside from the fact that cell towers went down with the WTCs, Verizons CO (central office) was right next to Tower 1 and 2, knocking out quite a few landlines. Switching capabilities were compromised, leaving most of us with "All circuits are busy." In the future, deploy a few dozen of these and the cell phone capacity could ramp up rather quickly in an extreme event.
    • by Dun Malg (230075) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @05:26PM (#9576286) Homepage
      This could be an incredibly useful technology. Anyone who had someone in New York/DC during 9/11 knows how difficult it was to get a hold of anyone that day. Aside from the fact that cell towers went down with the WTCs, Verizons CO (central office) was right next to Tower 1 and 2, knocking out quite a few landlines. Switching capabilities were compromised, leaving most of us with "All circuits are busy." In the future, deploy a few dozen of these and the cell phone capacity could ramp up rather quickly in an extreme event.

      Unfortunately, none of these would have really helped on 9-11. The fact that huge swathes of Verizon's infrastructure were taken out by the towers collapsing meant that it wasn't just a lack of cell tower capacity. They would've needed dozens of microwave links to even BEGIN to handle the loss. COLTs and COWs are handy for "lesser" disasters (floods, ice storms, etc) where a permanent cell towers are either out of commission or overloaded but most of the basic telecom infrastructure is still functional.

    • No matter how many cellular towers you have there is still the matter of the MSC (Mobile Switching Center) which is the hub of the system. The MSC is where mobile-to-mobile calls get routed between towers and mobile-offnet calls get routed to the LEC (Local Exchange Carrier) for local termination, or to the chosen IXC (Inter eXchange Carrier) for long-distance termination.

      Most towers are simply spokes hubbed back to the MSC. If that connection to the MSC is lost the cell is pretty much useless. If
  • Bad acronym (Score:4, Funny)

    by hipoppotamus (705632) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @04:56PM (#9575976)
    I wonder why they didn't call it a Cellular User Node Transport? I think that would be nuch better.
  • by PenguinRadio (69089) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @04:57PM (#9575983) Homepage
    Near the Pentagon in the first days after the attack they put up some towers and said they were using it to triangulate the location of cell phones that might still be on and inside the rubble. It ended up staying there for about six months or so.
  • Llamas? (Score:5, Funny)

    by op00to (219949) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @04:58PM (#9575993)
    Verizon has taken even more dramatic action to cope with disasters in the past. In 2000, during the Hi Meadow fire near Bailey, the company used helicopters and llamas to transport equipment to the rugged terrain, Weaver said.

    Did anyone else notice this? Llamas. And helicopters. Sounds elaborate. Makes me glad I'm not with Verizon.
  • by MooseByte (751829) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @05:00PM (#9576017)

    Which is a good reason that Ham radio ops are still useful, particularly in disaster relief scenarios where much of the local infrastructure may have been destroyed.

    But first you have to get us to stop talking about the weather and our rigs. :-)
  • by WwWonka (545303) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @05:01PM (#9576024)
    Remember the good ole days when you went behind a tree for diaster relief?

    Those damn kids and their new technology!
  • I'd hardly call Bonnaroo [bonnaroo.com] a disaster, but Sprint's crappy cell coverage of the rural Tennessee farm didn't make squishing thru midnight mud any easier. They sure could have used more of those towers. And, for that matter, so could the holes in NYC coverage.
  • From the article:

    "In 2000 ... the company used ... llamas to transport equipment to the rugged terrain, Weaver said."

    Llamas, Cows, and Colts, all in a post about deprecated cellphone tech. It brings a tear to my eye.

    -theGreater Barnyard Activist.
  • by k4_pacific (736911) <k4_pacific.yahoo@com> on Wednesday June 30 2004, @05:03PM (#9576051) Homepage Journal
    This is News... On... Parade...

    (Queue trumpets)

    Thanks to new advances in radio cullularology, our fearless fighting men in Europe can stay in touch with one another in the field and their commanding officers back at the base. This is accomplished by the US Army's Verizon Corps, who follow our troops across Europe erecting cellular phone towers at key battle sites. This gives our fighting men an advantage over the German oppressors, who are forced to rely on tin cans connected by string. So, when the US Army asks, "Can you hear me now?", America can proudly say, Yes We Can.

    This has been News... On... Parade...
  • Cell will not replace two way radio for emergency services for a long time because two way radio can keep going after a an earthquake knocks out all the cell towers and the emergency services can still communicate when everyone is choking the network by phoning there friends to ask "Did you feel that?".
  • Blimps (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Omega1045 (584264) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @05:06PM (#9576082)
    Why not a blimp with CDMA cells tied to an anchor (truck, etc) with power running from the anchor? Seriously, you could probably tow a launch platform (uhaul sized trailer) behind a small pickup, suv, van etc with an He supply and a generator.

    You drive to site, inflate, and let her pop-up. Crank up your Honda generator and away you go. And now let the EEs shoot down my idea (not literally).
  • by ackthpt (218170) * on Wednesday June 30 2004, @05:06PM (#9576083) Homepage Journal
    a complete, self-contained CDMA cell that can be moved to wherever it's needed, such as the scene of a natural disaster or a large public event.

    I rather wonder, aside from the hobby aspect, how much longer Amature Radio will remain relevant. Seems disasters where AR would really shine and this sort of thing seems to replace them, as now pretty much anyone can afford a hand held phone, where once transmitters and receivers were the domain of those who actually cared enough to outfit and train themselves to be available for when there was need. Now you just whip out a cell phone and dial 911.


    • Good question. For day-to-day 911 calls, yes cellphones are fantastic tools that have completely overwhelmed turf which Hams once had a unique claim to (2-way mobile comm). Natural disasters are still another story, however.

      "Now you just whip out a cell phone and dial 911."

      Now what happens when that cyclone roars through and tears your cell tower network to shreds. What do you do until an emergency cell network of limited capactity is rebuilt? Meaning transported to disaster area, properly placed and

    • Well, the reason that Amateur radio still has an edge over a COW is that a COW or COLT still need to be tied to the PSTN (public switched telephone network) to operate - they have to hand the call over to the system to be routed. Also, the cell system is a one-to-one system, not a one-to-many - you cannot easily say "All units, this is the Emergency operations center - we need somebody with blankets and food to respond to 9th and Main - any unit that can respond, please answer."

      An amateur radio repeater ju
  • dirigibles (Score:4, Insightful)

    by awb131 (159522) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @05:10PM (#9576123)
    I always thought that unmanned dirigibles would be great for something like this. Or for additional cellular (and wi-fi) capacity for special events, e.g. the olympics.

    I mean, a couple of gyroscopes and some electric motors is all it would take to keep the thing approximately where it's supposed to be. They could carry batteries that recharge using solar cells during the day.

    And then I thought, surely someone else has thought of this -- but I never hear anything about them, so maybe not.
  • by llzackll (68018) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @05:11PM (#9576138)
    InfraLynx builds various vehicles now being used by the Homeland Security dept and the military. They have mobile cell towers, satellite uplinks, and all kinds of communications equipment.

    2600 took some pictures. they are here http://www.2600.com/offthehook/2003/1001files/ [2600.com]

    another link:
    http://iwce-mrt.com/ar/radio_infralynx_hummer_deli vers/ [iwce-mrt.com]

    and the google page: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&q=infr alynx&btnG=Google+Search [google.com]

  • by pigpilot (733494) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @05:25PM (#9576268) Homepage

    Loss of phone services in the situations the article describes is certainly inconvenient for the public, but hardly a disaster. Unless they were talking about the companies revenue.

    I'd be more interested if they could find a way to set up fast communications networks when there has been an earthquake or such where good communications may really help rescue and reconstruction efforts.

    But then in that situation you could certainly put more useful facilities on three trucks than a cell phone system.

  • by keeboo (724305) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @06:11PM (#9576656)
    Now show me some news on GSM, then the 'rest of the World' might be interested.
    • Australia uses CDMA too, since it's cheaper and more efficient to roll out than GSM, especially when trying to cover 1000s of K's of sparsely populated areas.

      Unlike GSM, however, CDMA in Australia is (AFIAK) a Telstra-only service (Australia Telecom).

      CDMA performs surprisingly well, almost matching the range of the old analogue AMPS towers we had circa 1999, and at a fraction of the cost (per base station).

      Too bad the first (Qualcomm) phones they sold for it were crap - buggy firmware, expensive car kits
  • Old News (Score:3, Informative)

    by rediguana (104664) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @06:17PM (#9576690)
    Agree with another poster here... they rolled out a mobile cell site at the Pentagon on Sept 11, and handed out precharged mobile phones for the responders to use.

    Here in New Zealand we have had mobile cell sites at popular New Years holiday spots (to handle surge capacity) when the country goes on holiday for a week or two at Xmas/New Year. They have been doing this a couple of years at least.

    Whata so special about this one?
  • by xmedh02 (100813) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @07:21PM (#9577211) Homepage
    Mobile cells for disaster relief or for big public gatherings (concerts, festivals..) have been in Europe for years.. Here are pictures from floods in Prague in 2002 [idnes.cz].
  • Nothing new (Score:3, Interesting)

    by zmooc (33175) <zmooc AT zmooc DOT net> on Thursday July 01 2004, @01:28AM (#9578910) Homepage
    I've already seen such trucks on festivals around Europe about 4 years ago and probably made quite a few calls through their systems too - nothing new here.
  • This is hardly new (Score:4, Interesting)

    by kju (327) on Thursday July 01 2004, @03:34AM (#9579463)
    At least for GSM such mobile base stations are technology which had already happened years ago. In fact one of the dutch mobile providers had a mobile BTS at the hacker camping HIP in 1997.
    • by YankeeInExile (577704) * on Wednesday June 30 2004, @04:54PM (#9575950) Homepage Journal
      Said the troll dripping with sarcasm:
      because we all know in the event of a majour natural disaster the first thing we all want is cell phone coverage back :-)

      Communication actually is the first service that is needed after a natural disaster. It just turns out that cellular service gives the best bang-for-buck in terms of communication capability.

    • by Libertarian_Geek (691416) on Wednesday June 30 2004, @04:58PM (#9575994)
      You may have victims trapped under rubble, or stranded in flood waters who can call for help thanks to this. Residents in the area of a disaster could potentially use up all of the capacity in a disaster area calling family members to let them know their ok. This would increase cellphone capacity in that area, just like they do at sporting events.
    • There is the thing where you call your relatives to say you're okay. My husband better be trying his butt off to call me if he's ever in a disaster.
    • when the hurricane came through NC and VA last year, cell phones and portable radios were the only form communication that worked for over a week. The cell phone coverage was spotty at times as the cell towers batteries ran down and the generators occasionally ran out of fuel.

      I digress... My point was, when a disaster strikes, you often have volunteers helping with the disaster relief. In our case, the volunteers were relying on cell phones for communications. Not everyone has access to police or res

    • Re:Um... (Score:3, Interesting)

      "How do more people on cell phoes relieve disaster? I don't mean to be cynical, but there are much better tools for disaster workers, like radios and such."

      So are they going to hand out radios to victims so they can be found?
    • Fire Chief on phone (Score:3, Informative)

      by Anonymous Coward
      As past chief of a Fire Department I can tell you that a good, RELIABLE cell phone is critical to emergency management for the following reasons:

      -Radio communications that Fire Departments/Ambulances/Police use are usually one or two half duplex channel. If you are lucky, you have four or five channels, but only one or two will get you in touch with you dispatcher (911 center). During a natural disaster, hundreds of units across your county could be trying to reach the 911 center at the same time. The e